SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 3.pdf

Earth and Life
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3
The Earth’s Internal Heat
Senior High School

2
Earth and Life Science – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: The Earth’s Internal Heat
Second Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Cebu City
Office Address: New Imus Road, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone No.: (032) 253 2559
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Compiler/Writer: Maria Rosandee F. Tabada
Content Editors/Reviewers:
Ms. Celia C. Gepitulan, Principal I, Regino Mercado Night High School
Mrs. Jocelyn C. Butanas, Master Teacher I, Talamban National High School
Mr. Bonnie James A. Saclolo, Teacher III, Cebu City National Science High School
Dr. Rey A. Kimilat, Head Teacher V, Abellana National School
Language Editor:
Mrs. Roquesa B. Sabejon, PSDS-ND7
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science

3
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind to help you
understand the source of Earth’s internal heat and magmatism, a geologic process
that occurs within the Earth. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes diverse vocabulary level.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – SOURCES OF THE EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT
• Lesson 2 – MAGMATISM
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of geologic processes that occur
within the Earth.
Performance Standard:
You shall be able to conduct a survey to assess the possible geologic/
hydrometeorological hazards that your community may experience.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from (S11/12ES-Ia-e-14) and
2. describe how magma is formed (magmatism) (S11/12ES-Ia-e-15).
What I Know
DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer to
complete the sentence.
1. A _____________ is an opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from
beneath the crust to reach the surface.
A. cave B. fault C. sinkhole D. volcano
2. Convection in the mantle is driven by the _______________________.
A. earthquakes in the crust C. Earth’s magnetic field
B. heat from the Earth’s core D. movement of tectonic plates
3. One source of the Earth’s internal heat is the remaining energy from the time ___.
A. it was formed C. when the Sun was formed
B. of the Big Bang D. the Solar System was formed
4. Another major source of the Earth’s internal heat is _________________________.
A. radioactivity C. radiation from space
B. global warming D volcanoes in the core
5. One of the mechanisms for magma formation in ______________ is flux melting.
A. shear zones C. divergent boundaries
B. subduction zones D. convergent boundaries
6. Unstable isotopes in the Earth’s interior release energy when they ______________.
A. change to vapor C. increase in temperature
B. undergo convection D. undergo radioactive decay
7. During convection, the cooler mantle rock _____ and the hotter mantle rock _____.
A. rises; melts B. solidifies; melts C. sinks; rises D. sinks; solidifies
8. The unstable isotopes that release energy in the Earth’s interior are _________.
A. nickel, carbon, and silicon C. iron, plutonium, and technetium
B. chromium, tritium, and cobalt D. uranium, potassium, and thorium

4
9. Heat transfer melting generates magma because rising hot materials transfer heat
and __________________ the surrounding rocks.
A. decrease the pressure on C. decrease the temperature of
B. increase the pressure on D. increase the temperature of
10. Partial melting of rocks refers to __________________________.
A. the melting of a whole body of rocks
B. a very slow process of melting rocks
C. the melting of some components of rocks only
D. a process of melting rocks using different chemicals
11. __________ are locations that undergo decompression melting to produce magma.
A. Folds and faults C. Hotspots and divergent boundaries
B. Shear zones and plate boundaries D. Hotspots and transform boundaries
12. The areas that experience heat transfer melting to generate magma are _________.
A. folds, faults, and shear zones
B. hotspots, divergent boundaries, and subduction zones
C. folds, faults, hotspots, shear zones, and plate boundaries
D. hotspots, convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries
13. Adding flux to a body of dry rock near its melting point ___________ the rocks.
A. decreases the pressure on C. increases the melting temperature of
B. increases the pressure on D. decreases the melting temperature of
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE to mafic magma? It _____________.
A. is a very viscous type of magma
B. has a lower concentration of silica
C. contains a higher concentration of silica and darker minerals
D. is made up of lighter colored minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar
15. A rising body of rock close to its melting temperature undergoes partial melting
because the upward movement _________________________ rocks.
A. decreases the temperature of the surrounding
B. increases the temperature of the surrounding
C. decreases the pressure and melting temperature of the moving
D. increases the pressure and melting temperature of the moving
Lesson
1
SOURCES OF THE EARTH’S
INTERNAL HEAT
The Earth’s interior is composed of the following layers based on chemical
composition.
Table 1. Layers based on differing chemical composition
Layers Composition Other Characteristics
CORE
➢ outer core - nickel
and liquid iron
➢ inner core - nickel
and solid iron
➢ innermost layer
➢ temperature is around 5,000°C at the
center
MANTLE
➢ iron and
magnesium
silicate minerals
➢ middle and largest layer
➢ the part closest to the outer core flows
slowly
➢ temperature is around 3500°C near the
bottom
CRUST
➢ made of rock
(granite for
continents and
basalt for ocean
floors)
➢ topmost and thinnest layer
➢ surface is rigid and firm
➢ temperature is around 1000°C near the
bottom

5
What’s In
A. DIRECTIONS: In Figure 1, label the layers of the Earth. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Image Credit: NASA via NASA Space Place < https://tinyurl.com/4bjcczws>
B. DIRECTIONS: Identify the described layer of the Earth. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
5. The largest layer of the Earth’s interior.
6. This layer is made of iron and nickel.
7. It is the hottest part of the earth’s interior.
8. This layer contains the asthenosphere.
9. It is made of rock mostly granite or basalt.
10.This layer is made of iron and magnesium silicate minerals.
What’s New
TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION
At 11:00 PM of July 1, 2021, PHIVOLCS released an update on the eruption
of Taal Volcano. Part of the content of the update is as follows:
Alert Level 3 (Magmatic Unrest) was raised over Taal Volcano at 3:37
PM today, after a phreatomagmatic eruption from the Main Crater occurred at
3:16 PM. The eruption lasted five (5) minutes based on visual monitors and
generated a dark jetted plume approximately one (1) kilometer high. The event
recorded mid-course as a low-frequency explosion earthquake but was not
preceded by seismic or ground deformation precursors. However,
anomalously high volcanic SO2 gas emission preceded the eruption,
averaging 14,241 tonnes/day and 13,287 tonnes/day respectively on 28
June and 1 July (morning of today) 2021. A marked increased in volcanic gas
upwelling also began on 28 June 2021 that generated plumes that rose some
three (3) kilometers above Taal Volcano Island.
Image Credit: Users Insights, CC BY 3.0, via Iconfinder <https://tinyurl.com/9kf3dfpz>
The Earth must be hot inside because
volcanoes release hot materials.
I agree. But why is
the Earth hot inside?
Figure 1. The Earth's internal structure
1._______________
2._______________
4._______________
3._______________
Image Credit:
Word for Microsoft 365

6
What Is It
Why is the Earth’s interior hot?
The Earth’s internal heat comes from primordial heat and radioactive heat.
Primordial heat refers to the leftover heat from the formation of our planet.
This heat was generated by collisions of large and small particles that created the
Earth and the redistribution of material within Earth by gravitational forces (e.g.,
sinking of iron to form the core). Radioactive heat
comes from the spontaneous radioactive decay of
uranium-235 (235U), uranium-238 (238U), potassium-
40 (40K), and thorium-232 (232Th). These unstable
isotopes are both found in the crust and mantle and
release energy when they decay.
How is the Earth's internal heat redistributed?
Studies of the Earth’s interior indicate that the
heat from the core is being brought near the surface
through convection in the mantle.
The convection of the mantle is a product of
the transfer of heat from the core to the lower
mantle. The material near the heat source (core)
becomes hot and expands, making it lighter than the
material above. The force of buoyancy causes it to
rise, and cooler material flows in from the sides.
Even if the mantle material is solid rock, it
undergoes convection, because it is sufficiently plastic which allows it to slowly flow.
How is heat from the Earth’s interior released to the surface?
Through convection, hotter mantle rock
rises to an area of lower pressure. Areas of
lower pressure always have a lower melting
point than areas of high pressure. This
reduction in overlying pressure enables the
rock to melt and form magma.
In general, magma begins to rise
because it is less dense than the surrounding
solid rocks. It can push through holes or
cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic
eruption.
Image Credit: Users Insights, CC BY 3.0, via Iconfinder <https://tinyurl.com/9kf3dfpz>
Figure 2. Convection
Image Credit: Christopher Auyeung, CC BY-
NC 3.0, via CK-12 Earth Science For Middle
School <https://tinyurl.com/3snk5p28>
Figure 3. Convection in the mantle
Image Credit: Christopher Auyeung, CC BY-NC 3.0, via
CK-12 Earth Science For Middle School
<https://tinyurl.com/3snk5p28>
Now I learned why the Earth’s
interior is hot. It is due to the
trapped heat from the time when
our planet was formed, and the
energy released by radioisotopes.
I am curious about magma.
It is generated by convection
in the mantle. Is this the
only way magma is
produced?

7
What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words and write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
• The temperature inside the Earth (1) ______________ as we move from the surface
to the Earth’s core.
• (2) ______________ heat comes from the leftover heat when Earth was still
developing into a planet. This heat was made by the (3) _____________ of particles
and the (4) _____________ of materials within Earth.
• (5) _____________ heat refers to the energy released by (6) _____________ isotopes
of (7) _____________, potassium, and thorium found in the crust and mantle.
• Heat from the core is brought near the surface through convection in the mantle.
Hotter mantle rock (8) _____________ and cooler mantle rock (9) _____________.
• Rising mantle rock undergoes decompression and melting to form (10) __________.
Lesson
2
MAGMATISM
Tectonic Plates
Tectonic plates are composed of the Earth’s crust and the uppermost, rigid
portion of the mantle. There are two types of plates - oceanic and continental.
Tectonic plates move around the globe in different directions and come in
many different shapes and sizes. Motion between these plates can be divergent,
convergent, or transform and may generate magma.
What’s In
A. DIRECTIONS: Answer the following question briefly on a separate sheet of paper.
What is the difference between extrusive igneous rocks and intrusive igneous
rocks?
B. DIRECTIONS: Identify the type of plate boundary formed by the given plates and
image. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. two oceanic
plates
2. two oceanic
plates
3. two continental
plates
4. oceanic and
continental plates
Image Credit: domdomegg, CC BY
4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
<https://tinyurl.com/3ytdy72t>
<https://tinyurl.com/5kjcs86s>
<https://tinyurl.com/4xz8ub34>
<https://tinyurl.com/587bct44>

8
What Is It
Magma
Magma is extremely hot liquid rock located under the Earth’s surface. It forms
from the partial melting of existing rock. When magma flows or erupts onto Earth’s
surface, it is called lava.
Composition of Magma
Magma can vary widely in composition depending on the rock it was formed
from, and the conditions of melting. The higher the amount of silica (SiO2) in the
magma, the higher is its viscosity. Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow.
Mafic magma is low in silica and contain darker, magnesium- and iron-rich
mafic minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene. Felsic magma is higher in silica and
contain lighter colored minerals such as quartz and orthoclase feldspar.
Partial Melting
Partial melting happens when only some parts of a rock melt. It takes place
because rocks are not pure materials. Most rocks are made up of several minerals,
each of which has a different melting temperature.
Mechanisms of Magma Formation
Crust and mantle are almost entirely solid indicating that magma only forms
in special places where pre-existing solid rocks undergo melting.
• Melting due to decrease in pressure (decompression melting): The decrease
in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant temperature permits
melting forming magma. When pressure is decreased, melting can occur
because the bonds between the particles can be broken down and move
farther away from each other.
• Melting as a result of the addition of volatiles – compounds that have low
boiling points (flux melting): When volatiles such as water mix with hot, dry
rock, the volatile decreases the rock’s melting point and they help break the
chemical bonds in the rock to allow melting.
• Melting resulting from heat transfer from rising magma (heat transfer
melting): Rising magma transfers heat to surrounding rocks at shallower
depths.
Locations of Magma Formation
Magma forms in divergent boundaries, hotspots, and subduction zones. All
these areas experience heat transfer melting.
• Divergent boundaries are formed
when two plates move away from
each other.
➢ Rising hot mantle rock leads to
decompression melting.
Figure 4. Divergent boundary
Image Credit: Auburn University via Plate Tectonics
<https://tinyurl.com/udp87vap>

9
• Hotspots are formed when hot
materials rise from deep within
the mantle.
➢ These locations undergo
decompression melting due
to the upward movement of hot
materials.
Figure 5. Hotspot
<https://tinyurl.com/2trfjsdf>
• Subduction zones are formed
when an oceanic plate is pushed
under another plate.
➢ Flux melting occurs when
water mixes with hot rocks as
the lower plate moves down.
Figure 6. Subduction zone
<https://tinyurl.com/udp87vap>
What’s More
A. DIRECTIONS: Match the descriptions under Column A with the terms under
Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. A geological feature through which lava, volcanic ash,
and gases escape.
2. This type of magma contains a high amount of silica.
3. This is a mechanism of magma formation caused by
the decrease in pressure on a body of hot rock.
4. This process occurs if a substance that decreases
melting temperature mixes with hot rocks.
5. This is a melting mechanism at work in hotspots due
to the upward movement of hot materials.
6. It forms from the partial melting of existing rock.
7. These are formed when hot material rises from deep
within the mantle.
8. It is an extremely hot liquid rock found on the Earth’s
surface.
9. This refers to the incomplete melting of a rock.
10. It is a process of melting present in divergent
boundaries because of the rising of hot rocks.
11. This occurs in subduction zones because water
mixes with hot rocks as the oceanic plate subducts.
12. This causes partial melting of rocks by transferring
heat from rising magma to surrounding rocks.
A. decompression
melting
B. felsic magma
C. flux melting
D. heat transfer
melting
E. hotspots
F. lava
G. mafic magma
H. magma
I. mountain
J. partial melting
K. volcano

10
B. DIRECTIONS: On Figure 7, identify the location and the processes present to
generate magma. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Figure 7. Locations of magma formation
Image Credit: NASA via NASA Space Place <https://tinyurl.com/4kw8u522>
Location Processes
1.
2.
3.
What I Have Learned
SOURCES OF THE EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT
• The Earth’s internal heat comes from primordial heat and radioactive heat.
• Primordial heat is leftover heat from the collision of particles and the
rearrangement of materials when Earth was still developing into a planet.
• Radioactive heat comes from energy released by the decay of uranium-235,
uranium-238, potassium-40, and thorium-232 found in the crust and mantle.
• Convection in the mantle redistributes heat from the core closer to the Earth’s
surface. During convection, hotter rocks rise and cooler rocks sink.
MAGMATISM
• Magma is liquid rock under the Earth’s surface.
• Mafic magma is low in silica and contain darker minerals. Felsic magma is
higher in silica and contain lighter colored minerals.
• Magma forms from the partial melting of rocks from the mantle or crust.
• Partial melting is the melting of some parts of the rock only. This happens
because the rocks are made up of different minerals, each of which has a different
melting point.
• Magma is generated through decompression melting, flux melting, and heat
transfer melting.
➢ Decompression melting occurs when a hot body of rock experiences a
decrease in pressure by moving towards the surface.
➢ Flux melting takes place when flux, a substance that decreases melting
temperature, is added to a hot body of rock. Water and other volatiles act as
flux.
➢ Heat transfer melting is the partial melting of rocks at shallower depths
caused by heat coming from rising magmas.
• Magma forms in divergent boundaries, hotspots, and subduction zones.
➢ Divergent boundaries are formed when two tectonic plates move away from
each other.
➢ Hotspots are hot areas inside the Earth made by rising hot materials from
deep within the mantle.
➢ Subduction zones are formed when the collision of tectonic plates
pushes an oceanic plate under another plate.
1 2 3

11
Table 2. Summary of mechanisms of magma formation in locations where it is formed
Location Mechanisms of Magma Formation
divergent boundaries decompression melting and heat transfer melting
hotspots decompression melting and heat transfer melting
subduction zones flux melting and heat transfer melting
What I Can Do
DIRECTIONS: On a separate sheet, write an essay discussing at least two (2)
advantages and at least two (2) disadvantages of expanding the use of geothermal
energy in the Philippines. At the end of the essay, write whether you are in favor of
this move or not and explain why. Your essay should contain the following parts -
introduction, advantages, disadvantages, and conclusion (your stand on the topic).
EXPANDING THE USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power. It
currently has seven geothermal fields, with a long-term plan to nearly double
capacity by 2040.
Geothermal power plants use the heat in the Earth’s interior to generate
electricity. These power plants drill deep holes to use underground steam and
hot water. There are also on-going researches on the possibility of using
magma.
Rubric for the essay
1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points
Main Idea
Statement
The
introduction
contains an
opening
statement.
The
introduction
should contain
the topic or
plan to discuss
the advantages
and
disadvantages.
The introduction
should contain
the
• topic and
• plan to discuss
the advantages
and
disadvantages.
The introduction
should be well
phrased and contain
the
• topic and
• plan to discuss the
advantages and
disadvantages.
Content and
Development
The body
should
contain a
description of
one (1)
advantage or
disadvantage.
The body
should contain
descriptions of
• one (1)
advantage
and
• one (1)
disadvantage.
The body should
contain
• separate
descriptions of
advantages and
disadvantages;
• two (2)
advantages;
and
• two (2)
disadvantages.
The body should
contain
• a separate
discussion of
advantages and
disadvantages;
• at least two (2)
advantages;
• at least two (2)
disadvantages; and
• supporting details.
Conclusion The
conclusion
contains a
closing
statement.
The conclusion
should contain
the opinion on
the issue.
The conclusion
should contain
• the opinion on
the issue with
• one (1) strong
reason.
The conclusion
should contain
• the opinion on the
issue with
• two (2) strong
reasons.
Adapted from rboynton via iRubric <https://tinyurl.com/3r4njfk9>

12
Assessment
DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet.
1. Which source of energy comes from the Earth’s internal heat?
A. biomass B. fossil fuels C. nuclear energy D. geothermal energy
2. What is radioactive heat? It is heat generated by the ________________.
A. sun’s radiation C. high frequency EM waves
B. burning of fossils D. decay of unstable isotopes
3. Where can you find radioisotopes in the Earth’s interior?
A. core C. inner core and crust
B. crust and mantle D. mantle and outer core
4. What is decompression melting?
It is the partial melting of a body of rock near melting point when ____________.
A. compressed C. pressure decreases
B. pushed deeper D. pressure increases
5. Which substance affects the viscosity of magma?
A. carbon B. thorium C. silica D. uranium
6. Figure 8 shows an oceanic trench. Which
mechanisms to generate magma are present
here?
A. volcanic and flux melting
B. heat transfer and flux melting
C. compression and friction melting
D. decompression and volcanic melting
Figure 8. Oceanic trench
Image Credit: Tulane University via Earth & Environmental Sciences
1110 < https://tinyurl.com/4jbk42vf>
7. Aside from heat transfer melting, what other
melting process produces magma in an
oceanic ridge as shown in Figure 9?
A. flux melting
B. friction melting
C. compression melting
D. decompression melting
Figure 9. Oceanic ridge
Image Credit: Tulane University via Earth & Environmental Sciences
1110 < https://tinyurl.com/4jbk42vf>

13
8. Which processes of generating magma are at
work in Figure 10?
A. heat transfer and flux melting
B. decompression and flux melting
C. compression and volcanic melting
D. decompression and heat transfer melting
9. What is magma? It is ________________.
A. melted iron from the inner core
B. hot liquid rock on the Earth’s surface
C. hot liquid rock under the Earth’s surface
D. formed from the melting of extrusive
igneous rocks
10.When does flux melting occur?
It occurs when a body of rock near melting point ____________________________.
A. becomes unstable making rocks disintegrate
B. fluctuates in composition making it melt faster
C. changes in composition with a higher melting temperature
D. mixes with a substance that lowers its melting temperature
11.What does convection in the mantle do to the Earth’s internal heat? It _______.
A. increases the temperature of the core
B. transfers heat from the crust to the core
C. distributes heat from the core closer to the surface
D. decreases the temperature of the crust and mantle
12.Where does the Earth’s primordial heat come from? It is the remaining heat from
______________________ when the Earth was still developing into a planet.
A. meteors that hit the surface
B. underwater volcanoes that erupted in the past
C. trapped radiation because of a very thick atmosphere
D. the collision of particles and the redistribution of materials
13.Why does partial melting of rocks happen?
It happens because most rocks are made up of __________________________.
A. several minerals, each with a different melting point
B. one type of mineral making it easy to melt the whole rock
C. one very strong mineral making it difficult to melt the whole rock
D. several hard minerals so different chemicals are used for melting rocks
14.Which statement about melting in subduction zones is FALSE?
A. Flux decreases the melting temperature of hot rocks.
B. Rising hot materials transfer heat to surrounding rocks.
C. The subducted tectonic plate melts because of compression.
D. The movement of the subducted plate causes volatiles to mix with hot and
dry mantle rock.
15.Why does decompression melting occur in hotspots?
A. Rocks near hotspots are very dense that they melt.
B. Hotspots have very high temperatures that melt surrounding rocks.
C. Rising hot materials from the mantle experience a decrease in pressure.
D. Sinking hot materials from the mantle undergo an increase in pressure.
Figure 10
Image Credit: Tulane University via Earth &
Environmental Sciences 1110
<https://tinyurl.com/4jbk42vf>

14
References
Baya-ang, Roly B., Maria Lourdes G. Coronacion, Annamae T. Jorda, and Anna Jamille
Restubog. 2016. Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Educational Resources
Corporation.
Benner, John, David Bethel, Jean Brainard, Dana Desonie, Craig Freudenrich, Corliss
Karasov, Mary Lusk, Erik Ong, Julie Sandeen, and Kurt Rosenkrantz. 2020. CK-12
Earth Science for Middle School. CK-12 Foundation. https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-
12-earth-science-for-middle-school/section/6.1/.
“Can Volcanoes Form Just Anywhere? Why Do They Form Where They Do? | Volcano
World | Oregon State University.” 2019. Oregonstate.Edu. 2019.
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/can-volcanoes-form-just-anywhere-why-do-they-
form-where-they-do.
Desonie, Dana. 2020. CK-12 Earth Science Concepts For High School. CK-12 Foundation.
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-earth-science-concepts-for-high-
school/r232/section/8.4/.
Earle, Steven. 2019a. Physical Geology. 2nd ed. Victoria, B.C.: BCcampus.
https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/9-2-the-temperature-of-earths-interior/.
Earle, Steven. 2019b. Physical Geology. 2nd ed. Victoria, B.C.: BCcampus.
https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeology2ed/chapter/1-5-fundamentals-of-plate-
tectonics/.
Earle, Steven. 2019c. Physical Geology. Opentextbc.Ca. 2nd ed. Victoria, B.C.: BCcampus.
https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/3-1-the-rock-cycle/.
“Geothermal Energy Information and Facts.” 2009. Nationalgeographic.Com. October 19,
2009. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/geothermal-energy/.
Guzman II, Alfonso Vincent A., Ernesto Ancheta Dizon Jr., Zoraida S. Dizon, Eddie L.
Listanco, and Catherine C. Abon. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School
EARTH SCIENCE CORE SUBJECT. The Commission on Higher Education in
collaboration with the Philippine Normal University.
“Hotspots - Geology (U.S. National Park Service).” Nps.gov, 2020.
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/plate-tectonics-hotspots.htm.
Nelson, Stephen A. n.d. “Plate Tectonics.” Tulane University.
https://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/pltect.htm.
Nelson, Stephen A. n.d. “Structure of the Earth and the Origin of Magmas.” Tulane
University. https://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/earths_interior.htm.
Nortajuddin, Athira. 2020. “Revamping Geothermal in the Philippines.” THE ASEAN POST.
March 13, 2020. https://theaseanpost.com/article/revamping-geothermal-
philippines.
“Plate Tectonics.” 2010. Auburn.Edu. Auburn University. 2010.
http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/scmh/1010/Plate.php.
rboynton. n.d. “Advantages/Disadvantages Essay Rubric.” IRubric. Reazon Systems, Inc.
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=E45985&sp=yes&.
Users Insights. “User Avatars Icons by Users Insights.” Iconfinder, 2016.
https://www.iconfinder.com/iconsets/user-avatars-1.
VMEPD. “TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION UPDATE 1 July 2021 11:00 PM.” Dost.gov.ph, 2021.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-
bulletin2/taal-volcano/12346-taal-volcano-eruption-update-1-july-2021-11-00-pm.
Vočadlo, Lidunka, and Ceri Middleton. 2020. “HEAT AND CONVECTION IN THE EARTH.”
University College London. 2020.
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/EarthSci/people/lidunka/GEOL2014/Geophysics8%20-
%20Thermal%20evolution/Heat.htm.
“What Is a Volcano? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” 2019. Nasa.Gov. June
27, 2019. https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/volcanoes2/en/.
“What Is an Earthquake? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” Nasa.gov, 2021.
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/earthquakes/en/.

15
Answer Key
What’s
In
Lesson
1
1.
crust
2.
mantle
3.
outer
core
4.
inner
core
5.
mantle
6.
core
7.
core/
inner
core
8.
mantle
9.
crust
10.
mantle
Lesson
2
A.
Extrusive
igneous
rocks
come
from
cooled
lava
while
intrusive
igneous
rocks
from
cooled
magma.
/
Extrusive
igneous
rocks
cooled
on
the
Earth’s
surface
while
intrusive
igneous
rocks
cooled
underground.
B.
1.
diverging
plate
boundary
2.
converging
plate
boundary
3.
transform
plate
boundary
4.
converging
plate
boundary
What’s
More
Lesson
1
1.
increases
2.
primordial
3.
collision
4.
redistribution
5.
radioactive
6.
unstable/
radioactive
7.
uranium
8.
rises
9.
sinks
10.
magma
Lesson
2
A.
1.
K
2.
B
3.
A
4.
C
5.
A
6.
H
7.
E
8.
F
9.
J
10.
A
11.
C
12.
D
Lesson
2
B.
1.
hotspot
–
decompression
melting
and
heat
transfer
melting
2.
divergent
plate
boundary
–
decompression
melting
and
heat
transfer
melting
3.
subduction
zone
–
flux
melting
and
heat
transfer
melting
What
I
Can
Do
•
Advantages:
can
be
extracted
without
burning
a
fossil
fuel;
always
available
(365
days
a
year);
geothermal
fields
produce
little
carbon
dioxide;
the
Philippines
will
have
more
options
for
sources
of
energy;
more
energy
available
to
meet
the
needs
of
our
country’s
developing
economy
•
Disadvantages:
environmental
problems
such
as
release
of
hydrogen
sulfide
and
waste
disposal;
specific
locations
may
cool
down
after
many
decades;
investing
on
any
source
of
energy
requires
a
significant
amount
of
money

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 3.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 3.pdf

Similar to SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 3.pdf (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 3.pdf