1) A hypothesis is an educated guess or assumption about a problem that is made before research begins and can then be tested. 2) There are two main types of hypotheses: the null hypothesis (H0), which states the default position, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha), which challenges the null hypothesis. 3) Hypotheses must be testable through statistical analysis and can be rejected or failed to reject based on whether the alternative or null hypothesis is supported by evidence.

1. Dr S S N Raju Indukoori
HYPOTHESIS
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2. WHAT DO YOU THINK BEFORE YOU START RESEARCHING
ABOUT AN EXISTING PROBLEM ?
1) Straight away start doing research
2) Primary investigation with an assumption of
probable cause or reason
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3. WHAT IS A HYPOTHESIS?
• It is the premise or view of the researcher or the
research team on a given problem.
• It is the starting point of the research process on
which prima facie opinion is arrived at.
• It is also known as educated guess or constructive
assumption based on the preliminary investigation.
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4. ASSUMPTIONS
1. Proposition
2. Hypothesis
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5. ASSUMPTIONS
1. Proposition (Conceptual)
2. Hypothesis (Tested)
A. Descriptive
B. Relational
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6. 1) Proposition
It is a theoretical and subjective
approach to assume on the cause of
the problem which is irrational. But in
some circumstances, it is the only
choice
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7. 2) Hypothesis (Tested)
It is a rational assumption or view of
the researcher which is tested with
appropriate statistical tool which could
be descriptive and relational.
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8. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
1) Co variation between X and Y
2) Time order of events moving in the hypothesized direction.
3) No other possible causes of Y.
4) Control
5) Random Assignment
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9. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
• Null Hypothesis (H0)
• Alternate Hypothesis (Ha)
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10. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis
It states the primary belief in general before
starting the research. Represented as H0
Alternate Hypothesis
It is the hypothesis which challenges the H0 and
known as research hypothesis represented with
Ha
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11. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis and Alternate Hypothesis are
mathematical opposites.
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12. ACCEPT OR REJECT NULL HYPOTHESIS H0
If Hypothesis testing proves that
• Ha is correct then it is stated as ‘H0 is rejected’
• H0 correct then it is stated as ‘fail to reject H0’
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13. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
A Car making company claims about its car’s
mileage is 23 KM/L or more under standard
testing conditions. which is widely known and
popular. Some of the car owners claim that this
car is no longer giving 23 KM/L
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14. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
Null hypothesis H0 : µ ≥ 23 KM/L
Alternate Hypothesis Ha : µ < 23 KM/L
Where µ = Average Car mileage
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15. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
It is observed by the faculty in general that at
least 10% of the class students try to access
smaprt phone while the session is on. The
students says that no longer 10% of the students
use smart phones in the session.
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16. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
Null hypothesis H0 : µ = 10%
Alternate Hypothesis Ha : µ ≠ 10%
Where µ = % of students using the Smart Phone
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17. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
The bus operator of a college says that the
students’ bus reaches 8:35 AM which is 20
minutes in advance of the college sessions
starting time i.e. 9:00 AM. But the students say
that the bus never reached by 8:35 AM
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18. WRITING HYPOTHESIS
Null hypothesis H0 : µ ≤ 8:30
Alternate Hypothesis Ha : µ > 8:30
Where µ = Average time of the bus time reaching college
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