This document discusses motion sensing and detection. It defines motion and sensors, and describes different types of motion sensors including active sensors like RADAR and LiDAR, and passive sensors like infrared sensors. It outlines various motion sensing technologies such as passive infrared, ultrasonic, and microwave sensing. Applications of motion sensing in devices like the Leap Motion controller, Kinect, and PlayStation Move are also covered.

1. Motion Sensing And
Detection
Prepared By:-
Nirav Soni
(120570107018)
29 October 2014
Guided By:-
Professor Sahista Machchhar
Computer Dept, MEFGI-R

2. Overview
• What is Motion??
• What is Sensing??
• Motion Sensing.
• Types of Motion Sensing.
• Application of Motion Sensing.
• Motion Controller.
• Some Motion Sensing Device.
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3. Motion
• In physics, motion is a change
in position of an object with respect to
time and its reference point.
• Motion is typically described in terms
of displacement, direction, velocity,
acceleration and time.
• Motion is the variation of a body with
respect to time.
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4. Sensor
• A sense is a physiological capacity of
organisms that provides data for perception.
• A sensor is a device which receives and
responds to a signal.
• A sensor (also called detector) is a converter
that measures a physical quantity and
converts it into a signal which can be read by
an observer or by an (electronic) instrument.
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5. Motion sensors
• The term ‘Motion sensors’ can be used to
refer to any kind of sensing system which is
used to detect motion; motion of any object
or motion of human beings.
• Motion sensors also called as motion
detector.
• Motion sensors are commonly used in
security systems as triggers for automatic
lights or remote alarms and similar
applications.
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6. Types of Motion sensors
• The way in which a motion sensor works
typically depends on the type of sensor
being used, which often depends on the
device that uses the sensor.
• There are two basic types of motion
sensors:
1). Active Sensors
2). Passive Sensors
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7. Active Sensors
• Active sensors emit a signal, typically an
burst of (light, microwaves or sound)
waves which is reflected by the
surroundings.
• The reflected signal is received by the
sensor and takes necessary action.
• When something moves within the area of
an active motion sensor, the change in
signal that is reflected to the sensor
activates the system.
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8. Continued..
• The active sensor is one of the most
common and reliable sensors used in a
security system.
• Advantages for active sensors include the
ability to obtain measurements anytime,
regardless of the time of day or season.
• Some examples of active sensors are:-
1. RADAR.
2. LiDAR.
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9. Passive Sensors
• Passive Sensors are a type of motion sensor
that do not emit a signal, but instead detect
infrared radiation around the sensor.
• As this sensor detects temperature
differences, it is well suited to detecting the
motion of people by their body temperature.
• When a person or animal moves through the
area, heat from the movement is detected by
the sensor, which then activates the system to
which it is connected.
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10. Continued..
• Turn lights on when a person is present in a
room.
• Remote Sensing
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11. Types of Motion Sensing
• Basically, there are many types of motion
sensing, but the major ones are as
mentioned below:-
1. Passive Infrared Motion Sensing.
2. Ultrasonic Motion Sensing.
3. Microwave Motion Sensing.
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12. Passive Infrared Motion Sensing
• PIR sensor detects a human being moving around
within approximately 10m from the sensor. This is
an average value, as the actual detection range is
between 5m and 12m.
• They are sensitive to person’s skin temperature
through emitted blackbody radiation on at mid
infrared wavelengths, in contrast to the objects at
room temperature.
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13. Continued..
• Infrared sensors are characterized by high
sensitivity, low cost and are widely used.
• An infrared motion detector can also be set to
only pick up on certain levels of heat, making
it possible to ignore small animals.
• Example:-
1. Automatic Door Opening System.
2. Proximity Sensors.
3. Automatic Counting Mechanisms.
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14. Ultrasonic motion sensing
• Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to
detect motion. If movement is detected, the
sound wave pattern is disrupted and alarm is
signaled.
• It senses motion by
analyzing sound waves in
its environment.
• These frequencies are generally inaudible to
humans and most animals and do not pass
through objects
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15. Continued..
• Active motion sensors generate sound waves in
the ultrasonic frequency range, typically around
30 to 50 kilohertz (kHz).
• When no objects are moving in the area, the
pattern of sound and the time it takes to bounce
back remain the same.
• If something moves, the detector senses that
the level or phase of the returning sound waves
has shifted slightly.
• Example:-
1. Ultrasound is also used in medical applications
for imaging and surgery
2. Sonar.
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16. Microwave motion sensing
• Microwave motion sensor systems send
out microwaves that bounce off an object
and back to the sensor.
• The sensor then reads the frequency of
the returning waves.
• If an object is moving, the sensor receives
different microwaves than the ones it sent
out, signifying movement and setting off
the alarm.
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17. Continued..
• These types of motion sensor systems cover a
larger area than infrared sensors, they are
capable of penetrating walls.
• They are more reliable over longer distances.
• Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.
• Despite this, they are the least popular motion
sensor system on the market because of their
cost.
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18. Accelerometers
• Accelerometers measure linear acceleration and
tilt angle.
• Single and multi-axis accelerometers detect the
combined magnitude and direction of linear,
rotational and gravitational acceleration. They
can be used to provide limited motion sensing
functionality.
• An accelerometer measures proper acceleration,
which is the acceleration it experiences relative
to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people
and objects.
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19. Continued…
• Examples:-
1. Accelerometers are used for simple motion
sensing applications such as changing the screen
of a mobile device from portrait to landscape
orientation.
2. Accelerometers can be used to measure vehicle
acceleration.
3. Notebook computers equipped with
accelerometers can contribute to the Quake-
Catcher Network (QCN), a BOINC project aimed at
scientific research of earthquakes.
4. Accelerometers are used to measure the motion
and vibration of a structure that is exposed to
dynamic loads.
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20. Continued…
5.Modern electronic accelerometers are used in
remote sensing devices intended for the
monitoring of active volcanoes to detect the
motion of magma.
6.Camcorders use accelerometers for image
stabilization. Still cameras use accelerometers for
anti-blur capturing.
7.Orientation sensing.
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21. Application
• The Motion Sensing has been precisely
and accurately used in the following
devices:-
1. Leap Motion Controller.
2. Kinect 360.
3. Play Station Move Controller.
4. Razer Hydra.
5. Wired glove.
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22. Leap Motion Controller
• The Leap Motion controller is a small USB peripheral
device which is designed to be placed on a physical
desktop, facing upward.
• Using two monochromatic IR cameras and three
infrared LEDs, the device observes a roughly
hemispherical area, to a distance of about 1 meter (3
feet).
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• The LEDs generate a 3D pattern of dots of IR light and the
cameras generate almost 300 frames per second of
reflected data, which is then sent through a USB cable to
the host computer, where it is analyzed by the Leap
Motion controller software

23. Kinect
29 October 2014
Kinect (codenamed in development as Project Natal) is a
line of motion sensing input
devices by Microsoft for Xbox 360 and Xbox One video
game consoles and Windows PCs
It enables users to control and interact with their
console/computer without the need for a game
controller, through a natural user interface using
gestures and spoken commands

24. Play Station Move
• The PlayStation Move motion controller
features an orb at the head which can glow in
any of a full range of colors using RGB light-emitting
diodes (LEDs)
• Based on the colors in the user environment
captured by the camera, the system
dynamically selects an orb color that can be
distinguished from the rest of the scene.
• The colored light serves as an active marker,
the position of which can be tracked along
the image plane by the camera.
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25. Wired glove
• A wired glove is an input device for human–
computer interaction worn like a glove.
• Various sensor technologies are used to capture
physical data such as bending of fingers.
• Often a motion tracker, such as a magnetic
tracking device or inertial tracking device, is
attached to capture the global position/rotation
data of the glove.
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26. References
• http://www.elprocus.com/pir-sensor-basics-applications/
• https://www.leapmotion.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_controll
er
• http://www.esa.int/Education/7._Active_sen
sors
• http://www.elprocus.com/motion-detector-circuit-
with-working-description-and-its-applications/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer
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27. Thank you
29 October 2014