How Email Works
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1) Email is sent using SMTP and travels through various servers until it reaches the destination mail server. 2) The email is then stored on the destination mail server and retrieved by the recipient using either POP3 or IMAP when they access their email. 3) POP3 downloads emails to the local machine while IMAP stores emails on the server and allows remote access.
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Simple mail transfer protocol (smtp)
SMTP is a protocol used to transfer email between servers. It uses a push protocol to send email from the sender to the receiver's email server, while POP3 or IMAP are used by the receiver to retrieve emails. SMTP uses TCP connections to transfer emails and operates using a client-server model, with SMTP servers listening for connections from SMTP clients to deliver emails. SMTP can use either an end-to-end or store-and-forward delivery method to route emails between organizations or within an organization.
How email works
Electronic mail, or email, allows digital messages to be exchanged across computer networks like the Internet. Email systems rely on email servers to accept, forward, deliver, and store messages on behalf of users. An email consists of a header containing sender/recipient addresses and other metadata, and a message body. Standards like SMTP and MIME allow emails to be transmitted and support attachments. Key differences from physical mail include near-instant delivery, lower cost, and less physical effort required.
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E-mail uses a client-server model with three main components - the user agent (UA), the message transfer agent (SMTP), and the message access agent (POP3/IMAP). A basic e-mail message involves the UA composing a message on the client, the MTA transferring it to the server using SMTP protocols, and the MAA retrieving it from the server to the recipient's UA using POP3 or IMAP protocols. MIME extensions allow non-text data like images and files to be sent as attachments by encoding them into ASCII format during transfer.
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This document discusses how email works by describing the key components involved in email transmission and storage. It explains that email uses a store-and-forward model where messages are sent via SMTP and stored on a mail server until the recipient retrieves it using either POP3 or IMAP. SMTP is the protocol that sends messages between servers over TCP port 25, while POP3 and IMAP are the protocols that clients use to retrieve messages from port 110 and 143 respectively. Common email clients include Outlook, Thunderbird, and web-based options like Gmail and Yahoo Mail.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
This document provides an overview of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It discusses how SMTP clients and servers work, how messages are sent to SMTP servers using either relaying or DNS, the SMTP communication model involving connection establishment, message transfer, and connection termination. It also describes mail processing involving envelopes and headers, status codes, and special features like mail forwarding, gatewaying, and relaying. Limitations of SMTP are also noted.
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
it's little information about SMTP, This is done by Siddaramaiah M C student of cs dept. kuvempu university
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
How e mail works
E-mail works by routing messages from server to server until it reaches the recipient's mail server. Messages are sent via SMTP servers called Mail Transport Agents (MTAs) and stored on the recipient's incoming mail server called a Mail Delivery Agent (MDA). Recipients then retrieve messages from the MDA using either POP3 or IMAP protocols. MTAs act like post offices that transport messages, while MDAs act like mailboxes that store messages until recipients access them. Retrieving mail requires a Mail User Agent like an email client or webmail interface.
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Simple mail transfer protocol (smtp)
SMTP is a protocol used to transfer email between servers. It uses a push protocol to send email from the sender to the receiver's email server, while POP3 or IMAP are used by the receiver to retrieve emails. SMTP uses TCP connections to transfer emails and operates using a client-server model, with SMTP servers listening for connections from SMTP clients to deliver emails. SMTP can use either an end-to-end or store-and-forward delivery method to route emails between organizations or within an organization.
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Electronic mail, or email, allows digital messages to be exchanged across computer networks like the Internet. Email systems rely on email servers to accept, forward, deliver, and store messages on behalf of users. An email consists of a header containing sender/recipient addresses and other metadata, and a message body. Standards like SMTP and MIME allow emails to be transmitted and support attachments. Key differences from physical mail include near-instant delivery, lower cost, and less physical effort required.
Electronic Mail
E-mail uses a client-server model with three main components - the user agent (UA), the message transfer agent (SMTP), and the message access agent (POP3/IMAP). A basic e-mail message involves the UA composing a message on the client, the MTA transferring it to the server using SMTP protocols, and the MAA retrieving it from the server to the recipient's UA using POP3 or IMAP protocols. MIME extensions allow non-text data like images and files to be sent as attachments by encoding them into ASCII format during transfer.
E mail flow
This document discusses how email works by describing the key components involved in email transmission and storage. It explains that email uses a store-and-forward model where messages are sent via SMTP and stored on a mail server until the recipient retrieves it using either POP3 or IMAP. SMTP is the protocol that sends messages between servers over TCP port 25, while POP3 and IMAP are the protocols that clients use to retrieve messages from port 110 and 143 respectively. Common email clients include Outlook, Thunderbird, and web-based options like Gmail and Yahoo Mail.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
This document provides an overview of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It discusses how SMTP clients and servers work, how messages are sent to SMTP servers using either relaying or DNS, the SMTP communication model involving connection establishment, message transfer, and connection termination. It also describes mail processing involving envelopes and headers, status codes, and special features like mail forwarding, gatewaying, and relaying. Limitations of SMTP are also noted.
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
it's little information about SMTP, This is done by Siddaramaiah M C student of cs dept. kuvempu university
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
How e mail works
E-mail works by routing messages from server to server until it reaches the recipient's mail server. Messages are sent via SMTP servers called Mail Transport Agents (MTAs) and stored on the recipient's incoming mail server called a Mail Delivery Agent (MDA). Recipients then retrieve messages from the MDA using either POP3 or IMAP protocols. MTAs act like post offices that transport messages, while MDAs act like mailboxes that store messages until recipients access them. Retrieving mail requires a Mail User Agent like an email client or webmail interface.
Imap(internet massege access protocaols)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a communications protocol for email retrieval and storage developed by Mark Crispin in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
IMAP uses port 143, and IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) uses port 993. IMAP, unlike POP, specifically allows multiple clients simultaneously connected to the same mailbox, and through flags stored on the server, different clients accessing the same mailbox at the same or different times can detect state changes made by other clients.
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This document provides an overview of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) including its history, general features, how it works, and limitations. SMTP is an Internet standard used to transfer email between Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs). It originated in 1980 and was standardized in 1981. Key points are that SMTP operates over TCP port 25 in a request-response format, uses status codes to indicate success or failure, and relies on MTAs like Sendmail to route and deliver messages between servers. However, it only supports basic 7-bit ASCII encoding and is susceptible to misuse like spamming.
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SMTP is the standard protocol for sending email over the Internet. It defines the message format and how messages are transferred between mail servers. When a client wants to send a message, it establishes a connection to an SMTP server and issues commands like MAIL, RCPT, and DATA to specify the sender, recipients, and transmit the message content. While simple to implement, basic SMTP has limitations like lacking authentication that allow issues like spam. Extensions to SMTP like ESMTP aim to address such problems.
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SMTP is the standard protocol for sending emails between servers. Under SMTP, a client SMTP process opens a TCP connection to a remote server SMTP process and sends mail across the connection. The server listens on port 25 for connections. When a connection is made, the two processes execute a simple request-response dialogue defined by SMTP to transmit sender and recipient addresses and the email message itself. Mail is then forwarded to remote servers or delivered locally. POP3 and IMAP allow users to download stored mail from the local server.
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The document discusses the history and architecture of email. It describes how email works through a system of user agents, message transfer agents, and message access agents. Users compose messages with a user agent, which are then transferred between mail servers by message transfer agents using SMTP and retrieved by recipients with a message access agent. The document outlines the typical components of an email message and addresses, as well as the different scenarios for how email can be exchanged between users on the same or different systems.
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Overview of Email protocols.
Electronic mail was one of the first applications of the fledgling Internet back in the 70ies of the last century. Mail represents basically an electronic equivalent of telegrams that can be sent without having a direct and simultaneous network connection with the recipient.
In email systems, a mail transfer agent (MTA) takes care of the message to be sent and repeatedly tries to deliver the message to the ultimate receiver until successful.
One of the first and still prevalent email protocols is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). It is a very simple protocol for sending electronic messages consisting of a header and a body between a sender and a recipient (relay agent or final mail transfer agent).
SMPT is not suited for receiving mail. Additional protocols like POP (Post Office Protocol) or the newer IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) are needed to retrieve mail messages from a mail box.
SMPT was originally restricted to the ASCII character set so binary content or non-ASCII characters could not be used in mail messages. To overcome this limitation, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) was devised to allow mail senders to encode non-ASCII content with special character encodings.
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This document provides an overview of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It begins with an introduction that defines SMTP and its use for electronic mail transmission. It then covers the working of SMTP, including the client-server model, commands, responses, and mail transfer phases of connection setup, mail transfer, and connection termination. It also provides a comparison of SMTP to HTTP, noting differences in how each protocol transfers files and initiates TCP connections. In summary, the document outlines the key components and functionality of the SMTP protocol for electronic mail transmission across the internet.
Smtp
SMTP es el protocolo utilizado para el intercambio de mensajes de correo electrónico entre servidores. Permite que un cliente de correo envíe un mensaje a un servidor SMTP, el cual se encarga de reenviar el mensaje al servidor de destino correcto, el cual almacena el mensaje hasta que el cliente POP/IMAP del destinatario lo descarga. El proceso completo implica múltiples servidores SMTP trabajando juntos para entregar un mensaje a través de Internet de forma fiable.
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- Key components include user agents (email clients), message transfer agents (MTA servers), and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
- SMTP uses a stored-and-forward method to route emails through intermediate servers within a network on its way to the destination address.
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how email works
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows users to transmit messages over the Internet. It uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to send messages between servers and uses either POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. SMTP focuses on reliably transferring messages between machines while POP3 and IMAP specify how users can retrieve and manage messages stored on the mail server. When sending an email, the sender's mail transfer agent adds a "received" header to the message to track its path through intermediate servers to the destination mail transfer agent. While convenient, SMTP is not secure and allows for spoofing, but techniques like SPF help validate authentic senders. Mail servers can also selectively reject traffic for policy or technical reasons.
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This document provides an overview of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) including its history, general features, how it works, and limitations. SMTP is an Internet standard used to transfer email between Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs). It originated in 1980 and was standardized in 1981. Key points are that SMTP operates over TCP port 25 in a request-response format, uses status codes to indicate success or failure, and relies on MTAs like Sendmail to route and deliver messages between servers. However, it only supports basic 7-bit ASCII encoding and is susceptible to misuse like spamming.
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SMTP is the standard protocol for sending email over the Internet. It defines the message format and how messages are transferred between mail servers. When a client wants to send a message, it establishes a connection to an SMTP server and issues commands like MAIL, RCPT, and DATA to specify the sender, recipients, and transmit the message content. While simple to implement, basic SMTP has limitations like lacking authentication that allow issues like spam. Extensions to SMTP like ESMTP aim to address such problems.
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SMTP is the standard protocol for sending emails between servers. Under SMTP, a client SMTP process opens a TCP connection to a remote server SMTP process and sends mail across the connection. The server listens on port 25 for connections. When a connection is made, the two processes execute a simple request-response dialogue defined by SMTP to transmit sender and recipient addresses and the email message itself. Mail is then forwarded to remote servers or delivered locally. POP3 and IMAP allow users to download stored mail from the local server.
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Overview of Email protocols.
Electronic mail was one of the first applications of the fledgling Internet back in the 70ies of the last century. Mail represents basically an electronic equivalent of telegrams that can be sent without having a direct and simultaneous network connection with the recipient.
In email systems, a mail transfer agent (MTA) takes care of the message to be sent and repeatedly tries to deliver the message to the ultimate receiver until successful.
One of the first and still prevalent email protocols is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). It is a very simple protocol for sending electronic messages consisting of a header and a body between a sender and a recipient (relay agent or final mail transfer agent).
SMPT is not suited for receiving mail. Additional protocols like POP (Post Office Protocol) or the newer IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) are needed to retrieve mail messages from a mail box.
SMPT was originally restricted to the ASCII character set so binary content or non-ASCII characters could not be used in mail messages. To overcome this limitation, MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) was devised to allow mail senders to encode non-ASCII content with special character encodings.
HTTP Basics
HTTP is the protocol that powers the web. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests that servers respond to. Common request methods include GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, and OPTIONS. Responses include status codes like 200 for OK and content types. HTTP 1.1 added features like persistent connections and chunked encoding. Cookies are used to maintain statelessness. HTTPS uses SSL/TLS to secure HTTP connections with encryption, server authentication, and integrity.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP is the protocol used to retrieve web pages over the Internet. It uses a request/response model where browsers make requests to web servers using HTTP and receive responses. HTTP 1.1 introduced persistent connections allowing multiple requests to be sent over a single TCP connection, improving efficiency over HTTP 1.0 which required a separate connection for each request. Caching of responses in browsers and proxies improves page load times and reduces server load.
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This document provides an overview of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It begins with an introduction that defines SMTP and its use for electronic mail transmission. It then covers the working of SMTP, including the client-server model, commands, responses, and mail transfer phases of connection setup, mail transfer, and connection termination. It also provides a comparison of SMTP to HTTP, noting differences in how each protocol transfers files and initiates TCP connections. In summary, the document outlines the key components and functionality of the SMTP protocol for electronic mail transmission across the internet.
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SMTP es el protocolo utilizado para el intercambio de mensajes de correo electrónico entre servidores. Permite que un cliente de correo envíe un mensaje a un servidor SMTP, el cual se encarga de reenviar el mensaje al servidor de destino correcto, el cual almacena el mensaje hasta que el cliente POP/IMAP del destinatario lo descarga. El proceso completo implica múltiples servidores SMTP trabajando juntos para entregar un mensaje a través de Internet de forma fiable.
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This document provides an overview of internet protocols for email (SMTP) including:
- SMTP is used to transfer email between servers and works in a client-server model. Email clients use POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages from servers.
- Key components include user agents (email clients), message transfer agents (MTA servers), and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
- SMTP uses a stored-and-forward method to route emails through intermediate servers within a network on its way to the destination address.
Email Headers – Expert Forensic Analysis
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This document discusses electronic mail (e-mail) and how it works. It describes the key components of an e-mail system including user agents, message transfer agents, and message access agents. It explains the store-and-forward model that modern e-mail uses to send and receive messages between users. It also outlines the main protocols used for e-mail - SMTP for sending messages between servers, and POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. IMAP is generally preferred as it allows accessing and organizing messages from multiple devices.
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The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS). It describes DNS as a hierarchical and distributed database that maps hostnames to IP addresses. DNS uses a tree structure with nodes containing domain names that are read from the node up to the root. The document outlines the key components of DNS including fully and partially qualified domain names, zones, primary and secondary name servers, and the different top-level domains like generic, country, and inverse domains used for name to address and address to name lookups.
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This document discusses different types of network switching: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It describes circuit switching as establishing a dedicated electrical path for communication between two ports. Packet switching breaks communication down into small packets that are routed through the network based on destination addresses. There are two approaches for packet switching - datagram and virtual circuit. Datagram packets can take different paths to the destination while virtual circuit establishes a pre-planned route. Message switching does not establish a dedicated path, and each message is treated independently with the destination address added. The document was submitted by several students to their professor.
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Network switches are devices that connect multiple computers in a local area network (LAN) at the data link layer of the OSI model. They operate similarly to hubs by forwarding Ethernet frames but contain more intelligence. Most network switches are designed for Ethernet LANs and have bandwidths of 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000 megabits per second. Key advantages of switches include learning MAC addresses to forward frames only to the destination port, controlling network access, and monitoring network usage.
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Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows users to transmit messages over the Internet. It uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) to send messages between servers and uses either POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. SMTP focuses on reliably transferring messages between machines while POP3 and IMAP specify how users can retrieve and manage messages stored on the mail server. When sending an email, the sender's mail transfer agent adds a "received" header to the message to track its path through intermediate servers to the destination mail transfer agent. While convenient, SMTP is not secure and allows for spoofing, but techniques like SPF help validate authentic senders. Mail servers can also selectively reject traffic for policy or technical reasons.
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This document discusses two common protocols for retrieving email from a server: POP3 and IMAP. POP3 allows a user to download emails from the server to their local device but does not support server-side functionality. IMAP allows users to access and manipulate emails stored on the server, avoiding delays from downloading. While POP3 is more widely used currently, IMAP offers advantages like folder management and searching that make it a preferable protocol.
Mail server
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP on port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. IMAP and POP3 are additional protocols that allow users to access their mailboxes to read and manage messages.
Mail server
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. The major components of electronic mail systems are user agents for composing/reading mail, mail servers for message storage and transfer using SMTP, and protocols like POP3 and IMAP for users to access their mailboxes.
Electronic mail
One of the most popular Internet services is electronic mail (e-mail).
At the beginning of the Internet era, the messages sent by electronic mail were short and consisted of text only.
Today, electronic mail is much more complex. It allows a message to include text, audio, and video.
It also allows one message to be sent to one or more recipients.
Email working
Electronic mail works by a user connecting to an SMTP server when sending a message. The SMTP server looks up the recipient's domain name using DNS to determine the destination Mail eXchanger server. It then sends the message to that server via SMTP. The receiving server stores the message and makes it available for the recipient to access via web, POP, or IMAP. Over 204 million emails are sent per minute, demonstrating how email has become indispensable in modern society for maintaining social and professional networks through asynchronous communication that is faster than regular mail but not as immediate as a phone call.
Lecture 9 electronic_mail_representation_and_transfer
This document discusses electronic mail representation and transfer. It describes the user agent, which prepares messages and stores them in mailboxes. Message transfer agents like SMTP transfer messages between systems using commands and responses. POP3 and IMAP are message access agents that allow users to retrieve messages stored on mail servers through protocols like POP3 or IMAP. MIME extensions allow non-text content like images and files to be sent via email.
Cn u5
s.
MIME allows non-ASCII data like images, audio, and video to be sent through email by transforming
the data into ASCII format during transfer and then transforming it back at the receiving end. MIME
defines headers that are added to email messages to specify the encoding and content type. SMTP is
the underlying protocol that transfers email messages between servers using a series of commands
and responses to route messages from the sending to the receiving server.
te
Application layer
The document discusses computer networks and email. It describes how DNS works by converting domain names to IP addresses so humans can access websites using names instead of numbers. It then explains the basic architecture of email, including common email providers and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. SMTP is used to transfer messages between servers, while POP and IMAP deal with receiving and accessing emails from the server. The document also provides details on email message format, with the header containing sender/recipient info and the body containing the actual content.
Electronic Mail.ppt
The document discusses electronic mail (email) and its architecture. It describes how email works using a store-and-forward model with email servers accepting, forwarding, delivering, and storing messages on behalf of users. It details the components of an email system including user agents, mail transfer agents (MTA) that use SMTP to transfer messages between servers, and message access agents like POP3 and IMAP that allow users to access stored messages. Key aspects like addressing, commands, responses, and the three phases of mail transfer are also summarized.
Internet mail server
i. A mail server is an application that receives emails and forwards them to their intended recipients. It works with other programs like SMTP and POP3/IMAP to deliver emails.
ii. Mail servers can be broken down into outgoing SMTP servers and incoming POP3/IMAP servers. SMTP sends emails while POP3/IMAP receives emails and stores them locally or on the server.
iii. Administering a mail server involves configuring items like connectors, transport rules, address lists, storage groups and mailbox policies. It also involves using tools like message tracking and queue viewers for maintenance and troubleshooting.
presentation on email.pptx
E-mail was invented in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson and allows computer users to exchange messages over a network. It consists of a header with information like the sender, recipient, date, and subject, and a body containing the message and any attachments. Email works on a client-server model, with clients like Outlook communicating with email servers using protocols like SMTP and POP3 over specific TCP/IP ports. While email enables quick communication, it can also spread viruses and users must be wary of scams. Overall, email remains one of the most effective ways to exchange information electronically.
Introduction to basics command in linux, and working in linux
The document discusses email (mail) services and commands in Linux. It describes how email works, including how messages are routed from server to server to the recipient, and how mail transfer agents (MTAs) and mail delivery agents (MDAs) manage delivery. It also outlines some common mail commands like mail, -s, -c, and their functions. Finally, it briefly covers sending mail from shell scripts and the different types of mailing lists.
Networking presentation
This is Networking presentation On sliding window protocol and little about some mix topic like Email, WWW, DNS and dns working, future of w3
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)
Brief detail about pop3 and Electronic Mail. In this presentation, I describe the post office protocol and Electronic Mail.
1. History of Post Office Protocol.
2. Advantage and Disadvantage of postoffice protocol.
Mail services and mail commands in linux
The document discusses Linux mail services and mail commands. It provides an overview of how email works in Linux, including the roles of MTAs, MDAs, POP3, and IMAP. It also describes different types of mailing lists and covers various mail commands like mail, print, reply, and their functions.
Tcpip services and applications
The document discusses several TCP/IP protocols used for communication over the internet including SMTP, HTTP, FTP, TFTP, NNTP, SNMP, POP, IMAP, and Telnet. It describes the basic functions and workflows of each protocol.
Smtp
SMTP is a protocol that handles the delivery of emails between servers. It works behind the scenes to move emails from the sender's computer to the recipient's inbox in a store-and-forward manner, passing through multiple servers along the way and briefly storing emails at each step. An SMTP relay service receives emails from a client and queues them for delivery to the final destination, either successfully delivering the email or returning a non-delivery report. It provides reputation-based filtering to help ensure only legitimate emails are delivered.
Similar to How Email Works (20)
Lecture 9 electronic_mail_representation_and_transfer
Lecture 9 electronic_mail_representation_and_transfer
Introduction to basics command in linux, and working in linux
Introduction to basics command in linux, and working in linux
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)
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How Email Works
- 1. Text How Electronic Mail Works The Protocol cog-wheels of the Virtual World Sahil Babbar, Neeraj Vaishnao
- 3. Introduction Over “204 million” emails are sent per minute! Indispensable in the 21st Century. Robustness & Secureness Protocols Involved Mail Server-Client Interaction
- 4. Beginning the Magic User is provided with an editor to type the message(for web-based email client or desktop-based client). Connection is established between Client and SMTP server over the TCP. TCP Handshake follows. First the client sends a request to the server who is waiting for the client to join, then server responds back with ACK, and then in the third transmission (from the client to the server).
- 5. Click “Send” When the user clicks the send button then the email is transmitted to the SMTP server called Outgoing SMTP Server. The message along with some headers added from Transport Layer is send to the Network Layer in the form of Datagrams. Then this message is sent to SMTP server of the ISP. Note: Reliable delivery of this message is ensured by the SMTP protocol and not by the Network Layer.
- 6. On the Way - Part I Message needs to be reliably transmitted over the non- reliable network. SMTP Packet carries: Sender’s Address, Receipt’s Address, Subject, Message, Checksum. Parity check is done to ensure the data consistency over the unreliable network. TCP: Reliable Delivery, Error Control, Congestion Control
- 7. On the Way - Part II The Outgoing SMTP server sends the SMTP packets to the SMTP Server of the ISP of Receiver(called Destination SMTP Server). The Destination SMTP Server gets the information about the Outgoing SMTP Server, transmitting message according to MX(Mail eXchange) Record stored in DNS Server (Domain Name System) of the network over SMTP.
- 8. Reaching the Receiver This is done by obtaining the MX (Mail Exchange) Record associated with receiver’s email address. Example: If the receiver’s address is having the domain name as @iiitd.ac.in, the MX Record travel in the following manner: Root Server -> ac.in DNS Server -> Google’s DNS Server -> IIITD’s SMTP Server
- 11. Click “View” •Emails can be sent and viewed in various ways and one of them is using desktop email applications. •Desktop application maintains a connection with a remote server called MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) for storing the emails. •The user’s inbox is linked to MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) which is responsible for addition of new emails to user’s inbox. In Unix environments, the default settings for storing emails locally is present, which stores them in the HOME directory of the user. When users start their email clients then all the emails stored in the directory are shown and therefore, the remote server goes out of the picture.
- 12. Post Office Protocol v3 Its Storage in SMTP till the mail client on client’s machine does not request for an update. However, the mail is not transferred to the receiver’s machine immediately, it is stored in the SMTP server itself and gets transferred to receiver’s machine only after the receiver opens his email box and queries the mail server to retrieve the new emails. When the receiver initiates to access the email, another protocol called POP3 (Post Office Protocol) gets activated and fetches the mail updates onto the receiver’s machine.
- 13. Internet Message Access Protocol v4 •The main difference between both POP3 and IMAP is that POP3 stores the email messages, locally in the user’s machine and deletes the message from the server, once it is downloaded to the client’s machine and IMAP allows the user to remotely read the emails on the remote mail server and temporarily stores them locally. •IMAP serves as a cloud storage option. •Both POP3 and IMAP4 are used for receiving emails and SMTP and MSA are used to send emails. There are various email catching softwares available online which directly queries the Destination SMTP Server and display the emails in a browser window, although, these software run on localhost configurations.
- 14. Crux
- 15. Summary The concept of electronic mail has been a breakthrough in the history of communication and people have become so used to it that they often ignore the functioning engines behind their screens.