Heterocyclic Compounds Part-II (Pyrrole) by Dr Pramod R Padole

•Download as PPTX, PDF•

0 likes•213 views

1) Pyrrole has a molecular formula of C4H5N. The carbon and nitrogen atoms in pyrrole are sp2 hybridized. 2) Pyrrole forms 10 sigma bonds between the carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms through sp2-sp2 and sp2-s orbital overlaps. The unhybridized p-orbitals on each atom overlap to form delocalized pi bonds above and below the ring. 3) Pyrrole exhibits aromatic properties due to satisfying Huckel's rule with its 6 pi electrons in the aromatic sextet. This makes pyrrole more stable and favors electrophilic substitution over addition reactions.

Science

L o g o
Molecular orbital structure of Pyrrole:
pramodpadole@gmail.com By Dr Pramod R. Padole
M.O. of
Pyrrole
1
4
2
3
5Representation
of pyrrole
Molecular Formula
E.C. &
Hybridization of
C & N
E.C. of H
Structure
Formation of
delocalized pi (π)
bonds M.O. diagram
Formation of sigma (σ)
bonds M.O. diagram

LOGOMolecular orbital structure of
Pyrrole:
Molecular formula of pyrrole is C4H5N
 According to MOT, the sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds
molecular orbital diagram / structure of pyrrole are as,
sp2
hybridization
E.C. of C6
V.S.E.C.
2s2
, 2p2
2s 2px 2py 2pz
G.S.
E.C. of C6
E.S.
E.C. of C6
sp2
H.S.
unhybridised
orbital
3 sp2
H.Os.
sp2
hybridization
E.C. of N7
V.S.E.C.
2s2
, 2p3
2s 2px 2py 2pz
G.S.
E.C. of N7
E.S.
E.C. of N7
sp2
H.S.
unhybridised
orbital
3 sp2
H.Os.
Electronic configuration of Carbon: Electronic configuration of Nitrogen:
E.C. of H1
1s
&

1) Diazines are six-membered heterocyclic compounds derived from benzene where two CH groups are replaced by nitrogen atoms. This can occur at the 1,2; 1,3; or 1,4 positions. 2) Pyrimidine is a diazine where the nitrogen atoms are at the 1,3 positions. It is aromatic in nature and plays an important role in nucleic acids and vitamin B1. 3) Pyrimidines undergo electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Electrophilic substitution preferentially occurs at the 5th position while nucleophilic substitution occurs at the 2, 4, and 6th positions.

Heterocycic compound Furan

Drx Mathivanan Selvam

Furan is a colorless, flammable and volatile liquid with a five-membered aromatic ring containing four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It melts at -85.6°C and boils at 31.3°C. Furan and its derivatives have a variety of medical uses, including as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic agents. Commercially, furan is prepared by acid hydrolysis of pentosans from agricultural waste into furfural, which can then be reduced to furan.

Stereochemistry-Organic Chemistry

Mr.S.SEETARAM SWAMY

The document discusses different types of isomers including constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, geometric isomers (cis and trans), optical isomers (enantiomers), and diastereomers. It provides examples and definitions for each type of isomerism. Key points covered include how cis and trans isomers differ based on the orientation of groups around a double bond, how enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images that have different effects in living systems, and methods for assigning absolute configuration using Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules.

Conformation of ethane and n butane

Drx Mathivanan Selvam

The document discusses the conformations of ethane and butane molecules. It explains that ethane can exist in staggered or eclipsed conformations, with the staggered being more stable due to less repulsive interactions. Six conformations are possible when one methyl group rotates, with three staggered and three eclipsed. Staggered conformations have lower potential energy. Butane also has staggered and eclipsed conformations, with the anti conformation being the most stable due to the methyl groups being furthest apart.

Pyridine and pyrimidine

Pharma Rising, Bhopal

Relative Aromaticity & Reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan & Thiophene

Sowmiya Perinbaraj

Pyrrole, furan, and thiophene can all be aromatic according to Hückel's rule. Thiophene exhibits the greatest aromaticity followed by pyrrole then furan. This order correlates with the electronegativity of the heteroatoms, with sulfur being the least electronegative. In terms of reactivity towards electrophilic substitution, pyrrole reacts most readily followed by furan then thiophene. Pyrrole's carbon atoms are most electron-rich due to nitrogen's mesomeric effect outweighing its inductive effect.

The document outlines rules for assigning R and S configurations using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority system. It discusses 3 steps: 1) Assigning priority numbers 1-4 to substituents based on atomic number, 2) Tracing a circle from the #1 to #2 to #3 substituents, and 3) Determining if the #4 substituent is oriented into or out of the page plane to assign it as R or S. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the 3 steps to assign stereochemical configuration unambiguously.

99997092 (1).pptx

YihunieGetnet

1) A symmetry operation leaves an object in an indistinguishable configuration from the original. There are five symmetry elements - n-fold rotation axis (Cn), plane of symmetry (σn), improper rotation axis (Sn), inversion center (i), and identity (E). 2) Cn rotation involves rotating around an axis by 360/n degrees. σn reflection involves reflecting through a plane. Sn rotation-reflection involves rotating and then reflecting. Inversion (i) involves reflecting through the center. 3) Common molecules like water (C2), ammonia (C3), methane (C3v) demonstrate different symmetry elements and operations

Stereochemistry: Various projection formulas and their inter conversion : Le...

Dr.Mohd Kamil Hussain, Department of Chemistry, Govt Raza PG College Rampur

The document discusses various methods for visually representing the three-dimensional structures of molecules in two dimensions, including wedge-dash diagrams, Newman projections, Sawhorse projections, and Fischer projections. It also discusses the differences between enantiomers, diastereomers, and meso compounds. Elements of symmetry that can be present in molecules, such as planes of symmetry and centers of symmetry, are defined.

Furan presentation

Vayu Chaurasiya

Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a colorless, flammable, and highly volatile liquid. Some important drugs containing furan rings include ranbezolid, nifurzide, and ranitidine. Furan can be synthesized through several methods, such as from pentosans, oxidation of cis-but-2-ene-1,4-diol, and from diacetosuccinic ester. It undergoes various reactions including electrophilic substitution, nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, acylation, and Diels-Alder reactions. Furaneol and ran

Thiophene ppt 1

wadhava gurumeet

Aromaticity

RAHEELA Khan

This document provides an overview of aromatic compounds including benzene derivatives, antiaromatic compounds, annulenes, heterocyclic compounds, and metallocenes. It defines aromaticity as involving delocalized pi electrons within a conjugated cyclic system. The key requirements for aromaticity are a cyclic conjugated structure, planarity, and obeying Huckel's rule of 4n+2 pi electrons. Common aromatic heterocycles include furan, pyrrole, thiophene, and pyridine. Ferrocene is provided as an example of a metallocene.

Pyridine - Syntheis, Reactions and Medicinal uses

Dr Venkatesh P

Five membered heterocyclic compounds

Beena Negi

The document discusses aromatic five-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom - pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. Pyrrole has a higher boiling point than furan and thiophene due to hydrogen bonding. These compounds undergo electrophilic substitution at the carbon atoms. Thiophene has the most resonance structures. The order of aromaticity is benzene > thiophene > pyrrole > furan. Pyrrole is acidic due to stabilization of its conjugate base by resonance. Furan can undergo Diels-Alder reactions while thiophene and pyrrole cannot due to aromaticity.

Resolution of racemic mixture

Iqrar Ansari

The document discusses various methods for resolving a racemic mixture into its pure enantiomers, including: 1) Mechanical separation, which separates crystal forms of enantiomers 2) Preferential crystallization, which seeds a solution with a pure enantiomer to induce crystallization 3) Biochemical separation using microorganisms that metabolize one enantiomer more quickly 4) Chromatographic separation exploiting differences in how enantiomers adsorb to a chiral support 5) Kinetic methods using reactions that proceed at different rates for each enantiomer 6) Precipitation of one enantiomer through reaction with a reagent 7) Formation of diastereomers with an opt

Pyrrole (o.c iv)

Srinivas Bhairy

The document discusses the heterocyclic compound pyrrole. It begins by introducing heterocyclic compounds and classifying pyrrole as a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing one nitrogen atom. The structure of pyrrole is described as aromatic with delocalized pi electrons. Pyrrole can be prepared through various methods including from furan or by the Paal-Knorr synthesis. Pyrrole exhibits properties of both a weak acid and base and undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution. Important medicinal compounds containing pyrrole rings include procyclidine, an anti-muscarinic drug.

Nitrenes - Bebeto . G

Bebeto G

Nitrenes are nitrogen analogues of carbenes that contain no charge and are highly reactive and electrophilic. They exist in both singlet and triplet states, with the triplet state being more stable due to the presence of unpaired electrons. Nitrenes can be generated from acyl and alkyl azides, from sulphinylamine, or through insertion reactions. Important reactions involving nitrenes include the Beckmann rearrangement, Hofmann bromamide reaction, Curtius rearrangement, Lossen rearrangement, and Schmidt rearrangement.

5 memberd heterocyclic compound pyrrol

POURNIMA BHALEKAR

This document provides an overview of pyrrole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound. It discusses the introduction and history of pyrrole, its nomenclature, physical properties, chemical reactions, derivatives, and methods of synthesis. Key points include that pyrrole is aromatic and more reactive than benzene, undergoing electrophilic substitution. It also discusses common derivatives like hydroxypyrroles, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Synthesis methods covered include the Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis, and Paal-Knorr synthesis. In conclusion, pyrrole has applications in pharmaceuticals, fungicides, and other therapeutically active compounds.

pyrrole-200404172118 (1).pdf

ChintuCH1

This document provides an overview of the heterocyclic compound pyrrole. It begins with an introduction to heterocyclic compounds and defines pyrrole. The document then covers the nomenclature, physical properties, chemical properties and reactions, derivatives, and various methods of synthesizing pyrrole. Applications of pyrrole are also discussed. Key points include that pyrrole is aromatic, contains a 5-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, and is present in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions and exhibits aromatic character due to resonance stabilization.

Allyl derivatives, sandwich compounds and half sandwich compounds

VijayalakshmiNair1

Heterocyclic compounds bascis of nomenclature

Kaggwa Bruhan

This document defines heterocyclic compounds and outlines their nomenclature, classification, properties, synthesis, and medicinal importance. Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur within their cyclic structure. The document discusses IUPAC and common naming systems and classifies heterocycles by nature and number of heteroatoms, degree of saturation, and ring size. Examples of important heterocyclic drug classes are provided, including imidazoles, benzimidazoles, pyridines, quinolines, barbiturates, and others. The key objectives, properties, reactions, and medical relevance of heterocyclic compounds are summarized.

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyridine) by dr pramod r. padole

pramod padole

1) The document discusses heterocyclic compounds, focusing on 6-membered heterocyclic compounds like pyridine. 2) Pyridine, also known as azabenzene, has the molecular formula C5H5N. It contains a six-membered ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. 3) The document describes two methods for synthesizing pyridine: from acetylene by passing a mixture of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide through a hot tube, and from pentamethylene diamine hydrochloride by heating to form piperidine and then further heating with sulfuric acid or nitrobenzene.

Heterocyclic compounds part- III(Pyrrole)

pramod padole

1. The document discusses the basic and acidic nature of the heterocyclic compound pyrrole. 2. Pyrrole acts as a weak base due to the lone pair on the nitrogen atom being involved in resonance within the aromatic pyrrole ring. This decreases the availability of the lone pair for donation. 3. Pyrrole also acts as a weak acid due to the N-H bond being weak as the nitrogen lone pair is delocalized through resonance. Proton removal forms a stabilized pyrryl anion through resonance delocalization of the negative charge.

What's hot

Heterocyclic compounds part-II (Pyrrole)

pramod padole

Chichibabin Reaction

PRUTHVIRAJ K

Molecular symmetry and chirality

PRUTHVIRAJ K

Stereochemistry notes

Dr. Krishna Swamy. G

Conformational analysis of cyclohexane

Madhusudan Bachute

R & S Nomenclature

Sana Jamshaid (사나 잠셰드)

99997092 (1).pptx

YihunieGetnet

Stereochemistry: Various projection formulas and their inter conversion : Le...

Dr.Mohd Kamil Hussain, Department of Chemistry, Govt Raza PG College Rampur

Furan presentation

Vayu Chaurasiya

Thiophene ppt 1

wadhava gurumeet

Aromaticity

RAHEELA Khan

Pyridine - Syntheis, Reactions and Medicinal uses

Dr Venkatesh P

Five membered heterocyclic compounds

Beena Negi

Resolution of racemic mixture

Iqrar Ansari

Pyrrole (o.c iv)

Srinivas Bhairy

Nitrenes - Bebeto . G

Bebeto G

5 memberd heterocyclic compound pyrrol

POURNIMA BHALEKAR

pyrrole-200404172118 (1).pdf

ChintuCH1

Allyl derivatives, sandwich compounds and half sandwich compounds

VijayalakshmiNair1

Heterocyclic compounds bascis of nomenclature

Kaggwa Bruhan

What's hot (20)

Heterocyclic compounds part-II (Pyrrole)

Chichibabin Reaction

Molecular symmetry and chirality

Stereochemistry notes

Conformational analysis of cyclohexane

R & S Nomenclature

99997092 (1).pptx

Stereochemistry: Various projection formulas and their inter conversion : Le...

Furan presentation

Thiophene ppt 1

Aromaticity

Pyridine - Syntheis, Reactions and Medicinal uses

Five membered heterocyclic compounds

Resolution of racemic mixture

Pyrrole (o.c iv)

Nitrenes - Bebeto . G

5 memberd heterocyclic compound pyrrol

pyrrole-200404172118 (1).pdf

Allyl derivatives, sandwich compounds and half sandwich compounds

Heterocyclic compounds bascis of nomenclature

Similar to Heterocyclic Compounds Part-II (Pyrrole) by Dr Pramod R Padole

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyridine) by dr pramod r. padole

pramod padole

Heterocyclic compounds part- III(Pyrrole)

pramod padole

Heterocyclic Compounds Part -III (Pyrrole) by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

1. The document discusses the basic and acidic nature of the heterocyclic compound pyrrole. 2. Pyrrole acts as a weak base due to the lone pair on the nitrogen atom being involved in resonance within the aromatic pyrrole ring. This decreases the availability of the lone pair for donation. 3. Pyrrole also acts as a weak acid due to the N-H bond being weak as the nitrogen lone pair is involved in resonance. This increases the possibility of proton removal to form the stabilized pyrryl anion.

Hibridisasi

Ismail UshMan

1. The document discusses orbital hybridization and how the shapes of atomic orbitals transform when atoms bond to form molecules. 2. Orbital hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals with different orbital types (s, p, d) to form new hybrid orbitals that are used in bonding. The type of hybridization determines the molecular geometry. 3. Common hybridizations include sp, sp2, sp3 for molecules with 2, 3, 4 bonding groups respectively. More hybridized orbitals like sp3d and sp3d2 are needed for molecules with 5 and 6 bonding groups that have trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral geometries.

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyrrole)

pramod padole

This document discusses heterocyclic compounds and their synthesis. It describes three methods for synthesizing pyrrole: 1) From acetylene by passing a mixture of acetylene and ammonia through a hot tube, 2) From succinimide by heating it with zinc dust which causes it to isomerize to an enol form that then forms pyrrole, 3) An industrial method where furan and ammonia are passed over heated alumina at 400-500°C to form pyrrole and water. The document also discusses classification of heterocyclic compounds and gives examples of 5-membered, 6-membered, and condensed heterocyclic compounds.

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyrrole)by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

Heptavalent state of Transuranium & VII-th Group Of Periodic Table

Konstantin German

Stereochemistry in main group compounds.

Shivaji Burungale

This document summarizes several theories and concepts related to stereochemistry in main group compounds, including: 1) VSEPR theory which describes the geometry of molecules based on electron pairs around the central atom. It explains linear, trigonal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral geometries. 2) Bent's rule which describes how atomic s-character concentrates in orbitals directed toward electropositive substituents. 3) Walsh diagrams which use molecular orbital energies to determine molecular geometry. 4) Berry pseudorotation and fluxionality concepts which explain rapid ligand exchange in molecules like PF5.

Quiz pujiati(06121010018)

Pujiati Puu

The document contains a quiz with multiple chemistry questions and their answers. Question 1 asks to draw Lewis structures for N2O and determine the most stable structure. Question 2 asks for the shapes of various molecules. Question 3 explains the bonding in a PCl5 molecule using hybridization theory and draws its trigonal bipyramidal shape. Question 4 gives a fermentation reaction of glucose producing ethanol and carbon dioxide, then asks to calculate moles, grams, and liters of products formed.

Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Late-Transition-Metal 2,6-...

mariam1020

The document summarizes research into synthesizing and characterizing complexes of the ligand 2,6-bis(2-phosphaethenyl)pyridine (PNP) with late transition metals. Rhodium, copper and silver complexes were prepared and analyzed. The PNP ligand coordinates in a tridentate fashion to rhodium and copper, but binds only through the two phosphorus atoms to silver. The rhodium complex was found to catalyze a conjugate addition reaction.

Inorganic Chem Pre 2r

mariam1020

Sulfapyridine paper

Jamal Pratt

This document summarizes the crystal structures of four sulfapyridine solvates determined at 173 K: sulfapyridine polymorph III, sulfapyridine dioxane solvate, sulfapyridine tetrahydrofuran solvate, and sulfapyridine piperidine solvate. The structures were analyzed and compared to examine conformational polymorphism. Sulfapyridine and the dioxane and tetrahydrofuran solvates crystallized in the imide form, while the piperidine solvate crystallized as the piperidinium salt. Hydrogen bonding networks existed between sulfone oxygen and aniline nitrogen atoms in all structures. Solvent molecules in the dioxane and tetrahydrof

P-BLOCK ELEMENT STRUCTURE.pptx

shubhamRahate7

The document provides information on the structures of various p-block elements and compounds. It discusses the molecular structures of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus and various allotropes. It also summarizes the molecular structures of ammonia, nitrogen oxides, phosphorus chlorides and oxyacids of phosphorus. Structures of sulfur, ozone, oxoacids of sulfur and chlorine are also covered briefly.

Steroids

AZMIN MOGAL

This document provides an overview of steroids, including their core structure, nomenclature, stereochemistry, and classification. Steroids contain a 17 carbon core arranged in four fused rings. They are named based on this core structure and functional groups. Steroids can have 64 possible stereoisomers due to the asymmetric carbons in the core. They are classified into groups including sterols, sex hormones, cardiac glycosides, and bile acids based on the functional groups on the R group. Cholesterol is an important animal sterol that is a precursor to vitamins and hormones.

neucleic acids biosynthesis.ppt

DrMuhammadOmairChaud

The document summarizes key aspects of nucleotides and nucleic acids. It begins by introducing nucleotides and their roles as energy carriers and structural components of enzymes and nucleic acids. It then describes the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure, including the double helix structure, base pairing between A-T and G-C, and antiparallel strands. It also notes that this structure allows for the duplication of genetic information during DNA replication through strand complementarity.

s15-miller-chap-8a-lecture.ppt

carlmanaay

Nucleotides are components of nucleic acids DNA and RNA and have several important cellular functions. They contain a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. The four major nucleotides that make up DNA contain the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The four major nucleotides that make up RNA contain adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine. Nucleotides are linked together via phosphodiester bonds between the 5' phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl group of the next, forming the backbones of nucleic acids.

Relations between structure and nicotine-like activity: X-ray crystal structu...

Georgi Daskalov

Hybridization-2

dnyaneshwar1970

Heterocyclic and organometallic compounds.pptx

AsifAli165576

Heterocyclic and organometallic compounds are discussed in the document. Specifically, it provides an overview of aromatic heterocycles including their structure, classification, nomenclature, and the chemistry of furan, pyrrole and thiophene. It also discusses organometallic compounds and their structure, reactivity, and synthetic applications. Key compounds discussed include pyridine, organomagnesium, organolithium, and organic compounds containing sulfur, phosphorus, boron and silicon.

IJCA 41A(9) 1860-1863

Boobalan Pachaiyappan

This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of two single-strapped 21-thia-tetraphenylporphyrins. The two adjacent phenyl groups at the meso position of 21-thia-tetraphenylporphyrin were linked by either a rigid aromatic group or a flexible alkyl chain. NMR, absorption, and fluorescence studies indicated that the rigid aromatic group induced more nonplanarity in the porphyrin ring compared to the flexible alkyl chain. The synthesis involved condensing thiophene diol, dialdehyde, and pyrrole to form a mixture of porphyrins, which were then separated via chromatography. Characterization confirmed the structures and indicated the rigid strap caused more distortion of the porph

Similar to Heterocyclic Compounds Part-II (Pyrrole) by Dr Pramod R Padole (20)

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyridine) by dr pramod r. padole

Heterocyclic compounds part- III(Pyrrole)

Heterocyclic Compounds Part -III (Pyrrole) by Dr Pramod R Padole

Hibridisasi

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyrrole)

Heterocyclic compounds part-I (Pyrrole)by Dr Pramod R Padole

Heptavalent state of Transuranium & VII-th Group Of Periodic Table

Stereochemistry in main group compounds.

Quiz pujiati(06121010018)

Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Late-Transition-Metal 2,6-...

Inorganic Chem Pre 2r

Sulfapyridine paper

P-BLOCK ELEMENT STRUCTURE.pptx

Steroids

neucleic acids biosynthesis.ppt

s15-miller-chap-8a-lecture.ppt

Relations between structure and nicotine-like activity: X-ray crystal structu...

Hybridization-2

Heterocyclic and organometallic compounds.pptx

IJCA 41A(9) 1860-1863

More from pramod padole

Introduction of Syllabus B. Sc. Part-I (Sem-I) Session-2021-2022 by Dr Pramod...

pramod padole

B. Sc. Part - I (Sem-II) Unit-IV (C) Epoxides by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

B.Sc. Part-I (Sem-II) Unit-IV (B) Ethers by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

B. Sc. Part - I (Sem-II) Unit-IV (A) Phenols by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

B.Sc. Sem-II (Unit-III) (C) by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

B.Sc. Sem-II Unit-III (B) Aryl halides by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

The document discusses aryl halides, specifically benzyl chloride and chlorobenzene. It provides methods of synthesizing benzyl chloride from toluene and benzyl alcohol, and discusses its reactions with aqueous KOH, NH3, and sodium ethoxide. It also discusses synthesizing chlorobenzene from benzene, phenol, and benzene diazonium chloride, and the reactions of chlorobenzene with aqueous NaOH, NH3, and sodium ethoxide. The document aims to teach undergraduate chemistry students about the properties and reactions of aryl halides.

B.Sc. (Sem-II) Unit-III (A) Alkenyl Halides by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

This document discusses alkenyl halides, specifically vinyl chloride and allyl chloride. It provides methods of preparation of vinyl chloride from acetylene and of allyl chloride from propylene. It also describes the chemical reactions of vinyl chloride and allyl chloride with aqueous and alcoholic KOH. Allyl chloride is more reactive than vinyl chloride due to the percentage of s-character in the C-Cl bond, stabilization of the allyl carbocation by resonance, and double bond character in the C-Cl bond of vinyl chloride.

Introduction of University Chemistry Syllabus of B. Sc.-Part-I (Sem-II) by Dr...

pramod padole

This document provides an overview of the B.Sc. Part I Semester II chemistry syllabus taught by Dr. Pramod R. Padole at Shri Shivaji Science College in Amravati, India. The syllabus covers inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry units. For inorganic chemistry, the units cover topics like polarization, covalent bonding, acids and bases, p-block elements, noble gases, and non-aqueous solvents. The organic chemistry units discuss alkenyl halides, aryl halides, alcohols, phenols, ethers, and epoxides. Finally, the physical chemistry units focus on physical properties and molecular structure, and chemical kinetics.

Introduction of Chemistry Syllabus of B. Sc. Part-I (Semester-II) by Dr Pram...

pramod padole

This document provides an introduction to the B.Sc. Part I Semester II chemistry syllabus from Shri Shivaji Science College in Amravati, India. It outlines the six units that will be covered: inorganic chemistry (units I-II), organic chemistry (units III-IV), and physical chemistry (units V-VI). Each unit is briefly described, including topics like polarisation, covalent bonding, acids and bases (unit I), p-block elements, noble gases, and non-aqueous solvents (unit II). Contact information is provided for questions.

Introduction of University Chemistry Syllabus B. Sc.-III (Sem-VI) Session 202...

pramod padole

This PowerPoint presentation introduces the B.Sc. Sem-VI chemistry syllabus at Shri Shivaji Science College in Amravati, India. It covers 6 units: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and elementary quantum mechanics. The inorganic chemistry units cover topics like kinetics of metal complexes, analytical chemistry techniques like spectroscopy and chromatography. The organic chemistry units cover spectroscopy techniques like electronic, infrared, and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The physical chemistry units cover elementary quantum mechanics, electrochemistry, and nuclear chemistry.

B. Sc. Sem - I Unit-IV (D) Orientation by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

B.Sc. Sem-I Unit-IV Mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution by Dr P...

pramod padole

B.Sc. Sem-I Unit-IV Aromatic, antiaromatic and non aromatic compounds by Dr P...

pramod padole

This document discusses aromaticity and Huckel's rule. It begins by explaining Huckel's rule, which states that cyclic compounds with (4n+2) pi electrons are aromatic, where n is an integer. Examples of aromatic compounds that satisfy Huckel's rule like benzene and naphthalene are given. The characteristics of aromatic compounds such as being cyclic, planar, and having delocalized pi electrons are described. Antiaromatic compounds that have 4n pi electrons are also discussed along with examples like cyclobutadiene. The document concludes by defining non-aromatic compounds that are neither aromatic nor antiaromatic, using cyclooctatetraene as an example.

B.Sc. Sem-I Unit-IV Nomenclature and Isomerism of Aromatic Compounds by Dr P...

pramod padole

Kekule proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure consisting of six carbon atoms joined together in a hexagonal ring with alternating single and double bonds. This structure accounts for benzene's properties such as its cyclic nature, the presence of three double bonds, and the stability from resonance. The structure is supported by evidence like benzene's molecular formula, reactions that produce benzene triozonide, and hydrogenation producing cyclohexane.

Sem - I Unit-III C) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons By Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

1. The document discusses aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. 2. It describes the classification and properties of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, which are the three main types of aliphatic hydrocarbons. 3. The key reactions of alkanes discussed are halogenation (addition of halogens) and aromatization (formation of aromatic compounds). Methods for preparing alkanes like the Wurtz reaction and Corey-House reaction are also summarized.

M.Sc.Part-II Sem- III (Unit - IV) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

pramod padole

This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It begins with definitions and basic principles of NMR, including how nuclei absorb radio frequencies in a magnetic field. It then discusses NMR instrumentation and the effects of chemical equivalence and spin splitting on NMR signals. The document outlines the contents to be covered, including principles of NMR, instrumentation, chemical equivalence, splitting of signals, and practice problems. It aims to discuss practical aspects of NMR and its application in solving structures of organic molecules.

Dyes, Drugs & Pesticides by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

A] Dyes: Classification on the basis of structure and mode of application, Preparation and uses of Methyl orange, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein , Alizarin and Indigo. B) DRUGS: Analgesic and antipyretics: Synthesis and uses of phenylbutazone. Sulpha drugs: Synthesis and uses of sulphanilamide and sulphadiazine. Antimalarials: Synthesis of chloroquine from 4,7-dichloroquinoline and its uses. C] Pesticides: Insecticides: Synthesis and uses of malathion. Herbicides: Synthesis and uses of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). Fungicides: Synthesis and uses of thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulphide).

Semester - I C) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

C) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: a) Alkanes: Methods of formation: i) Wurtz reaction & ii) Corey-House reaction. Chemical reactions: i) Halogenation (With mechanism), ii) Aromatisation. b) Alkenes: Methods of formation (With mechanism): i) Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (E1 & E2), ii) Dehydration of alcohols. Chemical reactions: Electrophilic & free radical addition of HX and X2 (With mechanism).

Semester - I C) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

Semester - I B) Reactive Intermediates by Dr Pramod R Padole

pramod padole

The document discusses various reactive intermediates in organic chemistry, focusing on carbocations and carbanions. It defines carbocations as organic ions with a positively charged carbon atom and carbanions as organic ions with a negatively charged carbon atom. It describes their structures, methods of generation, stability orders, and factors affecting stability such as inductive and resonance effects. Carbocations are more stable with electron-donating groups or resonance, while carbanions are more stable with electron-withdrawing groups or resonance. The document also provides examples and practice questions related to these reactive intermediates.

More from pramod padole (20)