The document describes a project focused on developing a human detection robot utilizing RF Zigbee communication, aimed at military, security, and disaster recovery applications. It provides details on the components used, including various sensors and microcontrollers, and outlines the system's operational flow. Limitations of the project are acknowledged, particularly concerning programming memory and communication range.

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2. TOPIC:
HUMAN DETECTION ROBO
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
S6
PROJECT GROUP- 1
MEMBERS
SUDEESH VS
VINEETH A V
DHANYA XAVIER
ASHMI T ISSAC
SIBIN SEBASTIAN
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3. INTRODUCTION
•The novel idea of this project is to locate the human
presence using the robot which is controlled through
RF ZIGBEE communication.
•This project can find its application in military and
security where without our presence we can get to
know the status of the other side.
•This project can also be used to navigate around the
disaster areas and try to find humans who need help.10/12/2015 3

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
ROBO SECTION
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5. REMOTE SECTION
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6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
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7. REMOTE SECTION
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8. COMPONENT STUDY
 PIC 16F877A
 ZIGBEE
 LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSORS
 LPG SENSOR MQ6
 PIR SENSOR
 OBSTACLE SENSOR
 L293D MOTOR DRIVER
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9. PIC 16F877A
 PIC is a family of Harvard architecture
 RISC microcontroller.
 Why PIC16F877A is very popular?
 What is the advantages of PIC16F877A?
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10. PIN DIAGRAM OF PIC16F877
 PLASTIC DUAL
IN-LINE
PACKAGE (DIP)
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11.  As you can see the
PIC16F877A is rich in
peripherals so you can
use it for many
different projects.
Bubble diagram of PIC16F877
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12. ZIGBEE
•There are many wireless monitoring and control applications in
industrial and home environments which require longer battery life,
lower data rates and less complexity than those from existing
standards.
•A new standard called IEEE 802.15.4 has been developed by
IEEE. The new standard is also called Zig Bee
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13.  This allows ZigBee networks to be formed ad-hoc, with
no centralized control or high-power
transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the devices.
 Any ZigBee device can be tasked with running the
network
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14. LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSORS
 The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit
temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
•Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
•Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
•0.5°C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25°C)
•Operates from 4 to 30 volts
•Less than 60 µA current drain
•Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air
•Rated for full -55° to +150°C range
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15. LPG SENSOR MQ6
 They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in
family and industry.
 This sensor suitable for detecting of LPG, iso-butane,
propane, LNG
• High sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane, propane
• Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke.
• Fast response .
• Stable and long life
• Simple drive circuit
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16. PIR SENSOR
 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an
electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view.
 The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that
PIR devices do not generate or radiate any energy for
detection purposes
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17. OBSTACLE SENSOR
 This sensor is a short range obstacle detector with no
dead zone.
 It has a reasonably narrow
detection area
 Range can also be increased by increasing the power to
the IR LEDs or adding more IR LEDs
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18. L293D MOTOR DRIVER
 The L293D are quadruple high-current H –bridge drivers.
 The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive
currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36
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20. 293D LOGIC TABLE.
 • Pin 2 = Logic 1 and Pin 7 = Logic 0 | Clockwise

• Pin 2 = Logic 0 and Pin 7 = Logic 1 | Anticlockwise

• Pin 2 = Logic 0 and Pin 7 = Logic 0 | Idle [No rotation]

• Pin 2 = Logic 1 and Pin 7 = Logic 1 | Idle [No rotation]
 In a very similar way the motor can also operated across input
pin 15,10 for motor on the right hand side.
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21. HELICAL GEAR MOTOR:
 A unit which creates mechanical energy from electrical
energy and which transmits mechanical energy through
the gearbox at a reduced speed.
 A gearhead and motor combination to reduce the speed of
the motor to obtain the desired speed or torque.
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22. LCD DISPLAY
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic
display module and find a wide range of applications.
 A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits.
 A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line
and there are 2 such lines.
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23. SYSTEM WORKING
 From the transmitter end we are controlling the robotic
action which will be sent to the remote end via zigbee.
 If any obstacle is detected, the LCD at the transmitter end
will receive information about it. and try to avoid the
obstacles automatically.
 Now in between the movements of the robot, if any
human activities are observed by the human tracking
sensor then it will transmit alert to the controller And stop
the robot and produce alarm.
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24. ALGORITHM OF PROGRAM
 Step 1: Start
 Step 2: Initialize micro controller
 Step 3: Initialize motors
 Step 4: Initialize PIR sensor
 Step 5: receive commands form remote
Monitor PIR sensor ,gas sensor ,obstacle sensor
 Step 6: If obstacle detected motor rotates in specified direction send obstacle
info to remote
If human detected motor stops and buzzer on send human info to remote
Step 7: read the temperature and gas status send info to remote go to step 5
 Step 8: Stop
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ROBO SECTION

25.  Step 1: Start
 Step 2: Initialize micro controller
 Step 3: Initialize lcd
 Step 4: Initialize key
 Step 5: Monitor key pad
 Step 6: If key press detected send command to robo for specified key
function
 Step 7: If command from robo detected ,display info specified by each
command function go to step 5
 Step 8: Stop
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REMOTE SECTION

26. APPLICATIONS
 Gas leakage detector:
 A security robot
 Home automation:
 Military applications:
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27. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
 This project is a microcontroller-based project. The
main limitation is the size of ROM available on the
chip for programming.
 RF Communication cannot be extended for some more
distance.
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28. CONCLUSION
 The project “HUMAN DETECTION ROBOT” has
been successfully designed and stimulated .
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29. REFERENCES
 PIC16F877ADatasheet,
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/device
doc/39582b.pdf
 L293DDatasheet,
http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/Datasheets/
L293d.pdf
 WWW.EFY.COM
 WWW.ieee.com
 www.google.com
 Pic microcontroller –Muhammad ali Mazidi
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30. THANK YOU
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