This document describes a human presence detection system using a PIR sensor to control room lighting. The system aims to automatically turn lights on when a person enters a room and turn them off when the room is empty. It uses a PIR sensor to detect movement and a microcontroller to process the sensor readings and control a relay that switches the lights. The microcontroller is programmed using C language. The system is intended to automatically control room lighting without manual operation, saving energy when the space is unoccupied.

1. Human Presence Detection Based Room Light Controller
Using PIR SENSOR
Guided by SUBMITTED BY
RAVI PRAKASH VERMA Nikhil Singhia
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) Ravindra Pathak
Rishabh Bajpai
14/04/2016

2. CONTENTS
Objectives
Working
Main Features
Hardware Used
Software Used
Microcontroller
PIR Sensor
Relay
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
Application
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3. OBJECTIVE
 This project will deal with a system which will provide a
Automatic room appliances controlling system
 If any person will enter in the room then this system will
detect his entry and automatically turn on the lights and fans
 One more feature is that, this system will not turn on the light
in day time it will on the light only in night time or when there
will be not enough light in the room
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4. WORKING
 PIR sensor will be first installed on the roof of the room
 PIR sensor will detect the reflected rays from surrounding
material
 If there will be any change in transmitted rays then PIR sensor
will detect this change and give signal to microcontroller
 Microcontroller will activate the relay and relay will turn ON
the room appliance
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5. MAIN FEATURES
 PIR based sensing
 Temperature based sensing
 Auto Light controlling
 Auto Fan controlling
 Microcontroller ATmega16
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6. HARDWARE USED
 Microcontroller ATmega16
 PIR Sensor
 12V Relay
 Appliances
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7. SOFTWARE USED
 All the software developed for this project will be loaded into
the memory of the ATmega16 microcontroller
 The language must be supported by the ATmega16 compiler
 The ATmega16 compiler supports C and Assembly
 Reasons for Selection C Programming Language
 Vast amount of online resources
 Ease of development
 Team members have experience of coding in C
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8. MICROCONTROLLER
 The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC
architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a
single clock cycle
 The ATmega16 achieves throughput approaching 1
MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to
optimize power consumption versus processing
speed
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9. Pin Diagram of ATmega 16
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10. PIR SENSOR
Operating principle:
• All objects with a temperature above absolute
zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation.
• Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it
radiates at infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by
electronic devices designed for such a purpose.
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11. • The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR
devices do not generate or radiate any energy for detection
purposes.
• They work entirely by detecting the energy given off by
other objects. PIR sensors don't detect or measure "heat";
instead they detect the infrared radiation emitted or
reflected from an object.
PIR SENSOR
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12. RELAY
 A relay is an electrically operated switch
 Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch,
but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relay
 Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes
multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from
overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions
are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays"
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Distribution Of Work into 6 Module:
• Module1: Selection and Purchasing of components
• Module2: Prototype PCB designing
• Module3: Mounting of components on PCB
• Module4: Hardware Testing and Final PCB designing
• Module5: Firmware coding
• Module6: Testing of Complete System

14. Circuit Diagram
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15. APPLICATION
 To “Turn ON” or “OFF” all outdoor Lights
 For Basement or Covered Parking Area
 Shopping Lift Lobby
 Multi Apartment Complexes
 Common staircases
 Malls
 For garden lights
 In security systems
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16. Q&A
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17. THANK YOU
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