This document provides an evaluation of a health program. It discusses the purpose and types of program evaluation, including formative vs summative and internal vs external evaluations. Key aspects of programs that can be evaluated are outlined, such as accessibility, equity, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. A variety of tools for evaluation are mentioned, including surveys, case studies, and root cause analysis. The document also provides an example of evaluating India's National Program for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke.
Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery, which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Here is the slide on Healthcare economic evaluation. The content of this presentation doesn't belong to me. They are copied from several literature and internet
Disaster managment can save many lives.This presentation enumerates all steps required for Damage-control.It also stresses upon the importance of Primordial mode of prevention.
If you like this presentation and want to make for yourself,Please do contact me at rohit.bhansalis@gmail.com
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery, which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Here is the slide on Healthcare economic evaluation. The content of this presentation doesn't belong to me. They are copied from several literature and internet
Disaster managment can save many lives.This presentation enumerates all steps required for Damage-control.It also stresses upon the importance of Primordial mode of prevention.
If you like this presentation and want to make for yourself,Please do contact me at rohit.bhansalis@gmail.com
The way healthcare services are now planned, monitored and evaluated has considerably changed in the last decade. Many healthcare organizations have now moved from Activity-Based M&E(ie, what are we really doing?) to Performance-Based M&E which focuses on the overall results (ie what have we achieved?).
Therefore the focus now is on the Results and consequences of actions and implementations, rather than on the inputs (treatment, time, human resources) provided.
In Secondary Healthcare Management for instance, this is called Results-Based Management (RBM) and Performance-Based M&E play a vital role in Results-Based Management.
Planning, monitoring & evaluation of health care programarijitkundu88
this presentation is for the basic idea of planning monitoring and evaluation of health care programs. the details steps of planning is covered. i hope it will help all the persons interested in public health and different health programs.
Health planning steps and types of evaluation in community health nursing.pptxSapna Thakur
Planning is defined as: The process of. Analyzing the system for defining the problem. Assessing the extent to which the problems exists as a need. Formulating goals and objectives to alleviate the needs. Assessment of resources.
Develop a schedule for a healthcare website redesign project. Where .pdfSALES97
Develop a schedule for a healthcare website redesign project. Where the scope of the project is to
create a new portal for an enhanced healthcare management system that would be available to all
Doctors when treating a resident of the current state of practice. This software will make a
person medical record readily assessable to all Medical Doctors with a current and valid NPI
(National Practitioner .
Data to include:
• Phases and Activities/Tasks/Work Packages
• Key milestones • Names and descriptions for defined activities
• Start and End Dates
• Assigned Resources
• Duration in days
• Effort (in Microsoft Project, this is called Work) in hours In defining resources, include a total
for all work assigned to each resource in hours and a total cost for each resource. Aggregated
costs:
• Materials (if used)
• Staff
• Facilities (if appropriate) In assessing the final project, you will be expected to include the
following:
• Decomposition of project work into Phases and Activities
• Tasks that are linked using predecessor/successor dependencies
• Balanced resources -- no one resource is carrying the whole project or constraining the
schedule
• Effort, resources, and duration defined for every defined lowest-level task has. In addition,
consider the effect on the project of adjusting the schedule to deal with the status problems you
selected for the assignment in Module 6. Provide a paragraph describing the tactics you would
use to revise or crash the project schedule to respond to each problem, and include an assessment
of the overall impact on the project and its completion date. Include an additional paragraph
discussing at least one possible idea for shortening the project duration, with an assessment of
how much earlier you might be able to complete the work and what the overall costs and other
consequences would be to the project.
Solution
The delivery of health care has been quantified with the model, \"structure + process =
outcome.\"14 Present measurement systems may focus on any one of the components.
\"Structure\" in health care delivery can refer to the physical plant or the organizational structure
such as in credentialing. The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
(JCAHO), despite the recent emphasis on performance improvement, is an example of an
association examining structure. 15 \"Processes\" are specific patient interventions performed by
health care professionals and resulting in an outcome. Some examples of processes are childhood
immunization, use and timing of thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction (AMI),
mammography, and patient length of stay in the emergency department. \"Outcomes\" are the
result of the patient\'s interaction with health care professionals. Examples of clinical outcome
measures include mortality or length of stay associated with medical diagnoses or surgical
procedures, readmission rates, morbidity measures such as stroke after carotid endarterectomy,
and unplanned.
Developing comprehensive health promotion - MedCrave Online PublishingMedCrave
As the global prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases continues to rise, the need for effective health promotion programs is imperative. Whilst research into effectiveness of health promotion programs is needed to improve population health outcomes, translation of these research findings into policy and practice is crucial. Translation requires not only efficacy data around what to implement, but also information on how to implement it.
http://medcraveonline.com/MOJPH/MOJPH-02-00007.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. EVALUATION:
The collection and analysis of information to determine program performance,
i.e. “ finding out the value of something”
Evaluation of health program means a systematic and scientific process of determining the
extent to which an action or sets of objectives are achieved.
The process of evaluation involves 3 distinct stages –
vSelecting the attributes for evaluation
vSynthesizing of evidences
vFinal judgement
3
5. HEALTH:
For every evaluation there is a
need of statistics which is
usually called as health statistics
It is an aggregated
data describing and
enumerating
attributes, events,
behavior, services,
resources, outcomes
or cost related to
health, disease and
health services
A state of complete
physical, mental and
social well-being and not
merely an absence of
disease or infirmity
5
6. PROGRAM:
“an organized response to eradicate or eliminate or reduce one or more problems where
the response includes one or more objectives and the expenditure of resources”
Program is a set of procedures to conduct an activity, e.g. control of malaria
Project Appraisal:
Analysis undertaken prior to project implementation to estimate net benefit in relation to costs
PROGRAM PROJECT
Programs will typically span multiple functional units
within an organisation
Projects are typically confined to a single functional
unit within an organisation
Programs are executed over a much longer timescale than
projects, often several years
Projects are typically of a shorter duration often just
a few weeks, and by definition have a finite duration
Programs have a wide scope, focussing on benefits, and
may have to change scope dramatically during their
execution to meet the changing needs of the organisation
The scope of projects is tight – they are limited to
producing deliverables
6
7. PURPOSE OF EVALUATION
v To improve health plans, health programs, health infrastructure and health services delivery
v To assess the need for funding or further coordination of fund
7
8. RESPONSIBILITY FOR EVALUATION
vThe planners
vAd hoc research groups
vThose responsible for health development
vThose responsible for implementation
vThe community itself, especially wherever primary
health programs are being carried out
8
9. TYPE OF EVALUATION
Based on the purpose, progress and
components and activities, evaluation can
be divided into:
Total Partial
Time related
a) Initial
b) Mid-term
c) Final/ terminal
In relation to planning process:
a) Baseline or bench mark evaluation
b) Appraisal evaluation
c) Concurrent evaluation
According to agency
a) Internal evaluation (sometimes called self
evaluation), in which people within a
program sponsor, conduct and control the
evaluation.
b) External evaluation in which someone from
Outside the program.
9
11. Formative evaluation:
Evaluate the degree of need for the program, or the activities used by the program to achieve
its desirable outcomes, but without evaluating the degree of outcome
Summative evaluation:
Evaluation of the degree to which a program has achieved its desired outcomes, and the
degree to which any other outcomes (positive or negative) have resulted from the program
EVALUATION CAN BE FORMATIVE OR SUMMATIVE
11
13. EVALUATION CAN BE PROSPECTIVE OR RETROSPECTIVE
Prospective Evaluation: when a new program being introduced
Retrospective Evaluation: when programs have been functioning
for some time
13
14. 1. Review of records from National Health Information systems,
2. Monitoring: Input/efforts analysis, Management by Objectives, Gantt
Charts, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and the Critical
Path Methods (CPM) of analysis,
3. Case Studies,
4. Qualitative studies,
5. Sample surveys: Cross-Sectional studies,
6. Cohort studies,
7. Panel studies.
8. Controlled experiments and intervention studies
TOOLS OF EVALUATION
14
16. FISHBONE DIAGRAM:ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
16
“ Root cause analysis is a structured team process that
assists in identifying underlying factors or causes of an
adverse event or near-miss ”
18. DELAY FOR OPD
CONSULTATION
PEOPLE PROCESS
EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT
Delay in MRD file
Appointment system (only 10 patients)
Wrong reporting
Busy schedule
of doctors
Communication
gap between
Doctor and Staff
OT
Cases
Rounds
Emergency Cases
Walk in patients
Patients take time in filling
registration form
Language problem
Breakdown of equipment
HIS system is slow
Non availability of pen
Unexpected leave by consultant
Difficulty in taking lift and finding place
Queue
system
not
followed
Non
availabil
ity of
Queue
barriers
Height of the desk is
more
Delay in Registration process
Doctors will be available in IMS instead of
HRC OPD (Sometimes)
19. All the steps and standards of evaluation help in fulfilling the major objective of any
health program.
MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH PROGRAM:
v Accessibility
v Equitability
v Quality
v Effectiveness
v Efficiency
v Sustainability
19
20. ACCESS:
Measure of the extent to which a population can reach the health services it
needs delivered by either the public or private sector.
v Financial access- (also referred to as economic access) measures the extent
to which people are able to pay for health services.
v Physical access- (also referred to as geographic access) measures the extent
to which health services are available and reachable.
20
21. EQUITY:
Gender
equality
Equity
Human
Rights
It is a normative issue that refers to fairness in the allocation of resources or the
treatment of outcomes among different individuals or groups
v Horizontal equity- “equal treatment of equal needs”
v Vertical equity- concerned with the extent to which individuals with different
characteristics should be treated differently
21
22. QUALITY
Which is expected to maximize an inclusive measure of patient welfare.
Three aspects of quality ‘structural’, ‘process’ and ‘outcome’
‘Structural’ quality refers to whether appropriate resources are in place to provide health care
of a minimum standard (personnel trained for their tasks, well maintained equipment and
buildings, a regular drug supply)
‘Process’ quality generally refers to activities occurring during the interaction between the
health system and the client (i.e. Whether good quality Care is actually delivered).
‘Outcome’ quality in addition to health status, can include patient satisfaction and perceived
quality.
Outcome flows from process and refers to “changes in a patient’s current and future health
status that can be attributed to the antecedent health care.”
22
24. Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the extent to which planned outcomes, goals, or objectives are
achieved as a result of an activity, strategy, intervention or initiative intended to
achieve the desired effect, under ordinary circumstances
Efficiency
Refers to obtaining the best possible value for the resources from all stakeholders and sectors used
or using the least resources to obtain a certain outcome
- Technical efficiency(operational level , methods, manpower ,finance ,facilities etc)
- Cost efficiency(cost of vaccine, staff time, transportation, publicity is Rs.1000
a total of 100 children got vaccination, then cost efficiency ratio is Rs.10/Vac24
25. We must understand what is cost and various types of costs involved in program
Cost :factor of production
It is a monetary valuation applied to an asset or service that has been obtained by an
expenditure of cash by a commitment.
Cost-Direct
Indirect Cost
Fixed Cost
Incremental Cost
Cost Operating
Opportunity Cost
Production Cost
Recurrent Cost
Cost effective Analysis
Cost-benefit Analysis
Cost-utility Analysis
25
26. SUSTAINABILITY
Capacity of the system to continue its normal activities well into the future
vFinancial sustainability is the capacity of the health system to maintain an
adequate level of funding to continue its activities
vInstitutional sustainability refers to the capacity of the system, if suitably
financed to assemble and manage the necessary resources to successfully carry
on its normal activities in the future.
26
27. LOGIC MODEL OF PROGRAM EVALUATION
PROCESS
Short intermediate long
OUTCOMES
Inputs
ASSUMPTIONS/ CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
Activities Outputs
27
29. Inputs: resources that go into a program or intervention—what we invest.
They include financial, personnel, and in-kind resources from any source.
e.g. Various funding sources for program
Your partners
Staff time
Technical assistance
Activities: events undertaken by the program or partners to produce desired outcomes—
what we do, e.g. Create a state-level partnership
Train health care partners
Staff in clinical guidelines
Develop a community health communication campaign on signs and symptoms of
stroke, and to call 9-1-1.
29
30. Outputs are the direct, tangible results of activities—what we get.
These early work products often serve as documentation of progress.
e.g. State-level partnerships created
Health care professionals trained in clinical guidelines
Community health communication campaigns developed.
Outcomes are the desired results of the program—what we achieve.
Describing outcomes as short, intermediate, or long term depends on the objective, the length
of the program, and expectations of the program or intervention.
Short-term outcomes are the immediate effects of the program or intervention activities.
They often focus on the knowledge and attitudes of the intended audience
e.g. Increase partner knowledge of HDSP priorities and strategies
Increase physician knowledge of clinical guidelines
Increase knowledge of signs and symptoms of stroke and of the need to call 9-1-1.
30
31. Intermediate outcomes are behaviour, normative, and policy changes.
e.g. HDSP State Plan has been developed and published with partner involvement.
Health systems implement clinical guideline
Decrease transport time to treatment for stroke victims.
Long-term outcomes refer to the desired results of the program and can take years to accomplish.
e.g. Increase in state wide policy and environmental strategies for HDSP.
Increase in blood pressure control in a health centre population.
Increase in early treatment for stroke.
Impacts refer to the ultimate impacts of the program. Take 10 or more years to achieve.
e.g. Decrease in the rate of death due to heart disease.
Eliminate disparities in treatment for stroke between general and priority populations.
31
32. Assumptions are the beliefs we have about the program or intervention and the resources involved.
Assumptions include the way we think the program will work—the "theory" we have used to develop
the program or intervention.
Examples • Funding will be secure throughout the course of the project.
• Because we teach information, it will be adopted and used in the way we intended.
• Professionals will be motivated to attend learning sessions.
• External funds and well-placed change agents can facilitate institutional change.
• Staff with the necessary skills and abilities can be recruited and hired.
• Partnerships or coalitions can effectively address problems or reach into areas we cannot.
Contextual Factors describe the environment in which the program exists and external factors that
interact with and influence the program or intervention. These factors may influence implementation,
participation, and the achievement of outcomes. Contextual factors are the conditions over which we
have little or no control that affect success.
32
36. STRENGTHS
v Team of trained
and qualified
trainers.
vInnovation and execution
vJustifying support
function for all field
WEAKNESSES
v Scattered focus/
involved in several
unrelated activities.
vShortage of Aptitude
trainer.
v Shortage of
communication
v Poor infrastructure
OPPORTUNITIES
Government tie up
with
NGOs for
evaluation and
implementation of
health program
CHALLENGES
v Have the chance
of being overcome
v How program
need to be handled
appropriately
36