1) The document discusses bacteriology, sanitation, and sterilization as they relate to personal service work.
2) It defines various microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and explains the differences between them. It also discusses diseases caused by pathogens.
3) Proper sanitation and sterilization techniques are important to prevent disease transmission between clients and includes handwashing, glove usage, disinfection, and sterilization of equipment.
Sterilisation & disinfection /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Sterilisation & disinfection /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Sterilization and disinfection in dental clinics /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Sterilisation & disinfection /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Sterilization and disinfection in dental clinics /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Sterilisation & disinfection /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION BY DR RAHUL ACHARYA.pptrahulacharya52
sterilization using chemical methods, sterilization using physical methods, sterilization using sun light, heat, autoclave, hot air oven . tindalisation, inspisation .
this presentation involves the various sterilization and asepsis procedure that can be carried out in our dental clinics for proper maintenance of surgical as well as other procedures.
Similar to H 2 bacteriology, sanitation, and sterilization (20)
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Learning Objectives
1.) Differentiate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic
organisms.
2.) Describe the 3 different types of bacteria and the diseases they
cause.
3.) Differentiate between bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
4.) Describe hepatitis and HIV, how they are spread, and how
transmission can be prevented.
3. Learning Objectives continued
5.) Understand disease causation and prevention.
6.) List the various methods of sterilization and disinfectants as
they pertain to the salon/clinic.
7.) Apply the principles of hygiene, sanitation, sterilization, and
good housekeeping.
5. Personal Service Worker
You will be a PSW!
An individual whose work brings them into direct contact with
other individuals
Health care professionals and allied health workers
Allows for the possibility of the transmission and spread of
contagious diseases (through coughing, sneezing, unclean hands,
instruments and work areas, sharing of eating and drinking utensils
6. Questions you need to ask yourself
What surfaces or equipment do I touch in my treatment
area?
What surfaces and tools do my clients come into contact
with?
Imagine red paint covering everything.
7. Microbiology
Branch of biology that deals with micro- organisms
Microbes include: bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae
9. Bacteria – The big picture
Most are nonpathogenic
Found EVERYWHERE! Air, water, all over and in our
bodies, in foods, in medicines
Beneficial
Ex. Saprophytes – decompose waste and dead matter (used
in fertilizer)
10. Conditions to grow Bacteria
Thrive in damp, warm, dark places with a food source; some
can survive in dry, cool, well-lighted.
11. Unfavorable Conditions
During unfavorable conditions, bacteria form spores
Spores protect the bacteria until more favorable conditions arise
Remain for long periods and can be transmitted
Endospore – allow bacteria to resist heat, antiseptics,
disinfectants, antibiotics
Ability to kill endospores along with the other bacteria allows for
complete sterilization.
13. Coccus
Produce pus
3 common cocci:
Diplococcus – pairs; causes pneumonia
Staphylococcus – bunches; folliculitis, abscesses, boils, pimples
Streptococcus – chains; blood poisoning, strep throat
Transmitted through air, dust, and substances in which they are
found
14. Bacillus
Most common, most harmful, most difficult to destroy
Causes tuberculosis, tetanus, diphtheria, typhoid fever
Have flagella or cilia to help propel themselves through
liquids
16. Bacterial Infection
May enter through mouth, nose, eyes, ears, broken skin
causing an infection
Infection can be localized in form of pus or carried
throughout the blood stream causing a general infection
17. Fungi
Plant and vegetable parasites
Ex. Yeasts, molds, mildews
Many are useful and beneficial
Nature’s main decomposers
Causes athlete’s foot and ringworm or if inhaled, attacks lung
tissue causing chest ailments
18. Viruses
Cannot live or reproduce on their own
Once host is found, they multiply, cause damage and possibly
death to cells
Made of an outer coating of protein and DNA or RNA on the
inside
19. Treatment
Viruses are difficult to treat or control b/c antibiotics DO
NOT destroy them
Symptoms can be treated, but not the virus itself
20. Viruses of Concern
Hepatitis, common cold, influenza, measles, chicken pox,
mumps, genital herpes, herpes simplex, mononucleosis, and
HIV.
21. Protozoa
Single celled animal microbe
Found in water, foods, plants, blood, body fluids
Ex. Amoeba – causes dysentery
Ex. Malaria – carried by mosquitoes
22. Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by alcohol abuse, medications,
injury, certain viruses
4 main types:
HAV
HBV
HCV
HDV (spread only when HBV is present)
23. HAV
Spread by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces
Found when hands are not washed after using the restroom
24. HBV
More serious than HAV
Transmitted mainly through contaminated needles, saliva,
semen, vaginal fluid
Same methods of transmission as HCV
25. HCV
Not as devastating as HBV
Transmittable through blood and saliva
Sexual intercourse
Needle sharing
Needle-stick accidents
Pregnancy
Blood transfusions
Contact nonintact skin with nonintact skin of infected person,
razors, toothbrushes
27. Universal Precautions
Assume each client might be infected
Guidelines set forth by CDC
Hand washing
Glove usage
PPE (personal protection equipment) lab coats, masks, goggles
Handling and disposal of needles, probes, lancets, other sharp
tools
28. HIV
Virus that causes AIDS
Cannot “catch” AIDS, but you can acquire HIV which leads to
AIDS
Acquired through:
Sexual intercourse
Needle sharing
Pregnancy transmission
Blood transfusion
Contact nonintact skin with nonintact skin of infected person
29. HIV
CANNOT be transmitted through:
Blood donation
Insect bites
Casual contact (kissing, hugging, etc)
Airborne
Surfaces (doorknobs, phones, etc.)
Food and water
30. Sanitation
Significant reduction in the number of pathogens on a surface
through cleaning
NOT TOTAL elimination
Meticulous cleaning is essential before disinfecting or
sterilizing to remove debris
32. Hand Washing Procedure
1.) Remove all jewelry.
2.) Wet hands with tepid water.
3.) Apply soap and lather 10 – 15 seconds (sing Happy Birthday).
Rub vigorously, pay attention to fingernails and between fingers.
4.) Rinse thoroughly until all lather is removed.
33. Hand Washing procedure cont
5.) Dry hands thoroughly with clean, disposable paper towels.
6.) Use paper towels to turn off faucets.
7.) Discard paper towels in a lined foot-pedal bin.
34. When do I wash my hands?
BEFORE and AFTER each client
BEFORE and AFTER gloves are worn
If you need to leave treatment room or to touch a door
handle during service.
Immediately after accidental contact with blood or other
bodily fluids
After using a tissue to wipe mucus from eyes, nose, or
mouth
After using hands to cover mouth for a cough or a sneeze.
35. Glove Guidelines
New pair should be used with each client
Discard gloves that are torn or punctured. Hands should be
rewashed and a new pair of gloves donned.
Vinyl vs. latex
Question patient on latex allergies
Wear gloves during cleaning and handling of instruments.
Wear gloves when handling disinfectants and antiseptics.
36. Antiseptics
Formulated to prevent, retard, or stop bacterial growth
Not as strong as disinfectants but safe to use on the skin
SANITIZES DOES NOT DISINFECT
Bacteriostats and fungistats do not kill germs!
Temporarily inhibit growth, growth resumes when static properties
have worn off.
37. Disinfection
Term used for the reduction of microorganisms on a surface.
Not all spores and endospores will be destroyed
Follow MSDS on instructions and guidelines for use
38. Disinfection
Disinfectants are used to kill bacteria and certain viruses on
nonporous surface areas and tools.
Not suitable for human skin
Exception: 70% ethyl alcohol or 99% isopropyl alcohol used
on skin will disinfect
39. Types of Disinfectants
One-step cleaners
Clean, disinfect, and deodorize all at once
Two-step cleaners
Require general cleaning before disinfecting, are more
corrosive, have a strong odor, and require careful measuring
for dilution and use.
Ex. glutaraldehyde
40. Housekeeping
Equipment and work surfaces (carts and cabinets) should be
disinfected regularly between clients.
Regular and routine housekeeping on way of maintaining state of
asepsis
Condition in which no living disease-causing microorganisms are
present.
41. Sterilization
Should be habitual and ongoing.
Goal: Complete elimination of ALL forms of bacteria,
especially endospores and viruses.
2 types of sterilization: physical and chemical
42. Physical Sterilization
Steam-heat sterilization
Autoclave applies steam heat under pressure
Dry-heat sterilization
Forced air-oven most popular in hospitals
Irradiation (light rays)
Considered ineffective on HBV
Boiling
43. Chemical Sterilization
Liquid
Instruments submersed in 2% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution
Fumigation
Ethylene oxide in a sealed cabinet
44. Eye Shields
Clean with soap and water, rinse and dry thoroughly
Suspected conjunctivitis (a sty) or other possibly contagious
disorder, eye shields must be sterilized
45. Postexposure Strategies
In the event skin is punctured:
1.) Excuse yourself, do not alarm the client.
2.) Wash hands, allow wound to bleed out.
3.) Apply antiseptic and Bandaid.
4.) Record client’s name, date, and time of treatment.
5.) Resume tx, with bandaid and gloves.
6.) Keep accurate account of following patient names.
7.) Get tested for HIV/HBV.
46. 1.) What is the difference between
bacteria and a virus? (4)
Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, viruses cannot.
Bacteria live and reproduce on their own, viruses require a host.
Bacteria can form spores to survive until more favorable
conditions arise, viruses cannot.
Viruses contain DNA or RNA, bacteria do not.
47. 2.) Name two ways HIV can be
transmitted and two ways it
cannot.
Can be transmitted: Cannot be transmitted
Sexual intercourse Blood donation
Needle sharing Insect bites
Pregnancy Casual contact (kissing,
Blood transfusions hugging, etc)
Contact nonintact skin Airborne
with nonintact skin of Surfaces (doorknobs,
infected person phones, etc.)
Food and water
48. 3.) What is the difference between
disinfection and sanitation?
Disinfection is the reduction of pathogens except for spores
and endospores; is used on nonporous surfaces and tools,
NOT skin.
Sanitation is a significant reduction of pathogens; mostly for
skin.
49. 5.) Name two FDA/EPA methods of
sterilization.
Autoclave (steam-heat)
Dry-heat sterilization
Irradiation (UV)
Boiling
Liquid (2% glutaraldehyde)
Fumigation (ethylene oxide)
50. 6.) How should eye shields be
cleaned? When should they be
sterilized?
Cleaned with soap and water, rinsed, and dried.
Must be sterilized if used by client with contagious disorder.
51. 7.) How is sterilization different
from sanitation and disinfection?
It is the complete elimination of ALL forms of bacteria,
especially endospores and viruses.
52. 8.) Which is the lowest level of
decontamination? Give an
example.
Sanitation
Washing hands
53. 9.) What are the 3 shapes of
bacteria?
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
54. 10.) Which bacteria is responsible
for folliculitis and pimples?
Staphylococcus
55. 11.) What is hepatitis? What are
the 6 ways HBV is transmitted?
Inflammation of the liver.
Sexual intercourse
Needle sharing
Needle-stick accidents
Pregnancy
Blood transfusions
Contact nonintact skin with nonintact skin of infected person,
razors, toothbrushes
56. 12.) Explain the difference
between pathogenic and
nonpathogenic bacteria.
Pathogenic are disease causing bacteria.
Nonpathogenic are harmless and helpful.
57. 13.) Universal precautions tell us to
assume what?
EVERYONE is infected regardless of sex, race, age, etc.
58. 14.) Explain the appropriate way to
wash your hands.
1.) Remove all jewelry.
2.) Wet hands with tepid water.
3.) Apply soap and lather 10 – 15 seconds (sing Happy
Birthday). Rub vigourously, pay attention to fingernails
and between fingers.
4.) Rinse thoroughly until all lather is removed.
5.) Dry hands thoroughly with clean, disposable paper
towels.
6.) Use paper towels to turn off faucets.
7.) Discard paper towels in a lined foot-pedal bin.
59. 15.) When must you wash your
hands?
BEFORE and AFTER each client
BEFORE and AFTER gloves are worn
If you need to leave treatment room or to touch a door
handle during service.
Immediately after accidental contact with blood or other
bodily fluids
After using a tissue to wipe mucus from eyes, nose, or
mouth
After using hands to cover mouth for a cough or a
sneeze.
60. 16.) During a treatment, your glove
is torn. What do you do?
Discard gloves.
Wash hands.
Put on a new pair of gloves.
62. 18.) When should equipment and
work surfaces be disinfected?
Between EACH client!
63. 19.) When should you wear
gloves?
When working with patients.
During cleaning and handling of instruments.
When handling disinfectants and antiseptics.
64. 20.) What is the middle level of
decontamination?
Disinfection