Introduction to Hypothesis
Definition of the hypothesis
Purpose of the hypothesis
Components of hypothesis
The functions of hypothesis
Characteristics of hypothesis
Types of hypothesis
Introduction to Hypothesis
Definition of the hypothesis
Purpose of the hypothesis
Components of hypothesis
The functions of hypothesis
Characteristics of hypothesis
Types of hypothesis
A measurable characteristic that varies and may change from group to group, person to person, or even within one person over time.
Variable is a logical grouping of attributes, characteristics or qualities that describe an object. It may be either height, weight, anxiety levels, body temperature, income and so on.
Variable is frequently used in quantitative research projects pertinent to define and identify variables.
A variable incites excitement in any research than constants as it facilitate accurate explanation of relationship between the variables.
Meaning, Need, Features, Concept relating to Research Design, Types of Research Design, Sampling – Meaning, Steps in Sampling, Sampling Methods (Probability and Non-Probability Methods)
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
A measurable characteristic that varies and may change from group to group, person to person, or even within one person over time.
Variable is a logical grouping of attributes, characteristics or qualities that describe an object. It may be either height, weight, anxiety levels, body temperature, income and so on.
Variable is frequently used in quantitative research projects pertinent to define and identify variables.
A variable incites excitement in any research than constants as it facilitate accurate explanation of relationship between the variables.
Meaning, Need, Features, Concept relating to Research Design, Types of Research Design, Sampling – Meaning, Steps in Sampling, Sampling Methods (Probability and Non-Probability Methods)
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
Hypothesis is one of the most essential elements in educational research in which variable based numeric data are collected and analysed. So, meaning, type, importance and characteristics of a good hypothesis are discussed here.
Research Methodology all about Hypothesis.pptxDrHafizKosar
A hypothesis is an assumption that is made based on some evidence. This is the initial point of any investigation that translates the research questions into predictions. It includes components like variables, population and the relation between the variables. A research hypothesis is a hypothesis that is used to test the relationship between two or more variables.
Characteristics of Hypothesis
Following are the characteristics of the hypothesis:
• The hypothesis should be clear and precise to consider it to be reliable.
• If the hypothesis is a relational hypothesis, then it should be stating the relationship between variables.
• The hypothesis must be specific and should have scope for conducting more tests.
• The way of explanation of the hypothesis must be very simple and it should also be understood that the simplicity of the hypothesis is not related to its significance.
Sources of Hypothesis
Following are the sources of hypothesis:
• The resemblance between the phenomenon.
• Observations from past studies, present-day experiences and from the competitors.
• Scientific theories.
• General patterns that influence the thinking process of people.
Types of Hypotheses
There are six forms of hypothesis and they are:
• Simple hypothesis
• Complex hypothesis
• Directional hypothesis
• Non-directional hypothesis
• Null hypothesis
• Associative and casual hypothesis
How will Hypothesis help in the Scientific Method?
Researchers use hypotheses to put down their thoughts directing how the experiment would take place. Following are the steps that are involved in the scientific method:
• Formation of question
• Doing background research
• Creation of hypothesis
• Designing an experiment
• CDIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS
1.A research question and a hypothesis are both key of the research process,
but they serve different, purposes and have, distinct characteristics.
2.A research question is, a broad inquiry that defines the main focus, of a research study. It is an interrogative statement, that identifies the specific, aspect or problem that the, researcher intends to investigate.
3. Research questions are usually open-ended, and seek to explore, describe, or understand a phenomenon. They are formulated to guide the research process, and provide a clear direction for inquiry.
6 On the other hand, a hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction, that proposes a relationship, or difference between variables. It is based on existing theories, prior research, or observations, and represents an educated guess about the outcome, of the study.
7.Hypotheses are typically, formulated in a specific, and often directional manner. They aim to provide a tentative explanation or answer to the research question
8 A research hypothesis is a, statement that proposes, a relationship or difference, between variables. It serves as the basis for designing and conducting research studies to test its validity.
This PPT slide presentation deals with the Meaning of hypothesis, Types of hypothesis, Parameters of a good hypothesis, Importance of hypothesis, Source of hypothesis, Format of hypotheis & Formulation of testable hypothesis.
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2. • An hypothesis is a tentative
explanation by the researcher of
what the researcher considers
the outcome of an investigation
will be.
• It is an informed/educated guess.
• It indicates the expectations of
the researcher regarding certain
variables.
• It is the most specific way in
which an answer to a problem
can be stated.
3. • It is a statement postulating a
possible relationship between
two or more phenomena or
variables.
4. • This hypothesis is tested for
possible rejection or approval.
• If hypothesis get accepted it
shows that your hunch was
right and if it gets rejected it
still does not mean that your
research was not valid but it
means that it is the opposite
way you thought and
perceived.
5. THE PURPOSE AND
FUNCTIONS OF AN
HYPOTHESIS
• It offers explanations for the
relationships between those
variables that can be empirically
tested.
• It furnishes proof that the
researcher has sufficient
background knowledge to make
suggestions in order to extend
existing knowledge.
6. • It gives direction to an
investigation.
• It structures the next phase in
the investigation and therefore
furnishes continuity to the
examination of the problem.
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
HYPOTHESIS
• It should have elucidating power.
• It should strive to furnish an
acceptable explanation of the
phenomenon.
• It must be verifiable.
• It must be formulated in simple,
understandable terms.
• It should corresponds with existing
knowledge.
8. TYPES OF
HYPOTHESES
• Hypotheses can be classified in
terms of their derivation
(inductive and deductive
hypotheses) and in terms of their
formulation (research - directional
and non-directional and statistical
or null hypotheses).
9. NULL HYPOTHESIS
• It states that there is no association
between the predictor and
outcome variables in the
population.
• By starting with the proposition
that there is no association,
statistical tests can estimate the
probability that an observed
association could be due to chance.
10. ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHEISIS
• The proposition that there is an -
is called the alternative
hypothesis.
• The alternative hypothesis
cannot be tested directly.
• It is accepted by exclusion if the
test of statistical significance
rejects the null hypothesis.
11. DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
• Directional hypothesis explains and
predicts the direction and existence
of a specific relationship.
• The predicted relationship will be
either positive or negative.
• It is also known as the cause-and-
effect hypothesis.
12. Characteristics of a Well-formulated
Research Hypothesis:
•Testable and Verifiable.
•Simple and Clear.
•Relevant.