This ppt is all about the world trade organization, Its Role, its existence and all its functions, It also includes the structure of WTO.So kindly go through it and comment below how u liked it.
it is an usefull information and material for the students who is preparing their studies
it about WTO ,stucture,scope,trade agreements functions etc.,
it is an usefull information and material for the students who is preparing their studies
it about WTO ,stucture,scope,trade agreements functions etc.,
This is a presentation done by Export Agriculture students in Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. The presentation includes WTO, its objectives, functions of WTO, agreements, Economic & political influece as well as the point of view of the group members relevent to Sri Lankan situation.
The trade theory that first indicated importance of specialization in production and division of labor is based on the idea of theory of absolute advantage which is developed first by Adam Smith in his famous book The Wealth of Nations published in 1776.
Smith argued that it was impossible for all nations to become rich simultaneously by following mercantilism because the export of one nation is another nation’s import and instead stated that all nations would gain simultaneously if they practiced free trade and specialized in accordance with their absolute advantage. Smith also stated that the wealth of nations depends upon the goods and services available to their citizens, rather than their gold reserves. While there are possible gains from trade with absolute advantage, the gains may not be mutually beneficial. Comparative advantage focuses on the range of possible mutually beneficial exchanges.
Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country producing it.
Countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries
In economics, principle of absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce more of a good or service than competitors, using the same amount of resources.
This is a presentation done by Export Agriculture students in Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. The presentation includes WTO, its objectives, functions of WTO, agreements, Economic & political influece as well as the point of view of the group members relevent to Sri Lankan situation.
The trade theory that first indicated importance of specialization in production and division of labor is based on the idea of theory of absolute advantage which is developed first by Adam Smith in his famous book The Wealth of Nations published in 1776.
Smith argued that it was impossible for all nations to become rich simultaneously by following mercantilism because the export of one nation is another nation’s import and instead stated that all nations would gain simultaneously if they practiced free trade and specialized in accordance with their absolute advantage. Smith also stated that the wealth of nations depends upon the goods and services available to their citizens, rather than their gold reserves. While there are possible gains from trade with absolute advantage, the gains may not be mutually beneficial. Comparative advantage focuses on the range of possible mutually beneficial exchanges.
Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country producing it.
Countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries
In economics, principle of absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce more of a good or service than competitors, using the same amount of resources.
Table of Contents
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 3
First Phase : 5
Second Phase : 5
Third Phase : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
Did GATT succeed? : 6
Slide 20: 6
Slide 21: 6
Slide 22: 6
Slide 23: 6
Slide 24: 6
Difference between GATT & WTO 7
why agricultural income could not be taxed in pakistan agricultural income ta...Nimra Waseem Chaudhry
why agricultural income could not be taxed in pakistan agricultural income taxation , problems of agricultural taxation., agricultural income taxation of pakistan agricultural taxation of pakistan
World Trade Organization - functions, principles and trade agreements
Case Studies include USA vs Mexico (Tuna), USA vs ASIA (Shrimp) and USA vs EU (Poultry)
OBJECTIVE
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. Trade Agreements are negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. In this webinar, we shall understand the role and functions of the WTO and the importance and impact of Trade Agreements in global trade.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
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The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. IN THE PRESENTATION
Understanding of WTO
WTO in beginning and Fact file of WTO
Why WTO and functions and principle of WTO
Structure of WTO
Role of WTO
Relevance of WTO
TRIPs, TRIMs of WTO
Agreements done under WTO guidance
Role of WTO in developing countries
Current issues of WTO
3. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
Intergovernmental organisation which regulates the
international trade
• Officially commenced on 1st Jan 1995 under the Marrakesh
Agreement
• Signed by 123 nations in 1994
• WTO had replaced GATT (General agreement on tariffs and
trade)
• They deal with: agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking,
telecommunications, government purchases, industrial
standards and product safety, food sanitation regulations,
intellectual property and much more.
4. WTO: THE BEGINNINGS
The World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being on
January 1st 1995.
It extended GATT in two major ways. First GATT became
only one of the three major trade agreements that went into
the WTO
Second the WTO was put on a much sounder institutional
footing than GATT
5. FACT FILE OF WTO
Location - Geneva, Switzerland
Established - 1 January 1995
Created by - Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)
Membership - 162 countries since 30 November 2015
Head - Roberto Azevêdo (Director-General)
Secretariat staff - 625
6. WHY WTO?
To arrange the implementation, administration and operations of
trade agreements
Settlement of disputes
Trade relations in issues deal with under the agreements.
To provide a framework for implementing of the results arising out
of the deliberations which taken place at ministerial conference level.
To manage effectively and efficiency the trade policy review
mechanism (TRIM).
To create more together relationship with all nations in respect of
global economic
7. FUNCTIONS OF WTO
Administering WTO trade agreements
Forum for trade negotiations
Handling trade disputes
Monitoring national trade policies
Technical assistance and training for developing countries
Cooperation with other international organizations
8. PRINCIPLES OF WTO
The basic principles of the WTO (according to the WTO):
Trade Without Discrimination
1. Most Favoured Nation (MFN): treating other people equally
2. National treatment: Treating foreigners and locals equally
Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation
Predictability: through binding and transparency
Promoting fair competition
Encouraging development and economic reform.
10. ROLE OF WTO
The main goal of WTO is to help the trading industry to
become smooth, fair, free and predictable. It was organized
to become the administrator of multilateral trade and business
agreements between its member nations. It supports all
occurring negotiations for latest agreements for trade.
WTO also tries to resolve trade disputes between member
nations.
Multi-lateral agreements are always made between several
countries in the past. Because of this, such agreements
become very difficult to negotiate but are so powerful and
influential once all the parties agree and sign the multi-lateral
agreement. WTO acts as the administrator. If there are unfair
trade practices or dumping and there is complain filed, the
staff of WTO are expected to investigate and check if there
are violations based on the multi-lateral agreements.
11. TRIMS, AND TRIPS OF WTO
1) Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)
TRIMs refers to certain conditions or restrictions imposed by a
governments in respect of foreign investment in the country
The agreement on TRIMs provides that no contracting party shall
apply any TRIM which is inconsistent with the WTO Articles.
2) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS)
The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement
administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down
minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP)
regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members
12. TRIPS contains requirements that nations' laws must meet
for copyright rights, including the rights of performers,
producers of sound recordings and broadcasting
organizations; geographical indications, including
appellations of origin; industrial designs; integrated circuit
layout-designs; patents; monopolies for the developers of new
plant varieties; trademarks; trade dress; and undisclosed or
confidential information.
Specifies enforcement procedures, remedies, and dispute
resolution procedures.
13. THE RELEVANCE OF WTO
The system helps promote peace.
The system allows disputes to be handled constructively.
A system based on rules rather than power makes life easier for
all.
Freer trade cuts the cost of living.
It gives consumers more choice and a broader range of
qualities to choose from.
Trade raises incomes.
Trade stimulates economic growth and that can be good news
for employment.
The basic principles make the system economically more
efficient, and they cut costs.
14. THE AGREEMENTS
The WTO is ‘rules-based’; its rules are negotiated agreements
Overview: a navigational guide
Plurilateral agreement
Further changes on the horizon, the Doha Agenda.
Some of the agreements of WTO:
-Tariffs: more bindings and closer to zero
-The Agriculture Agreement: new rules and commitments
-Textiles: back in the mainstream
-Intellectual property: protection and enforcement
15. The agreement covers five broad issues:
How basic principles of the trading system and other
international intellectual property agreements should be
applied
How to give adequate protection to intellectual property rights
How countries should enforce those rights adequately in their
own territories
How to settle disputes on intellectual property between
members of the WTO
Special transitional arrangements during the period when the
new system is being introduced
16. RECENT ISSUES
• Twenty-four participants from around the world are attending a two-
month Advanced Trade Policy Course (ATPC) from 18 January to 11
March 2016
• Lamy calls for addressing macro-economic imbalances through
cooperation
• Transparency mechanism for preferential trade arrangements set for
approval
• Market access for LDCs (Least Developing Countries)
• Trade agreements between developing countries
• Trade policy reviews: ensuring transparency
• TRIPS Agreement aimed at facilitating access to essential
medicines in poor countries.
17. CONCLUSION
It is the place where the member country comes and talks
together and shares their grievance in order to resolve their
problem related to International trade.
The countries make their decisions through various councils
and committees, whose membership consists of all WTO
members.
The system helps promote peace, by handling Dispute of
member countries. It provides free trade which cuts the costs
of living and provides more choice of products and qualities
and stimulates economic growth.
18. The WTO agreements cover goods, services and intellectual
property. They spell out the principles of liberalization, and the
permitted exceptions. They include individual countries’
commitments to lower customs tariffs and other trade barriers,
and to open and keep open services markets. They set
procedures for settling disputes. They prescribe special
treatment for developing countries. They require governments
to make their trade policies transparent
WTO deals with the special needs of developing countries as
two thirds of the WTO members are developing countries and
they play an increasingly important and active role in the
WTO because of their numbers, because they are becoming
more important in the global economy, and because they
increasingly look to trade as a vital tool in their development
efforts.