This document discusses electronic mail (e-mail) and how it works. It describes the key components of an e-mail system including user agents, message transfer agents, and message access agents. It explains the store-and-forward model that modern e-mail uses to send and receive messages between users. It also outlines the main protocols used for e-mail - SMTP for sending messages between servers, and POP3 or IMAP for users to access their messages. IMAP is generally preferred as it allows accessing and organizing messages from multiple devices.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a communications protocol for email retrieval and storage developed by Mark Crispin in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
IMAP uses port 143, and IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) uses port 993. IMAP, unlike POP, specifically allows multiple clients simultaneously connected to the same mailbox, and through flags stored on the server, different clients accessing the same mailbox at the same or different times can detect state changes made by other clients.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a communications protocol for email retrieval and storage developed by Mark Crispin in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
IMAP uses port 143, and IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) uses port 993. IMAP, unlike POP, specifically allows multiple clients simultaneously connected to the same mailbox, and through flags stored on the server, different clients accessing the same mailbox at the same or different times can detect state changes made by other clients.
Protocol layer
OSI model description details
post office protocol version 3 (pop3)
these three topics are describe in this slide.
this slide made by zakirul islam.
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
Protocol layer
OSI model description details
post office protocol version 3 (pop3)
these three topics are describe in this slide.
this slide made by zakirul islam.
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)MDSHABBIR12
Brief detail about pop3 and Electronic Mail. In this presentation, I describe the post office protocol and Electronic Mail.
1. History of Post Office Protocol.
2. Advantage and Disadvantage of postoffice protocol.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
2. E- mail ?
One of the most important services of internet
is electronic- mail.
Electronic mail, commonly referred to as e-
mail since 1993, is a method of exchanging
digital messages from a user to one or more
recipients.
Some early email systems required both the
users to be online at the same time.
3. Cont’d
Today's email systems are based on a store-
and-forward model.
Requires an account on a mail server and
supporting software on your PC
The username and password will allow you
to access your account
All e-mail programs allow you to Send,
Compose, Reply, and Forward mail
5. Architecture
User Agent -Software program that
composes, reads, replies to, and
forwards messages. It also handles
mailboxes.
Message Transfer Agent - The actual mail
transfer is done through message
transfer agents. SMTP is an example of
an MTA.
Message Access Agent - The software
that pulls messages out of a mailbox.
6. SCENARIORS IN E-MAIL
When the sender and the receiver
of an e-mail are on the same mail
server, we need only two user
agents.
7. When the sender and the receiver
of an e-mail are on different mail
servers, we need two UAs and a
pair of MTAs (client and server).
8. When the sender is connected to
the mail server via a LAN or a
WAN, we need two UAs and two
pairs of MTAs (client and server).
9. When both sender and receiver are
connected to the mail server via a LAN
or a WAN, we need two UAs, two pairs of
MTAs (client and server), and a pair of
MAAs (client and server). This is the
most common situation today.
10. SMTP, POP 3, IMAPV4
For exchanging of e-
mail, protocols are
required. These are:
11. SMTP
SMTP is short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is
a standard for sending electronic mail over internet
and part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
SMTP defines the message format and the message
transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the
mail.
SMTP is a relatively simple, text-based
protocol, where one or more recipients of a message
are specified and then the message text is
transferred.
The direction of the bulk data (messages) is from the
client to the server.
16. LIMITATIONS OF SMTP:
Security matters for SMTP are worse.
Its usefulness is limited by its
simplicity.
Transmission of binary files using SMTP
is not possible without converting into
text files. Use MIME to send mail in
other format.
It is limited to 7-bit ASCII characters
only.
SMTP servers may reject mail messages
beyond some specific length.
17. POP3 AND IMAPV4
The first and the second stages of mail
delivery use SMTP. However, SMTP is not
involved in the third stage because SMTP is a
push protocol; it pushes the message from the
client to the server.
In other words, the direction of the bulk data
(messages) is from the client to the server.
On the other hand, the third stage needs a pull
protocol; the client must pull messages from
the server. The direction of the bulk data are
from the server to the client. The third stage
uses a message access agent.
18. There are 3 stages in Mail Delivery:
The first and the second stages of mail
delivery use SMTP( push messages)
The third stage of mail delivery use
POP3 or IMAP4(pull messages)
Stages of Mail
Delivery
19. POP3 is simple and limited in functionality.
Need POP3 client on user machine and POP3
server on the mail server machine.
It is a pull protocol; the client must pull
messages from the server.
The direction of the bulk data are from the
server to the client.
It is a message access agent.
Pop 3
20. POP 3
Pop3 has two modes: keep mode and
delete mode
In delete mode mail is deleted from
mailbox after each retrieval.
In keep mode, mail remains in mailbox
after each retrieval.
21. Advantages:
Simple protocol
Easier to
implement
Copies all
messages when
connection is
made.
Disadvantages:
Don’t allow user
to organize mails
on server.
Don’t allow user
to partially
check the
contents of mail
before
downloading.
22. IMAPV4
As its name implies, IMAP allows us to access
email messages wherever we are .
Basically, email messages are stored on
servers. Whenever we heck inbox, our email
client contacts the server to connect with
messages.
When we read an email message using IMAP, we
aren't actually downloading or storing it on
computer; instead, we are reading it off of
the server.
As a result, it's possible to email from
several different devices without missing a
thing.
23. It as an intermediary between email
client and email server.
When you sign into an email client like
Microsoft Outlook, it contacts the
email server using IMAP.
The headers of all of your email
messages are then displayed.
If you choose to read a message, it is
quickly downloaded so that you can
see it - emails are not downloaded
unless you need to open them.
24. POP works by contacting email server and
downloading all new messages from it. Once
they are downloaded, they disappear from
the server.
If we decide to check email from a different
device, the messages that have been
downloaded previously will not be
available.
POP works fine for those who generally
only check their email messages from a
single device; those who travel or need to
access their email from various devices are
much better off with IMAP-based email
25. Unlike POP, IMAP allows us to access, organize,
read and sort email messages without having
to download them first.
As a result, IMAP is very fast and efficient.
The server also keeps a record of all of the
messages that we send, allowing us to access
sent messages from anywhere.
IMAP does not move messages from the server
to computer; instead, it synchronizes the
email that's on computer with the email that's
on the server.
POP3 VS IMAPV4
26. Advantages of imapv4
A user can check the email header prior to
downloading
A user can search the contents of the email
for a specific string of characters prior to
downloading
A user can partially download email
(helpful if email contains huge attachments
and connection is slow)
A user can create, delete, or rename
mailboxes on the mail server
A user can create a hierarchy of mailboxes in
a folder for email storage
27. It allows us to access email messages from
anywhere, and from many different devices as we
want.
It only downloads a message when we click on it. As a
result, you do not have to wait for all of your new
messages to download from the server before you
can read them.
Attachments are not automatically downloaded with
IMAP. As a result, you're able to check your messages a
lot more quickly and have greater control over
which attachments are opened.
Finally, IMAP can be used offline just like POP - you
can basically enjoy the benefits of both protocols in
one.
28. CONCLUSION
As the world becomes more mobile
than ever, IMAP is becoming more and
more popular. The proliferation of
smartphones, laptops, tablets and
other devices is making the demand
for IMAP stronger than ever.
While POP will remain popular with
people who only access their email via
one or two devices - and those who
have slow connections to the Internet -
IMAP is sure to remain the protocol of
choice for most of today's busy
people.