The document outlines a project for developing a low-cost rescue robot designed to detect surviving humans in disaster scenarios using a combination of passive infrared (PIR) and temperature sensors. It employs a two-level sensing approach with a primary PIR sensor and a secondary human body shape sensor via a webcam, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of the components used. The robot's design includes various other hardware components and applications in military and rescue operations, with suggestions for future enhancements and improvements.

1. Passive infrared BASED
human detection alive robot
Guided by :-
Prof. Smita Mohanty

2. Team Members :-
1. Sidharth Mahapatra
2. Sandip Kumar Mohapatra
3. Soumya Smita Sahoo
4. Smruti Ranjita Suar
5. Swastika Dash

3. Reasons for choosing this
project :-
1. The goal of this research was to provide a low cost
rescue robot for human detection in a disaster
environment.
2. Though, the existing Urban Search and Rescue Robots
are equipped with various sensors, but the problem with
them is the cost.
3. The sensors used in the development of this project are
easily available and cost effective.

4. Project details :-
 In this project, a new method for detecting surviving
humans in destructed environments using simulated
autonomous robot is proposed.
 The robot uses two levels of sensing in order to
achieve higher cost-effectiveness in the detecting process
in terms of the actual cost of equipment, the processing
cost, the communication cost, the storage cost, and the
power cost.
 The first level is a PIR sensor used with a temperature
sensor, that is used as the primary sensor in order to
detect the existence of living humans in a scene.

5. The second level is a human body shape sensor. This
level uses low-cost web camera in order to confirm
the existence of a human shape.
The robot is assumed to be equipped with a simple
Temperature sensor in order to detect fire in Rescue
scenario and a wireless communication link in order
to communicate with the rescue team whenever a
need arises.
Project details :-

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. PASSIVE INFRA-RED SENSOR
 What is PIR sensor ?
 How it works ?
 Why PIR sensors ?

8. AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER

9. LCD DISPLAY
The basic operations of LCD is done by the following
pins :-
 Enable (E)
 Read/Write (R/W)
 Register select (RS)
1
2
3
VSS
VDD
VEE
4
5
6
RS
RW
E
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
LCD1
LM016L
10k
2,15
1,16

10. POWER SUPPLY CKT.
LED
LED
1k
- +
IN4007 * 4
GND
9-0-9Vac/1Amp
1000uF/35V
7812
POWER SUPPLY
+5V
+12V230VAC
50Hz 2.2k
7805
TRANSFORMER

11. Ultrasonic Sensor
 What is Ultrasonic Sensor ?
 Why it is used ?
 How it works?

12. Analog to Digital Converter
 What is ADC ?
 Why ADC is needed ?
 How it works ?

13. Software & Hardware used :-
 Windows 2000 & onwards version
 Embedded c
 Keil software
 Proteus software
The Robot is equipped with following hardware :
 A PIR sensor.
 An ultrasonic sensor.
 A Temperature sensor.
 A Microcontroller unit.
 A webcam.
 Motor.

14. Materials Availability - Cost &
Procurement Strategy :-
 The instruments used in this project are common
electronic devices and easily available.
Low cost and easy to use.

15. Lab setup:-
 Hardware (to connect microcontroller)
 Pony Prog (Serial, Parallel)
 AVRdude (supports many hardware)
USB-ASP (USB)
Code Vision AVR (CVAVR):
An IDE has following functions:
 Preprocessing
 Compilation
 Assembly
 Linking
 Object Translation

16. Applications
1. In military applications to detect the presence of
human being.
2. In Rescue operations where human reach is not
possible.
3. In War fields, to control unmanned aerial
vehicles(UAV).

17. Future enhancement :-
 Since the system developed is a low cost system
therefore it has a wide future scope.
 Though many systems with a wide range of sensors
have been developed, but there are many problems
faced by them such as cost, size, environment
difficulties etc.

18. Future works:-
 Detail study about the microcontroller to be used.
 Interfacing the peripheral devices with
microcontroller.
 Detail study on the sensors to be used and their
interfacing.
 Connection of the circuits used with sensors and
microcontroller unit.

19. Bibliography :-
 Circuitstoday.com/powersupplyckt.jpeg
 Wikipedia.com/sensors/pirsensors.html
 Edaboard.com/r6507.html
 Pissokas, John and Malcolm, Chris (2001)
“Experiments with Sensors for Urban Search and Rescue Robots”
 Greer, Kerrow, & Abrantes (2002)
“Urban disaster environments and an approach to search and rescue
techniques”