VI & VII SEMESTER COMBINE CLASS

1. Health planning and Management
Dr.Sahithyaa
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Community Medicine

2. Health planning and Management
• Planning is for tomorrow and management is for
today.
- match limited resources but many problems.
- eliminate waste and duplication.
- develop best course of action.
• Planning needed since health care cost is up.
• Essential for higher standard of health.
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3. Planning
• 3 steps
• A) Plan formulation.
• B) Execution.
• C) Evaluation.
• Team work and consultation involves inter-sectoral
coordination.
• National development via sectoral planning
• Continuous, systematic, co-ordinated
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4. Health planning
• Part of nation development.
• Orderly process of defining community health
problems.
• Identifying unmet needs.
• Surveying resources.
• Establishing priority goals and projecting
feasible administrative action. 4

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8. Health needs, Demands and Resources
• Deficiencies in health that calls for preventive,
curative , control or eradication measures.
• People perceive needs which experts do not identify.
• Manpower, money, materials , skills, knowledge etc.
• Wastage of resources if there is poor planning.
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9. Objectives, Targets and Goals.
• An objective is precise- achieved or not,
• and is the planned end point of all activities.
• A target is discrete activity – number of anything.
• Target concerns with factors in a problem while objective
deals with problem directly.
• Goal is ultimate state towards which objectives and
resources are directed.
• Goal is not constrained by time, nor necessarily
attainable.
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11. Prevention
• Over – ambitions hopes of eradication in short time
usually fails.
• Change will be slow.
• Legal approach: legislation,ban and restriction at
various levels.
• Prohibition of ads, sale to minors, in public places
• Use of health warnings on packs.
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12. Plan
• Blue print for taking action.
• Programme: sequence of activities designed to
implement policies and accomplish objectives.
• Schedule: time sequence for work to be done.
• Procedures: set of rules for carrying work.
• Policies: Guiding principles, stated as an expectation,
not a commandment.
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13. Pre-planning
• Government interest.
• Legislation
• Organization for planning.
• Administrative capacity.
• Planning cycle: planning involves succession of
steps.
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14. Planning cycle
• Analysis of Health situation:
• - collection, assessment and interpretation of
information.
• Data needed such as,
• The population, its age and sex structure.
• Statistics of morbidity and mortality.
• Knowledge, attitude and practice of people 14

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16. Establishment , assessment and priorities.
• Objectives are essential.
• They are broad at upper level but get more specified
at lower levels.
• Objectives are short term and long term.
• Balance is needed for resource allocation.
• Priorities need to be established and then alternate
plans should be formulated.
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17. Plan, Programming and Implementation
• Prepare detailed plans with inputs and outputs.
• Plan with working guidance and built in evaluation.
• Implementation considerations
• - definition of roles and tasks.
• - selection, training, motivation and
supervision.
• - organization and communication
• - efficiency
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18. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Day to day follow up of activities.
• Continuous process of observing, recording and
reporting.
• Keeping track of activities and identifying deviation.
• Evaluation is concerned with final outcome.
• Measures the degree to which objectives, targets
and quality are fulfilled.
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19. Management
• Highly confusing.. term
• The purposeful and effective use of resources for
fulfilling predetermined objectives.
• 4 basic activities
• - Planning
• - Organizing
• - Communicating
• - Monitoring
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• Who emphasizes modern management techniques. 19

20. Management methods and techniques
Based on behavioural science
• Organizational design: Must meet demands of the
people, reviewed every few years.
• Personnel Management: Skill full use of human
resources. Like incentives, promotions, teams etc.
• Communication: Effective functioning of
organisation. Blocks exist at various levels.
• Information systems: Collection, classification,
transmission, storage etc. 20

21. Management methods and techniques
• Quantitative Methods:
• Cost-Benefit analysis: economic benefits are
compared with cost of the programme.
• - Benefits are expressed in monetary terms.
• - Scope limited
• Cost effective analysis: benefits are expressed in
terms of results achieved.
• Cost-accounting: cost structure of every activity
accounted. 3 important purpose- cost control,
planning, pricing of reimbursement. 21

22. Management methods and techniques
• Input-Output analysis: Input is resources and
output is outcome.
• How much input for a unit change in output.
• Model and systems analysis:
• Model is basic concept in management.
• It is an abstraction of reality.
• Systems analysis: helps to find the const
effective alternative
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24. Management methods and techniques
• Network analysis: Graphic plan of all events and
activities.
• PERT: Programme evaluation and review technique.
• -involves arrow diagram
• - it furnishes continuous, timely progress reports.
• Critical Path Method:
• Longest path of any network
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26. Management methods and techniques
• Planning – Programming Budgeting system: helps to
allocate resource.
• Work sampling: Systematic observation and
recording of activities at predetermined or random
intervals.
• Decision Making:
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27. • Thank you
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