The document discusses the Human Development Index (HDI) which is used by the UNDP to measure development levels among countries. The HDI considers three factors: life expectancy, education levels, and GDP per capita. Countries are classified as having high, medium, or low human development based on their HDI score. The latest HDI report from 2009 ranks countries, with Norway ranked first and Spain ranked 15th. The document also discusses inequality within countries using the Inequality-Adjusted HDI and Gini coefficient. Mexico ranks relatively low on both indices according to the data presented.

1. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
INDEX
Guillermo Hernandez Saucedo.
September 12, 2018.
Instituto
tecnológico
de saltillo

2. The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator created by the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) to determine the level of development of the countries of the world. It was devised with the objective
of knowing, not only the economic income of the people in one country, but also to evaluate whether the
country contributes to its citizens an environment where they can better or worse develop their project and
living conditions. For this, the HDI takes into account three variables:
1) Life expectancy at birth. Analyzes the average age of people who died in a year.
2) education. Collects the level of adult literacy and the level of studies achieved (primary, secondary, higher
education)
3) per capita GDP (a purchasing power parity). It considers the gross domestic product per capita and
evaluates access to the necessary economic resources so that people can have a decent standard of living.
WHAT IS THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
INDEX?

3. HDI CLASSIFICATION
The HDI index provides values between 0 and 1, with 0 being the lowest score and 1 the highest. In this
regard, UNDP classifies countries into three major groups:
•"High human development" countries. They have an HDI greater than 0.80.
•Countries with medium human development. They have an HDI between 0.50 and 0.80.
•"Low human development" countries. They have an HDI less than 0.50.
•

4. HDI REPORT AT 2009.
On October 5, the latest Human Development Report was published basing on data from 2007 and comprising a
total of 182 countries. Of the 182, 83 are within the high-HDI countries, 75 with an HDI and 24 with a low HDI. They
occupy the first places Norway, number one, followed by Australia, Iceland, Canada, Ireland, Holland among
others. According to these reports, Spain is occupying the 15th place in the world.
Countries included in the middle-HDI classification are Armenia, China, Jamaica, El Salvador, Philippines, among
others. With a low-HDI rating, there are fundamentally many countries in black Africa and Afghanistan among
others.
Notably, Singapore and the Republic of Korea in 1981 were among the middle-HDI countries 0.785 and 0.722, and
have now reached a high HDI 0.944 and 0.937, respectively. Other countries that have gone from the middle HDI
to high rankings are UAE, Chile, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Turkey, Ecuador, Mauritius, and
Kazakhstan.

5. HDI FEATURES.
•1-Health: measure according to life expectancy at birth.
•
•2-Education: measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined gross enrolment rate in primary,
secondary and higher education, as well as the years of compulsory education.
•
•3-richness: measure per capita GDP PPP in international dollars.
•

6. WORLD RANKING OF HDI.

7. GINI INDEX.
The Gini coefficient is a measure of the inequality devised by the
Italian statistician Corrado Gini. It is usually used to measure
income inequality within a country, but it can be used to measure
any form of uneven distribution. The Gini coefficient is a number
between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds to the perfect equality (all
have the same income) and where the value 1 corresponds to the
perfect inequality (one person has all the income and the other
none). The Gini index is the Gini coefficient expressed in reference
to 100 at the most, instead of 1, and is equal to the Gini coefficient
multiplied by 100. A variation of two-hundredths of the Gini
coefficient (or two units of the index) is equivalent to a 7%
distribution of the poorest sector of the population (below median)
to the richest (above the median).

8. INEQUALITY-ADJUSTED INDEX.
This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted development index (IDHD), as
published by UNDP in its Human Development Report 2011. According to the report,
the IDHD is a "measure of the average human development level of people in a society
once inequality has been taken into account. It captures the Human development index
(HDI) of the average person in a society, which is less than the HDI added when there
is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income. In perfect equality, the
HDI and IDHD are equal; The greater the difference between the two, the greater the
inequality. " In that sense, "IDHD is the real level of human development (taking into
account inequality), while the HDI can be seen as the potential human development
index that could be achieved without inequality." 1
The IDHD captures the losses in human development given the inequality in health,
education and income. Losses in the three dimensions vary by country, ranging from
2.9% (Hong Kong) to 52% (Chad) in life expectancy, 1.3% (Czech Republic) to 49.7%
(Yemen) in education and 4.5% (Azerbaijan) to 68.3% (Namibia) in income. The overall
loss in the three dimensions ranges from 5% (Czech) to 43.5% (Namibia). UNDP
developed the 144-Country index.

9. IDHD TABLE AND THE POSITION OF MEXICO.

10. CONCLUSIONS.
The HDI in Mexico is not encouraging, because based on statistics and comparison tables, Mexico is in the
lowest places which tells us that we do not have an adequate standard of living and life expectancy is also
the hand of that , because not having sufficient purchasing value to satisfy our needs because it is unlikely
that we are exempt from illnesses given by bad food or hygiene.
Speaking of the IDHD we realize that Mexico also occupies the last places, which draws attention because
the income of our country bought with some others, because they are very low.
For a better quality of life, we need better income and better opportunities to be able to grow and thus
contribute especially in the GDP of our country.