How to plot a good graph
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This document provides guidance on creating high-quality graphs with proper scaling, labeling, plotting of points, and calculating gradients. Key steps include using a scale where each small unit on the graph represents 1-5 units of the variable, labeling the axes with the variables and units, plotting points according to the values in the table, drawing a best-fit smooth line passing through most points, and using a triangle that covers half the line to calculate the gradient without using actual plotted points. Following these techniques will result in clear, accurate graphs.
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This document discusses different types of lines used in dimensioning including visible, hidden, and center lines. It describes dimensioning elements such as dimension lines, extension lines, arrow heads, and leader lines. The document outlines different types of dimensioning including location, size, and mating dimensions. It provides examples of dimensioning methods like aligned and unidirectional and arrangements including chain, parallel, and combined dimensions. Finally, the document discusses rules for proper dimensioning including placement of dimensions, avoiding unnecessary dimensions, and dimensioning various shapes and features.
Technical Drawing tools
Topic: Basic Technical Drawing Measuring and tools
Research by: KM CLAUDIO
For students who take the subject Technical DRawing
engineering drawing civil
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1. Fasten paper to a drafting board by taping down the corners and edges.
2. Use drafting tools like a compass to draw circles of a given radius centered on a point.
3. Draw different types of lines like horizontal, vertical, visible, and hidden lines.
4. Apply geometric techniques such as bisecting lines and angles, drawing parallel and perpendicular lines, and constructing triangles from given dimensions.
Week 27 on line chapter 2 plan drawing
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Dimensioning / Acotación
The document provides guidelines for dimensioning drawings:
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- Dimension lines must be kept apart from drawings and have extension lines exceeding them.
- Dimension lines cannot match or prolong edges or axes and not cross other lines.
- Parallel dimensions place smaller values closer. Diameters use "Ø" and radii use "R" symbols and follow arch directions.
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The document discusses various types of lines, lettering styles, dimensioning methods, and rules used in engineering drawings. It describes vertical and inclined lettering and provides guidelines on letter sizes, styles, and placement. Dimensioning methods like chain, parallel, progressive, and coordinate dimensioning are explained along with rules for dimensioning different features, placing dimensions, and indicating tolerances and surface finishes. Arrows are used to terminate dimension lines and standard styles are described.
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This document discusses dimensioning techniques used in technical drawings. It defines key terms used in dimensioning like dimension lines, extension lines, arrowheads, and leaders. It also describes different systems for placing dimensions, such as the aligned system where dimensions are read from the bottom or right edge, and the unidirectional system where all dimensions are read from the bottom edge and dimension lines are broken in the middle. The document provides details on best practices for dimensioning technical drawings to ensure precise communication of object sizes and feature locations.
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Diagrams are visual representations of statistical data that are simple, easy to understand, and allow for quick comparison. Common types include bar charts, pie charts, and pictograms. Effective diagrams are clear, appropriately scaled and labeled, and chosen based on the type of data and intended audience. Histograms and frequency polygons are graphic representations used to display frequency distributions.
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Diagrams are visual representations of statistical data that are simple, easy to understand, and allow for quick comparison. Common types include bar charts, pie charts, and pictograms. Effective diagrams are clearly labeled, use appropriate scales, and maintain proportions to accurately represent the relationships and patterns in the data without overwhelming the reader with unnecessary complexity or details.
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The document provides an introduction to engineering drawing concepts. It covers drawing instruments, lines and their meanings, lettering techniques, dimensioning, geometric constructions, and representation of materials. The introduction defines engineering drawing and its importance. It then describes drawing tools like the drawing board, mini-drafter, pencils, scales, templates and more. It explains the different types of lines used in drawings and their purposes. The document outlines methods for lettering, dimensioning, and performing geometric constructions. It also includes tables showing line types, letter sizes, and material representations.
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Drawing standards specify sizes for drawing sheets from A0 to A4, with successive smaller sizes having the same length to width ratio. Drawings should include a title block with information like the sheet size and scale. Different line types like continuous, dashed and center lines are used to represent visible, hidden and symmetrical features. Dimensions are expressed without units and placed outside views to fully describe components. Standard lettering sizes and styles are specified to ensure legibility.
Week 2 drawing the plan moodle
1) The document provides instructions for drawing an accurate scale plan of a garden site from survey measurements. It lists necessary equipment like paper, rulers, pencils, and protractors and recommends a scale of 1:50 or 1:100 for most gardens.
2) It describes how to orient the paper with North at the top and draw reference lines to indicate the alignment of structures. Features are drawn to scale by plotting measured points and joining them.
3) Offsets and triangulated points are plotted using rulers and protractors. The plan is checked using a measured distance before final inking. Completing the title block finishes the plan.
Drawing tools unit 1
This document provides instructions for constructing and using different types of scales for technical drawing. It includes:
1. An overview of plain, diagonal, comparative, Vernier and cord scales. Plain scales can measure dimensions to one decimal place, while diagonal and Vernier scales provide more precision up to two decimals.
2. Examples of how to construct plain scales to specified ratios to measure distances and time intervals on technical drawings. This includes dividing lines into units, labeling scales, and indicating values.
3. Three practice problems for students to construct plain scales showing distances, calculate representative factors, and indicate values on the scales. This helps students learn how to appropriately scale measurements for technical drawings.
practical geometry
This presentation provides an overview of engineering drawing topics including:
- The purpose of engineering drawings is to provide all necessary information for constructing manufactured objects, including their actual shape and accurate size.
- Standard sheet sizes for drawings are defined.
- The different types of lines used in drawings are described, including visible, hidden, center, dimension, extension, and leader lines.
- Dimensioning conventions like placement, arrow styles, and lettering are covered.
- Drawing scales are explained as the ratio of a drawing measurement to the actual measurement, with common scale designations.
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How to plot a good graph
- 1. #truestory
- 2. Characteristics Remember the acronym SLAP Scale Line Axis Points
- 3. Scale First and last points to cover more than half the graph paper in both directions unless prevented by certain conditions specified in the question Avoid awkward scales e.g. 2 cm is used to represent 3 units making it impossible to read each small square accurately. Recommended scale – 2 cm to represent 1, 2, 5 units of the variable (or 0.1, 20, 500 etc). show the area covered by 1st and last points and indicate at least 6 squares vertically and at least 5 squares horizontally
- 4. Scale
- 5. Line Use sharp pencil to draw thin, neat and smooth line or curve. Best fit straight line or curve means Passing through as many points as possible. Equal points are on either side of line, for points that do not pass through the line. No point is too far from line or curve. (Except anomalous points)
- 6. Line Extend line beyond first and last points and the line should be as long as possible. Use a 30-cm long ruler for practical to draw straight line.
- 7. Axis Axes are correctly labelled with correct physical quantities and units (in solidus notation). Use more markings to prevent wrong reading of scale. Plot a graph of Variable 1 (Vertical Axis) against Variable 2 (Horizontal Axis)
- 8. Points Mark the data points clearly with neat thin small crosses. Points must be plotted according to the values in the table. Read the scales carefully.
- 9. #likeaboss
- 10. Gradient
- 11. Gradient The triangle used should cover at least half of the line drawn. The triangle should be drawn in dotted line and do not mark the points used with crosses. Indicate the coordinates to be used. The coordinates must be on the line.
- 12. Gradient Do not use plotted/ data points to calculate gradient. Use other coordinates. Show complete working as to how gradient is obtained. Values read from graph should be according to the number of decimal places of the scales used.
- 13. Example (no units for gradient, but units required for R)
- 14. Example Gradient = 1.60 Using y = mx + c, and the coordinates (0.35, 0.75), 0.75 = (1.60)(0.35) + c c = 0.19