Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule:Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion.• Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule:Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion.• Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
dermatological disease caused by bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus & Streptococcus pyrogen) contagious disease but it is easy to cure by taking oral antibiotics and topical antibiotic cream
An antifungal medication is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available OTC (over-the-counter).
Antifungals work by exploiting differences between mammalian and fungal cells to kill the fungal organism with fewer adverse effects to the host. Unlike bacteria, both fungi and humans are eukaryotes. Thus, fungal and human cells are similar at the biological level. This makes it more difficult to discover drugs that target fungi without affecting human cells. As a consequence, many antifungal drugs cause side-effects. Some of these side-effects can be life-threatening if the drugs are not used properly.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
dermatological disease caused by bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus & Streptococcus pyrogen) contagious disease but it is easy to cure by taking oral antibiotics and topical antibiotic cream
An antifungal medication is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available OTC (over-the-counter).
Antifungals work by exploiting differences between mammalian and fungal cells to kill the fungal organism with fewer adverse effects to the host. Unlike bacteria, both fungi and humans are eukaryotes. Thus, fungal and human cells are similar at the biological level. This makes it more difficult to discover drugs that target fungi without affecting human cells. As a consequence, many antifungal drugs cause side-effects. Some of these side-effects can be life-threatening if the drugs are not used properly.
All information regarding dermatitis definition, causes, risk factors , sign and symptoms and also related treatment and nursing care plan its useful in the nursing.
Are you tired of dealing with pesky fungal infections that refuse to go away?
Well, look no further!
In this guide, we will walk you through the most effective and natural remedies to cure fungal infections on your skin.
Say goodbye to the itchiness, redness, and discomfort – and hello to healthy, glowing skin!
So, let's dive right in and discover the secrets to naturally healing those stubborn fungal infections.
this ppt includes Minor ailments include common conditions such as dry skin, rashes, urticarial, skin trauma (cuts/scratches, scrapes, bruises), skin irritations (red, bumpy, scaly, itchy patches of skin, blisters).
As we are developing day by day and implementing new technologies to perform better in games and sports, we couldn’t deny the importance of hygiene in our field. As it is an important issue to discuss about “hygiene” is also included as a part of our subject in health education so that we can explore about it.
Hives, also known as urticarial, are a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy, and often red welts on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape and may appear on any part of the body and can cause damage to skin if not treated by best dermatologist on proper time. Hives are usually caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances or triggers.
Fungal Infection (pharmacology and rehab)KarimFarhat7
I'll provide a brief overview of fungal infections, covering their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. If you have specific questions or need more details on any aspect, feel free to ask.
---
**Fungal Infections: Understanding the Basics**
Fungal infections, also known as mycoses, are caused by various types of fungi that can invade the body and lead to a range of health issues. Fungi are organisms similar to plants but lacking chlorophyll, making them unable to produce their own food through photosynthesis. Instead, they obtain nutrients from other organic matter.
**1. Types of Fungi Responsible for Infections:**
Fungal infections can be caused by different types of fungi, including yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes. Common fungal species that cause infections in humans include Candida, Aspergillus, and dermatophytes like Trichophyton.
**2. Causes and Risk Factors:**
Fungal infections can occur when fungi enter the body through various means, such as inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with the skin. Certain factors increase the risk of fungal infections, including weakened immune systems, underlying health conditions, prolonged use of antibiotics, and environmental exposure.
**3. Common Types of Fungal Infections:**
- **Candidiasis:** A yeast infection caused by Candida species, often affecting areas like the mouth, genital region, and skin folds.
- **Aspergillosis:** Caused by the Aspergillus species, commonly affecting the respiratory system.
- **Ringworm:** A dermatophyte infection that affects the skin, nails, or scalp.
**4. Symptoms and Clinical Presentation:**
Symptoms of fungal infections vary depending on the type and location of the infection. Common signs include itching, redness, swelling, rashes, and in some cases, systemic symptoms like fever and fatigue.
**5. Diagnosis:**
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare professionals may use various methods, including laboratory tests, imaging studies, and clinical examination, to identify the type and extent of the fungal infection.
**6. Treatment Options:**
Treatment of fungal infections often involves antifungal medications. These can be topical, oral, or intravenous, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Additionally, addressing underlying health conditions and improving immune function may be crucial for successful treatment.
**7. Prevention Strategies:**
Preventing fungal infections involves adopting good hygiene practices, avoiding contact with contaminated surfaces, and addressing risk factors such as diabetes or immunosuppression. Proper antifungal prophylaxis may be recommended in specific situations.
**8. Emerging Research and Therapies:**
Ongoing research aims to improve our understanding of fungal infections and develop more effective therapies. This includes exploring new antifungal agents, understanding the role of the microbiome, and developing vaccines.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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How to prevent fungal skin infections
1.
2. Definition of Fungal Infections:
A Fungal Infection is an
inflammatory infection in
which fungi invade the
skin or other body
tissues. Some types of
fungal infections can be
mild, such as a rash on
the skin, however they
can be severe, such as
fungal pneumonia.
3. Types of fungal skin infections
Dermatophyte infections
Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis)
Nail infections (Tinea unguium)
Ringworm of the body (Tinea corporis)
Ringworm of the groin (Tinea cruris)
Ringworm of the scalp (Tinea capitis)
4. Types of fungal skin infections
Yeast infections
Intertrigo
Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor)
Thrush (Candida albicans)
Some fungal skin infections are caused by yeast
infections, such as the following.
5. Symptoms of fungal skin infections
The symptoms and appearance of a fungal skin infection depend on the type of fungus
that has caused it. They will also depend on which part of your body is affected.
Fungal rashes are sometimes confused with other skin conditions, such as psoriasis
and eczema.
Fungal skin infections can cause a variety of different skin rashes. Some are red, scaly
and itchy. Others may produce a fine scale, similar to dry skin. The fungus can affect
just one area, or several areas of your body. If you get a fungal infection of your scalp,
you may lose some hair.
If you have any of these symptoms, see your GP for advice.
6. Diagnosis of fungal skin infections
Your GP will ask about your symptoms and examine you. He or she may also ask you
about your medical history.
Your GP will usually diagnose fungal skin infections by looking at the appearance of
your skin and the location of any rash. He or she may take a scrape of your skin or a
fragment of your nail or hair. Your GP will send this sample to a laboratory for testing
to confirm the diagnosis.
7. Treatment of fungal skin infections
Self-help
Your GP will advise you to make sure you dry the affected area thoroughly after
washing, especially in the folds of your skin.
Medicines
You will usually need to use an antifungal treatment that you put directly onto the
affected area of your skin. These are known as topical treatments. There are a variety
of treatments available in the form of creams, lotions, paints, shampoos and
medicated powders. Some of these are available over the counter from a pharmacist,
without prescription. Always read the patient information leaflet that comes with your
medicine and if you have any questions, ask your pharmacist for advice.
8. Treatment of fungal skin infections
Medicines
If you have a rash that covers a large area of your skin or affects your nails or scalp,
you may need to take tablets. Your GP may also prescribe you tablets if you have used
a topical treatment that hasn’t worked. These treatments can occasionally cause side-
effects, which include skin irritation and stomach problems.
Your symptoms may return, even if they seem to have cleared up. It's important to
continue with your treatment for up to two weeks after your symptoms disappear.
You may need to take some treatments for a few weeks, or up to four to 12 months
for toenail infections.
9. Causes of fungal skin infections
are overweight
don’t dry your skin fully after bathing
come into contact with a person or animal with a fungal skin infection
come into contact with contaminated items, for example, clothes, towels and
bedclothes
walk barefoot in shower and pool areas
wear tight clothing that doesn’t allow sweat to evaporate
have poorly controlled diabetes
have recently taken a course of antibiotics
are pregnant
have a weakened immune system, for example, HIV/AIDS
10. Prevention of fungal skin infections
Dry your skin thoroughly after you have a bath.
Wash your socks, clothes and bed linen frequently to remove any fungi.
Wear clean flip-flops or plastic shoes in damp, communal areas, such as showers,
saunas and swimming pools.
Wear loose fitting clothes that are made of cotton or a material designed to keep
moisture away from your skin.
Don't share towels, hair brushes and combs that could be carrying any fungi.
Alternate pairs of shoes every two or three days to give them time to dry out.
If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control.
Soak pillows, hats, combs or scissors with bleach and water if someone in your
family has scalp ringworm.