2. Learning Standard
Compare distances between the Sun and the planets in the Solar System
using astronomical units (a.u.) and light years.
Construct a table to compare and contrast the planets in the Solar
System with the Earth.
Explore the possible relationship based on the planets’ characteristics
and explain the relationship including anomalies that may arise.
Reason and make analogies in hypothetical situations related to the
Solar System.
Justify the Earth as the most ideal planet for life based on data collected.
4. Comparison of Planet Distances in the
Solar System from the Sun
Astronomical Unit (A.U.)
The average distance between the Earth &
the Sun i.e. approximately 93 million miles OR
150 million kilometres
1 A.U. = 1.5 X 10⁸ km
5. Comparison of Planet Distances in the
Solar System from the Sun
Light Years (ly)
The distance travelled by light in one
year
Velocity of light (Halaju cahaya) = 300
000 km per ssecond
1 ly = 9.5 X 10¹² km
6. Converting Units between Astronomical
Unit, Light Years and Kilometres
To converts unit between A.U. with km:-
To converts unit between ly with km:-
10. Planets in the Solar System
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
11. Mercury
The closest planet to the Sun (57.9
million km)
Smallest planet (diameter: 40%
smaller than Earth, 40% larger than
Moon)
Cratered surface
There is no atmosphere, light cannot
be scattered, the sky looks like outer
12. Venus
The second planet from the Sun
A 'greenhouse' planet - has a high
carbon dioxide content
Rotates from east to west – The sun
rises from the west
Same size & age as Earth, temperature
around 460 °C
13. Earth
The third planet from the Sun
The only planet inhabited by living
things
Has a layer of air (atmosphere) –
protects the Earth's surface from the
solar wind, harmful ultraviolet rays,
and radiation from outer space
14. Mars
Fourth planet from the Sun (Red
Planet)
Has two moons (Phobos & Demos)
From Earth, the atmosphere of Mars
has two distinct regions (brighter –
covered in dust & reddish sand, polar
– frozen water & carbon dioxide)
15. Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun
The biggest planet
Mass – 320 times that of Earth, 2 times
the total mass of all planets
Earth Protector (has a strong
gravitational force), capable of deflecting
large objects from hitting the Earth
16. Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun
The second largest planet
‘Giant gas’ planet
Has a ring or ring system (ice & small
amounts of rock fragments & dust)
62 months (natural satellite)
17. Uranus
The seventh planet from the Sun
The third largest planet
‘Giant gas’ planets (first elements are ice &
rock)
Has a thin and dark ring
Its axis of rotation is tilted to the side –
almost parallel to its orbit around the Sun
It takes 84 years (Earth time) to go around
the Sun
18. Neptune
The eighth planet from the
Sun
‘Giant gas’ planet
It takes 165 years (Earth
time) to go around the Sun
27. Relationship between Planet
Temperature and Sun
In theory, planets that are closer to the Sun
receive more heat than planets that are
farther from the Sun
But, the actual situation is as in the table:-
28. Planets without atmosphere:-
Mercury
The Sun's rays directly reach the
surface – the side facing the Sun is
very hot (>427 °C)
The side not facing the Sun is very
cold (-173 °C)
29. Planets with an
atmosphere:-
Earth
Have clouds that reflect the Sun's
rays back into space
Greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere trap some of the heat
32. Planets with an
atmosphere:-
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, &
Neptune
The surface is covered with gas
Receiving little sunlight, the
surface temperature is very low
34. The Relationship between
Density and Gravitational Pull of
the Planets
The gravitational pull of a planet
depends on the mass & density of the
planet:-
35. Earth's gravitational pull = 9.8
msˉ²
When an object is released at a certain
height, the object falls with an
acceleration of 9.8 meters per second
at each instant
36. The gravitational pull of Mercury &
Mars is lower than that of Earth
The mass of the planet is lower than the
mass of the Earth
Venus's gravitational pull is
almost the same as Earth's
The mass of the planet is almost the
same as the mass of the Earth
37. Jupiter's gravitational pull is much
greater than Earth's
The mass of the planet is much higher than
the mass of Earth (although the density is
low)
The gravitational pull of Saturn,
Uranus, & Neptune is not very high
compared to Earth
Very high mass but low density planets
41. All planets rotate on their
axes at different angles of
inclination
All planets rotate from west to
east (except Venus – from
east to west, & Uranus –
sideways)
43. If the Earth rotates more slowly or
stops rotating:-
Long day & night time
Increase in desert areas – in areas
facing the Sun
Temperature decreases – in areas not
facing the Sun
The time of tide will change
44. Natural Satellites
Is a body that surrounds the planet with its own orbit.
Earth :- Moon
The Moon revolves around the Earth in its orbit and
rotates on its axis
The period of rotation of the Moon & the Moon's orbit
around the Earth - 27 days (the same surface of the
Moon facing the Earth)
The size of the Earth is 4 times the size of the Moon
46. Characteristics
of the Earth
A lot of water
content
High oxygen
content
Has a gravitational
pull Receive
sunlight
Covered by
atmosphere
(blocks harmful
radiation)
Has a suitable
temperature range
47. Ecological Footprint
A measure of the ability of water & land to
provide the resources humans need
A measure of Earth's ability to absorb all
human waste & regenerate resources
Resource ratio measurements for 6 areas
(carbon footprint, built-up areas, forests,
agricultural areas, livestock areas &
fishing areas) in the form of human
footprints
48. If the ecological footprint exceeds the
Earth's ability to renew resources, the
Earth will run out of resources
Different for each country
