Planning involves systematically defining problems, setting priorities, developing goals and objectives, and determining strategies. It provides a blueprint for action. Planning includes situation analysis, priority setting, goal and objective development, resource assessment, plan formulation and writing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. There are two types of planning - internal planning done within an organization and external planning done by outside personnel. The planning process is cyclical and involves situation analysis, priority setting, planning formulation including programming and resource allocation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation to assess achievements and inform future planning. Evaluation assesses program merit, worth and impact through both formative evaluation during implementation and summative evaluation after completion.

1. Planning, implementation
& Evaluation

2. Learning outcomes:
• Define planning and evaluation
• Enumerate types of health planning
• List uses of planning
• Understand steps in planning process
• Describe evaluation process

4. A “Plan” is a decision about a course of action.
E.C.Banfield
“Planning is bringing the future into the present so that you can
do something about it now”
Alan Lakein

5. What is planning?
• Planning may be defined as a systematic approach of defining a
problem, setting priorities, developing specific goal and objectives
and determining alternative strategies and methods of
implementation.
-
• A plan is a blue print for taking actions. It is a decision about a
course of action. It is the product of planning process.

6. Need for health planning
Strike a balance between resources and needs
Avoid wastage of resources
To reach a goal in the smartest way
Improve the health services

7. Internal planning:
• Carried out by individuals who belong to the same system/ organization
• Recruited exclusively to formulate plans for the system
• Advantage: Has a fair idea about the system
• Disadvantage: May also carry some biases.
Types of planning

8. Types of planning
External planning
• Done by personnel who are recruited from outside
• Works for a short period of time
• Either give new plans or suggest changes in the existing system to
solve a problem.
• Advantage: Fresher look, less biases, greater sense of objectivity
• Disadvantage: Requires time to understand the system

9. Planning includes three steps
Plan
Formulation
Execution
Implementation
Evaluation
Assessment

10. Situation
analysis
Determining
priorities
Developing
Aims/objectives
Resource
assessment
Write up of
formulated plan
Implementation
Monitoring
Evaluation &
assessment
Planning cycle

11. 1) situation Analysis(assess the needs)
Collection, assessment and interpretation of information(data) in such a way as to
provide a clear picture of the health situation.
I. Primary data: interview/questionnaire/examinations
II. Secondary data: database/records

12. 2) Determine priorities
• Severity
• Number of people affected by the disease(problem affecting
large number)
• Lack of services/lack of use of those services.
High risk groups include
1. School children
2. Elderly person/groups
3. Physically & mentally handicapped

13. 3) Establishment of goals and objectives
Guide the
efforts
Prevents
haphazard
activity
Un-economical use
of funds
Time and
resources
Measure work

14. 4) Assessment of resources
Manpower
Money
Knowledge Skill
Materials
Technique

15. 5) Write-up of formulated plan
Each stage of the plan is defined and costed, and the time needed
to implement is specified.
The plan must contain a working guidance to all those
responsible for execution.
It must also contain a “built-in” system of evaluation.

16. Program Action plan
1. Educational
2. Direct services:
i. Preventive
ii. Screening
iii. Treatment
3. Organizational: change in organization infrastructure.
4. Legislation

17. 6) Programming & Implementation
 Definition of roles and tasks.
 Selection, training, motivation and supervision of the
manpower involved
 Organization and communication

18. 7) Monitoring
It is a continuous process of observing, recording, and reporting
on the activities of the organization or project.
Purpose of evaluation is to assess the achievements of the stated
objectives of a programme, its adequacy, its efficiency and its
acceptance by all parties.

19. 8) Evaluation & assessment
• Essential for decision making on future plan
• Evaluation may be defined as the systematic investigation of the
merit, worth, or significance of an object or a program.
• It is an applied research
– Involves value judgments
– Can seldom be applied to similar problems.

20. Scriven’s classification, 1967
Formative evaluation
Internal
evaluation
Occur during the
implementation of
the program
Aim at program
development
Summative evaluation
Judges the worth
of a program
Occur at the end of
the program
Mainly for
decision
makers(effectiven
ess)

21. Steps in evaluation
1) Determine what is to be evaluated
Structure evaluation: Refers to program setting
Process evaluation: Refers to techniques or methods employed
Outcome evaluation: Impact of the program

22. Steps in evaluation
2) Establishment of standard criteria
- Structural criteria: physical facilities and equipment
- Process criteria: Functioning of planning
- Outcome criteria: End result
3) Planning the methodology
- Certain standards and criteria must be included at the planning stage which needs to
be evaluated

23. Steps in evaluation
4) Gathering information: collect data regarding political, cultural, economic,
environmental and administrative factors
5) Analysis of results
6) Taking action: shifting priorities, modify or revise objectives, modify plan
7) Revaluation: Evaluation is ongoing process and health activities should be more
relevant, effective and efficient

24. Thank you
Any questions ?