Management involves coordinating efforts to accomplish goals using available resources efficiently. It includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Project and health systems management apply these principles. Management is essential for quality service delivery and achieving health outcomes. It requires ensuring adequate managers have appropriate competencies, critical support systems, and enabling work environments. Health planning follows a cycle of analyzing health situations, establishing objectives and goals, assessing resources, setting priorities, implementing plans, monitoring, and evaluating achievement.

1. Management
• Management is the function that coordinates
the efforts of people to accomplish
• goals and objectives using
• available resources
• efficiently and effectively.

2. • Management includes
– planning,
– organizing,
– staffing,
– leading or directing, and
– controlling
an organization

3. • Project management, then, is the application
of knowledge, skills and techniques to execute
projects effectively and efficiently.
• Disease management
• Health care system management

4. Health Systems Management
Health Care Management or Administration is the
field relating to
– leadership,
– management, and
– administration of
Public health systems, health care systems,
(hospitals, and hospital networks)

5. leadership and management
in health
• "Good leadership and management are about
providing direction to,
• and gaining commitment from, partners and
staff, facilitating change and achieving better
health services
• through efficient, creative and responsible
deployment of people and other resources"
(WHO/EIP/health systems/2005.1).

6. “What conditions are necessary for good
leadership and management at the
operational level"?.......Framework
1. ensuring an adequate number of
managers at all levels of the health system
2. ensuring managers have appropriate
competences
3. creating better critical management support
systems
4. creating an enabling working environment

7. Strengthening management capacity needs a strategic approach
as represented in the framework below:

8. Health systems management
objectives
• To ensures that specific outcomes are
attained, that departments within a health
facility are running smoothly, that the right
people are in the right jobs, that people know
what is expected of them, that resources are
used efficiently and that all departments are
working towards a common goal.

9. Managers are an essential component of the health
workforce
• YES, if you work in a setting with limited
resources
YES, if you make decisions on how best to use
staff,
budgets, drugs and other resources
YES, if you are responsible for making things
happen
YES, if you are in a role to support managers
or to
Good management is essential for quality service delivery and
achieving desired health outcomes.

10. • Management quote:
• “Solve the problem rather than being alarmist
without action”

11. Concepts, guidance and tools ...
... to help you make best use of resources or solve
problems to do with:
• Working with staff
• Budgeting and monitoring expenditure
• Collecting and using information
• Obtaining and managing drugs and equipment
• Maintaining equipment, vehicles and buildings
• Interacting with the community and other
partners
• … and more…

12. Building leadership and management capacity at
the operational level requires:
• A balanced approach covering these four
inter-related dimensions:
• Number and distribution of managers
• Managers' competencies
• Management support systems
• Working environment
• Strengthening one without the others is not
likely to achieve the desired outcomes.

13. • The district health system
• Needs assessment and situation analysis
• Planning and budgeting of services
• Organization and implementation of health
services
• Scaling up
• Assessment of management performance
• Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery

14. THANK YOU

15. Management
Management as “the purposeful and effective use of resources –
manpower, materials and finances for fulfilling a pre – determined
objective
i. Planning: determining what is to be done.
ii. Organizing: setting up the framework or apparatus and making it
possible for groups to do the work.
iii. Communication: motivating people to do the work.
iv. Monitoring(controlling): checking to make sure the work is
progressing satisfactorily.

16. Components of Management
•
(1) Organizational activity—
• Management is a group activity. Management is to coordinate the actions
and reactions of individuals.
(2) Goal formation—
• Management has some definite goals before it to ach-eve. Goals are set
considering the actions and reactions of individuals.
(3) Goal accomplishment and evaluation—
• Management also evaluates the effectiveness of goal accomplishment.
(4) Organizational Survival—
• In the short run, managers use the resources available to them as
efficiently as possible and practice the art of implementing their decisions.
(5) Implementation—
• Action is the creed of management. Policies and programmes are
implemented by management.

17. Methods based on behavioral sciences
1. Organizational design
2. Personnel management
3. Communication
4. Information systems
Quantitative methods
1. Cost – benefit analysis: the benefits are expressed in monetary
terms to determine whether a given programme is economically
sound, and to select the best out of several alternate programmes.
2. Cost – effective analysis: that benefit instead of being expressed in
monetary terms is expressed in terms of results achieved, eg.
Number of lives saved or the number of days free from disease.

18. 3. Cost – accounting: cost – accunting has three important purposes in
health services a. cost control b. planning and allocation of people and
financial resources c. pricing of cast reimbursement.
4. Input – output analysis: “input” refers to all health service activities
which consume resources (manpower, money, materials and time);
and “output” refers to such useful outcomes as cases treated, lives
saved or inoculations performed.
5. Model
6. Systems analysis
7. Network analysis: the two common types of network technique are
a. Pert and b. CPM
a. Pert (programme evaluation and review technique)
b. Critical Pathe Method (CPM)
8. Planning – programming

19. 9. Work sampling
10. Decision making
Networks analysis
Plan
service
Staff
recruited
Equipment
ordered
Staff
trained
Equipment
installed
Start
providing
service

20. Health Planning
Health planning is necessary for the economic utilization of
–material,
– man – power and
–financial resources.
The purpose of health planning is to improve the health services.

21. National Health Planning has been defined as
the orderly process of defining community health
problems,
identifying unmet needs and surveying the resources
to meet them,
establishing priority goals that are realistic and
feasible and
projecting administrative action to accomplish the
purpose of the proposed programme.

22. Health needs and demands
Health needs have been defined as “ deficiencies in health that call
for preventive, curative, control or eradication measures”
A goal is usually described in terms of
1. What is to be attained
2. The extent to which it is to be attained
3. The population or section of the environment involved
4. The geographic area in which the proposed programme will
operate
5. The length of time required for attaining the goal

23. Planning Cycle
Gather Health DateTabulate analyze interpret
Formulate health Problems
Assign priorities among problems
Formulate individual priority
problems for planning solution
Define programme objective & how
to measure achievement
Assign priorities among objectives
Design alternative programme to
solve problems
Select best programme (feasibility
cost/effectiveness
Combine programme & develop
integrated plan
Plan implementation of
integrated progremme
Orient & train personnel
Initiate integrated programme
Operate programme
Collect data for evaluation
Evaluate results goals
achieved? Goals satisfactory?
No
Yes

24. 1. Analysis of the health situation
2. Establishment of objectives and goals
3. Assessment of resources
4. Fixing priorities
5. Write- up of formulated plan
6. Programming and implementation
7. Monitoring
8. Evaluation:- The purpose of evaluation is to assess the
achievement of the stated objectives of a programme