This document describes a project to create a remote-controlled robot for bomb detection and rescue operations. The robot will use a metal detector, GPS, and wireless communication over Zigbee to locate bombs and transmit the position to rescuers. It will be controlled by an ARM7 microcontroller and can detect bombs without putting lives at risk. The project aims to develop an affordable, unmanned solution to improve bomb detection and rescue efforts.
An Smart Robot is an intelligent robot, which can automatically sense and overcome obstacles on its path, picking and dropping the object. It contains of a Microcontroller to process the data, and sensors to detect the obstacles on its path.
Wireless Radio Frequency Module Using PIC Microcontroller.Abee Sharma
It's An Microcontroller Based DIY Electronics Project. Named Wireless RF Module Using PIC Microcontroller. An RF module is a small electronic circuit used to transmit, receive, or transceive radio waves on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF modules are widely used in consumer applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote controls, smart sensor applications, weather monitoring system, RFID, wireless mouse technology and wireless home automation systems. They are often used instead of infrared remote controls as they have the advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation. Stay tuned for Furthur Links, Thanxx.
Created By: Abhi Sharma
Analysis and Construction of a Robot controlled by a Universal Remote ControlIJERD Editor
This paper aims at controlling a robot that is a tank like vehicle using a universal infrared remote
control. The infrared signal sent from the universal infrared remote control is received by IR receiver and
decoded by the microcontroller PIC16F873A using an algorithm embedded in the microcontroller. The output
from the microcontroller is fed to the motor driver which drives the left and right motors. The robot‟s motor
control can be speed controlled by using PWM/PDM (Pulse Width Modulation/ Pulse Duration Modulation)
technique
An Smart Robot is an intelligent robot, which can automatically sense and overcome obstacles on its path, picking and dropping the object. It contains of a Microcontroller to process the data, and sensors to detect the obstacles on its path.
Wireless Radio Frequency Module Using PIC Microcontroller.Abee Sharma
It's An Microcontroller Based DIY Electronics Project. Named Wireless RF Module Using PIC Microcontroller. An RF module is a small electronic circuit used to transmit, receive, or transceive radio waves on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF modules are widely used in consumer applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote controls, smart sensor applications, weather monitoring system, RFID, wireless mouse technology and wireless home automation systems. They are often used instead of infrared remote controls as they have the advantage of not requiring line-of-sight operation. Stay tuned for Furthur Links, Thanxx.
Created By: Abhi Sharma
Analysis and Construction of a Robot controlled by a Universal Remote ControlIJERD Editor
This paper aims at controlling a robot that is a tank like vehicle using a universal infrared remote
control. The infrared signal sent from the universal infrared remote control is received by IR receiver and
decoded by the microcontroller PIC16F873A using an algorithm embedded in the microcontroller. The output
from the microcontroller is fed to the motor driver which drives the left and right motors. The robot‟s motor
control can be speed controlled by using PWM/PDM (Pulse Width Modulation/ Pulse Duration Modulation)
technique
A microprocessor controlled automatic door opener including means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and either reverses door travel direction or ignores the detection. The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a preprogrammed sequence. The door control mechanism is able to differentiate between these internal factors and external obstructions.
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 moduleSunil Kumar Shesma
This is a Communication System Project(Electronics Engineering).In this project we are transmit the the voice signal by transceiver in different conditions
1.Normal Condition
2.Ab-normal Conditions(With interrupt input signals)
Contactless digital tachometer using microcontroller IJECEIAES
Tachometer is a device that used for counting or for the measuring purpose of the number of revolutions (that is the total number rotations made by the device in unit of measuring time) of an object in unit time. It is expressed in the unit of RPS or RPM, the model uses a set of infrared transducer receiver to count the RPM pulses, and the Arduino microcontroller is used for the implementation of the project. The individual pulses are counted by the microcontroller to give the final output of the RPM.
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry the parcels from one place to another, including harbors. Some times the lifting of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage to the parcels too. Application of the proposed system is for industries. The robot movement depends on the track. Use of this robot is to transport the materials from one place to another place in the industry.
A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. There are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. A robot can be controlled by a human operator, sometimes from a great distance. In such type of applications wireless communication is more important.
In robotic applications, generally we need a remote device to control. If we use IR remote device, it is just limited to meters distance and also if any obstacle is in between its path then there will be no communication. If we consider, RF modules for remote operations there is no objection whether an obstacle is present in its path. So that it is very helpful to control robot.
RF modules itself can generates its carrier frequency which is around 2.4 GHz. We need to generate serial data using micro controller and fed to the RF transmitting module. On other side RF receiver receives sent data as RF signals and given to another micro controller. Here, RF receiver itself demodulates the data from carrier signal and generate serial data as output.
This PPT explains about TV Remote Operated Domestic Appliances Control.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
A microprocessor controlled automatic door opener including means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and either reverses door travel direction or ignores the detection. The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a preprogrammed sequence. The door control mechanism is able to differentiate between these internal factors and external obstructions.
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 moduleSunil Kumar Shesma
This is a Communication System Project(Electronics Engineering).In this project we are transmit the the voice signal by transceiver in different conditions
1.Normal Condition
2.Ab-normal Conditions(With interrupt input signals)
Contactless digital tachometer using microcontroller IJECEIAES
Tachometer is a device that used for counting or for the measuring purpose of the number of revolutions (that is the total number rotations made by the device in unit of measuring time) of an object in unit time. It is expressed in the unit of RPS or RPM, the model uses a set of infrared transducer receiver to count the RPM pulses, and the Arduino microcontroller is used for the implementation of the project. The individual pulses are counted by the microcontroller to give the final output of the RPM.
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry the parcels from one place to another, including harbors. Some times the lifting of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage to the parcels too. Application of the proposed system is for industries. The robot movement depends on the track. Use of this robot is to transport the materials from one place to another place in the industry.
A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. There are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. A robot can be controlled by a human operator, sometimes from a great distance. In such type of applications wireless communication is more important.
In robotic applications, generally we need a remote device to control. If we use IR remote device, it is just limited to meters distance and also if any obstacle is in between its path then there will be no communication. If we consider, RF modules for remote operations there is no objection whether an obstacle is present in its path. So that it is very helpful to control robot.
RF modules itself can generates its carrier frequency which is around 2.4 GHz. We need to generate serial data using micro controller and fed to the RF transmitting module. On other side RF receiver receives sent data as RF signals and given to another micro controller. Here, RF receiver itself demodulates the data from carrier signal and generate serial data as output.
This PPT explains about TV Remote Operated Domestic Appliances Control.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
This project is to design and construct automatic object detection and destroying system. The system is designed to detect the target moving in multiple directions. The destroying system placed stationary in which ultrasonic sensor detects the object (target) and laser gun fires it upon fixing the target. This system consists of an Ultrasonic based object tracking system that continuously monitors the target. Upon detecting the target it sends the target's location to a Central Control System. Here, Microcontroller is the central control system and it takes the action of moving the firing mechanism in the direction of target. Upon fixing the direction, it sends the control command to firing system (laser gun) to attack the target. In order to move the destroying system to some other place user can operate it with the help of RF transmitter to control the movement of destroying system and here we are using MSP430 as a central control system.
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Automatic solider tracking & health monitoring system ijaranjani
Soldier is always facing death. He never shirks responsibility.
He fights in most difficult terrains, on hills and mountain, in plains and forest.
The defense of the country is his primary mission.
The role of soldier in safeguarding the frontiers of his modest land is unique. He lives and dies for the NATION. It is our responsibility to help our soldier.
Our future battle field system will have more difficulties to maintain security, because of increasing military competitive. Ability to understand, predict and adopt the vast array of inter-networked things is very difficult. Unwanted fire, unauthorized human intervention and other object movement will play major important role for affecting military environment. This project aims to help our future military environment by introducing new technology LoRaWAN in IoT (Internet of Things). LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a state -of- art commercial of the self (COTS) technology. This project consist of sensors, embedded microcontrollers equipped with LoRaWAN, embedded processors equipped with LoRaWAN and cloud technology. By introducing this new technology in our future military environment we can easily find out criminal activities and fire hazards.
This was my final year project based on embedded system
this is the code
http://downloads..com/download/24001476/code.rar.html
and the pcb are
http://downloads..com/download/24001498/pcb.rar.html
Ijeee 33-36-surveillance system for coal mines based on wireless sensor networkKumar Goud
Abstract: The foremost critical task for coal mine is of keeping track of miners spread out across a large mining areas .It becomes even difficult when mine tunnels collapse. Many mines use a radio system to track miners, but when a collapse occurs, the base stations connected by a thin wire often are rendered useless. In this project to overcome the demerits of radio system we used wireless technology for tracking the miners. For this purpose a small RF transmitter module is equipped to each person entering a mine. Each transceiver placed in the mine look after the location of miners. The transceivers communicate with base stations through Zigbee module. In addition of tracking the location of miners we also include sensors such as temperature & humidity to intimate the base station & miners when some atmosphere changes occur. Mine operators are now able to monitor the real-time locations of each miner to better pinpoint their locations in the event of an emergency. Even after a full-day of use, mine operators can locate an individual miner within ten feet.
Key Words: Wireless sensor networks (WSN), ZIGBEE, and LPC2148.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
4. In the present day scenario we are facing many threats by
bomb blasts
We have existing methods like human survillance for
bomb detection
so our project aim is to prepare a unmanned vehicle which
detects metal as bombs are usually made of metal.
5. The Aim of the project is to prepare a unmanned
vehicle which will detect the bomb.
It will not only detect the bomb but also position of bomb
by using gps module and the position of bomb will
intimated to the system through gsm module .
7. 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.
8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash
memory.
128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.
In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip
boot loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and
programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms.
Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging
with the on-chip Real Monitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction
execution.
USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.
In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to
USB by DMA.
8. Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare
channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.
Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock
input.
Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400
kbit/s),Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector
addresses.
Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package,
Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.
60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with
settling time of 100 μs.
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal 1 MHz to 25 MHz
Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.
9.
10. 32/16-bit RISC architecture (ARM v4T)
It is a family of general purpose 32 bit microprocessor
Two Instruction Sets:
32-bit ARM instruction set for maximum performance and flexibility
16-bit Thumb instruction set for increased code density
Unified bus interface, 32-bit data bus carries both instructions and data
Von Neumann Load/Store Architecture
Three-stage pipeline– Fetch, Decode and Execute Stage
32-bit ALU
Very small die size and low power consumption
Extensive debug facilities (EmbeddedICE debug unit accessible via JTAG
interface unit)
11. Extensive Range of Third-party Application Development Tools
High performance with low power cnsumption
8-, 16-, and 32-bit Data Types
Arm7TDMI has total of 37 registers
31 general purpose 32 bit registers
6 status registers
Arm 7TDMI has four memory cycles
Idle,
sequentional,
non sequentional,
coprocessor register transfer cycle
Arm7 has 7 modes of operation:
FIQ,IRQ,supervisor,abort,system,undefined,user
12. ARM7TDMI program staus register:
The bottom eight bits of a PSR are known collectively as the control bits. They are
the:
•interrupt disable bits .N,Z,C,V are condition code flags
•T bit
•mode bits.
The control bits change when an exception occurs. When the processor is
operating in a privileged mode, software can manipulate these bits.
Interrupt disable bits
The I and F bits are the interrupt disable bits:
•when the I bit is set, IRQ interrupts are disabled
•when the F bit is set, FIQ interrupts are disabled.
T bit
The T bit reflects the operating state:
•when the T bit is set, the processor is executing in Thumb state
•when the T bit is clear, the processor executing in ARM state.
13. Zig Bee Technology:
Features:
Works under the IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee standard with 2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz
dual PHY modes.
Standards-based wireless technology
Interoperability and worldwide usability
needed for only two major modes (Tx/Rx or Sleep),
Low data-rates ,low cost,
Ultra low power consumption
Channel access using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
(CSMA - CA)
Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices, 65,535 networks
14. Fully reliable “hand-shaked” data transfer protocol
Different topologies as illustrated below: star, peer-to-peer, mesh
Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency bands are fixed as 250 kbps
@2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and 20 kbps @868 MHz
50m typical range
Bandwidth is low compare to bluetooth and wifi
The Transceiver operates in five modes .They are
1. Idle Mode2. Receive mode 3. Transmit Mode 4. Sleep Mode 5. Command Mode
Simple design
Security
Reliability
15. Pin Diagram Of Zigbee:
Parameters
Operating frequency : 2.4GHz
Operating voltage : 3.3V
Transmitted power : 1mw
Range :
30m(urban area), 200m (LOS)
Data rate : 250Kbps
Operating temperature range : -40oC to
+80oC
Receiver sensitivity : -104dbm
Frequency range : 2.4 –
2.4875 GHz.
16. Power supply
Max 232
Lc293 motor driver IC
Inductive proximity sensor
PIR sensor
17. Power supply :
Power supply unit from where we get power supply to our unit and also we
convert ac to required dc voltage as per requirements.Incase if we don’t use ac power
supply we use 12v battery as input.
18. The max 232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-
232 serial port to signal suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuit.
19. L293d motordriver IC:
The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for
simultaneous, bi-directional control dc motors.
L293D a dual H‐Bridge motordriver,
DC motors which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter
clockwise direction
. You can make use of all the four I/Os to connect up to four DC
motors.L293D has output current of 600mA and peak output current of
1.2A per channel.
Moreover for protection of circuit from back EMF output diodes are
included
20. Inductive proximity sensor:
An inductive proximity sensor is a type of non-contact that is used to detect the
positioelectronic proximity sensor n of metal objects.
Inductive proximity sensors enable the detection, without contact, of metal objects
at distances of up to 60 mm.
High operating rates.
Fast response.
Excellent resistance to industrial environments
Solid state technology : no moving parts, therefore service life of sensor
independent of the number of operating cycles.
21. Working Of Sensor:
Inductive proximity sensors are solely for the detection of metal objects.
They basically comprise an oscillator whose windings constitute the sensing face.
An alternating magnetic field is generated in front of these windings.
When a metal object is placed within the magnetic field
generated by the sensor, the resulting currents induced form an
additional load and the oscillation causes
22. Passive infrared sensor(PIR):
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.
PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor .
PIR sensor can detect levels of infrared radiation.
27. It is most advanced technology
It is of low cost
By using this technology we can detect the bomb as
early as possible and dismannual it easily so that we
can easily save the life of the human beings.
we can use better sensors and high end modules to
detect metals more precisely.