This document describes a firefighting robot that uses sensors to detect fires and extinguish them autonomously. The robot has a microcontroller that controls motors and activates a water pump. Infrared, temperature, and proximity sensors detect the fire's location and send commands to the microcontroller to maneuver the robot. When in position, the robot stops and activates its water sprayer to extinguish the fire without human intervention. The robot is designed to protect firefighters and minimize risks from fires in hazardous environments like factories and fuel stations.

1.
Centre for Fire, Explosive & Environment
Safety (CFEES)
DRDO, Ministry of Defence
vibs
VIBHANSHU SINGH
ECE, 4th
Year

2. 
 This is movement based robot. It used to sense the fire
and spreads the water over that direction.
 Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires, i.e.; it
sprinkles water on to fire.
 The robotic vehicle is loaded with the water tanker and
a pump which is controlled by microcontroller.
Introduction

3. 
• The robotic vehicle consists of the following units:
• A rectangular base to support the whole robot
structure, attached to Four wheels for motion.
• Four DC motors to provide required movement to the
robot.
• Power is provided by 9.6 V rechargeable batteries
• Water tank is used to extinguish fire
• Consist of IR sensor and proximity Sensor.
• Consist of LM 35 sensor for temperature measurement.
Designing the Robot

4. 
 The robot vehicle loaded with the water tanker.
 The pump is controlled by an 8051 microcontroller.
 All motors are connected to the microcontroller.
 An IR sensor, Proximity sensor and LM35 are connected to
microprocessor.
 Using these sensors commands are sent to the microcontroller and
control moment of the robot like forward, backward, left, right.
 These sensors detect the fire and helps robot to extinguish fire.
 Once the robot reaches the desired location, then the robot stops
and activates the sprayer to that fire.
Working Principle

5. 
 The microcontroller is the most important part of the
design – acts as brain for robot
 Interfaces all sensors and motors
 Contains all code for robot operation
 Here 8051 microcontroller is used.
Microcontroller

6. 
 Sensors were needed to detect candle flame, exact
location of candle flame, temperature and robot’s
proximity to measure the distance from fire.
 Several sensors chosen
 IR Sensor
 LM 35 Temperature Sensor
 Proximity Sensors
Sensors

7. 
IR Sensors
 IR sensors use infra red light to sense objects in
front of them.
 A pulse of infra red light is emitted from the emitter
and spreads out in a large arc. If no object is
detected then the IR light continues forever and no
reading is recorded. However, if an object is nearby
then the IR light will be reflected and some of it will
hit the detector. This forms a simple triangle
between the object, emitter and detector. The
detector is able to detect the angle that the IR light
arrived back at and thus can determine the distance
to the object.

8. 
LM35 Temperature Sensor
 Temperature sensor is a device which senses variations in temperature across it. LM35 is
a basic temperature sensor. It give the readings in centigrade(degree Celsius)since its
output voltage is linearly proportional to temperature. It uses the fact that as
temperature increases, the voltage across diode increases at known rate(actually the
drop across base-emitter junction of transistor).
 Features
 Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)
 Rated for full l −55˚ to +150˚C range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Low self-heating,
 ±1/4˚C of typical nonlinearity

9.  A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence
of nearby objects without any physical contact.
 A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a
beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance),
and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object
being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's
target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different
sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric
sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an
inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target.
Proximity sensor

10. 
Block Diagram

11. 
 Prevention from dangerous incidents.
 Minimization of –ecological consequences –financial
loss –a threat to a human life.
 Protect fireman from risk their life.
 Provide facility to fire station to extinguish the fire.
Advantages

12. 
 Suitable for:
 Fire department
 Factory
 High explosion area
 chemical industries
 Petrol station
Applications

13. Experimental work has been carried out carefully.
The proposed method is verified to be great beneficial for the security
purpose and industrial purpose.
The project has been motivated by the desire to design a system that can
detect fires and take appropriate action, without any human intervention.
This provides us the opportunity to pass on to robots tasks that traditionally
humans had to do but were inherently life threatening.
It can be enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera so that the
person controlling it can view the operation of the robot remotely on a
screen.
Conclusions

14. 
Robotics References:
3. http://members.verizon.net/~vze2b2zf/robotpage.html
4. http://abrobotics.tripod.com/Snuffy/snuffy.htm
Part References:
5. http://bd.thrijswijk.nl/thrsim11/68hc11/about2.htm.
6. http://abrobotics.tripod.com/Snuffy/uvtron.htm
7. http://www.acroname.com
Book References:
8. Software and Hardware Engineering, Fredrick M. Cady,
Copyright 1997, Oxford University Press, Inc.
References