Gunpowder Empires
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This document provides an overview of the three Islamic "Gunpowder Empires" between 1450-1750: the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire. It describes the origins, expansion, characteristics, and trade of each empire. It also identifies several topics of focus for each empire, such as the Ottoman treatment of non-Muslims under the millet system, innovation in Safavid visual arts like miniature paintings, and the intensification of peasant labor and existing elites in Mughal India. The document contains maps and images related to the empires as well.
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This document discusses the history of slavery in Africa and the development of the transatlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in many parts of Africa prior to European arrival, often as a result of warfare. It then outlines the three stages of the European slave trade between Africa and the Americas from the 15th to 19th centuries. Stage one involved the Portuguese beginning to export slaves from West Africa. Stage two saw massive growth in the slave trade as European demand increased due to the rise of plantation economies in the Americas. Millions of African slaves were transported during this period. Stage three included the abolition of the slave trade in the early 1800s due to growing opposition in places like Britain.
Hemispheres United and Columbian Exchange
The document discusses the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires in the early 16th century. It describes how Hernan Cortes, with only a few hundred men, was able to defeat the powerful Aztec empire after imprisoning their ruler Moctezuma. It also discusses how Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca empire in Peru in a similar manner by inviting their ruler Atahualpa to a meeting and killing him. Key reasons for their success included European technology like guns and horses which intimidated the native populations, as well as diseases which decimated the Aztecs and Incas. The empires also had internal weaknesses like resentment from subject peoples that the conquistadors were able to exploit.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and led to major changes in Europe. The wealthy city-states of Florence, Venice, and Genoa grew prosperous through trade along Mediterranean routes. This increased wealth allowed families like the Medicis in Florence to become patrons of the arts, supporting innovations in painting, sculpture, architecture and more. Iconic artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael emerged during this period and helped transform European art and culture.
Gunpowder Empires
For my Pre-AP students. Please read the information in this PowerPoint. The Ottoman and Mughals are on the test. The Safavids ARE NOT on the test, but ARE included in the DBQ for Friday.
The Muslim Empires
The document summarizes the rise and fall of three major Muslim empires between the 13th-18th centuries:
1) The Ottomans expanded from Anatolia into the Balkans and Middle East, taking Constantinople in 1453. However, military defeats and a shift in trade routes led to decline after the 1600s.
2) The Safavids made Iran Shiite and challenged the Ottomans, reaching their height under Abbas I in the late 1500s. But internal conflicts and foreign threats weakened them thereafter.
3) The Mughals conquered northern India in the 1500s under Babur and Akbar, building a powerful empire and tolerant culture. However, Aurangzeb
Russia - Empire Building 1450-1750
Russia began as Kievan Rus in the 600s-1200s, a collection of feudal states. It was later conquered by the Mongol Empire from 1200s-1400s. After their withdrawal, Russia was engulfed in civil wars between powerful families until the Romanov Dynasty began in 1613, restoring independence. Over the next centuries, the Russian Empire expanded greatly through conquest, absorbing new lands and peoples to its west, east, and south. It modernized under Peter the Great in the early 1700s but remained a largely traditional, agricultural society dominated by nobles, with serfdom and social unrest widespread.
Mongol Empire
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and rapidly expanded their empire across Eurasia through military conquest. By 1227 at the time of Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. The Mongols were skilled horsemen and archers whose mobile cavalry armies were able to cover great distances and defeat larger sedentary forces. Under subsequent khans like Ogedei and Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire continued expanding into parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and established the Yuan Dynasty in China. The Black Death plague pandemic originated in central Asia and spread through Mongol trade routes to devast
The World of the 15th Century Part 3
The document summarizes the four major Islamic empires of the 15th-16th centuries: the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Songhay Empire, and Mughal Empire. It describes their origins, religious diversity, economic power, and cultural achievements. It also notes tensions between the Sunni Ottoman and Shia Safavid empires and the gradual decline of these frontier empires over time due to external economic and political forces.
Chapter 8 Islamic Art
Islamic art developed under the religion of Islam beginning in the 7th century. The most important building was the mosque, oriented towards Mecca, with a mihrab arch marking the direction of prayer. Due to religious prohibitions on images, calligraphy became the most prized art form. Islamic architecture featured mosques with minarets to call people to prayer, organized around central plans or hypostyle halls. Geometric patterns and designs predominated in architecture, textiles, and other arts due to the avoidance of figural imagery.
Ottoman Safavid and Mughal chart
Ottoman, Safavid and Mugal chart with the empires first leader, military, location, Art, Economy and Religion
Ming ottoman comparative sample essay
The document is a sample comparative essay analyzing how merchants were viewed differently in the Ottoman Empire and Tokugawa Japan from 1450-1750. The introduction provides background on the time period and civilizations. The thesis argues that in the Ottoman Empire, Islamic beliefs and its central location led to a positive view of merchants and open trade policies, while in Tokugawa Japan, Confucian ideals and isolation led to a negative view of merchants and closed trade. The essay then provides body paragraphs analyzing the different trade regulations and social standing of merchants in each civilization, attributed to differences in religion, geography, and values.
Imperialism and Land-based Empires
Land-based empires like Russia, the Ottomans, and China began to decline between 1750-1900 as industrial European nations became more powerful. They faced internal issues such as population pressures, famine, corruption, and rebellions. The Crimean War showed the weakness of Russia and the Ottomans. It led both empires to attempt reforms to modernize their militaries and economies, but the Ottoman Empire continued to contract as regions broke away. In China, the Opium Wars forced unequal treaties on China and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. Rebellion and foreign domination weakened China further. Japan avoided this fate through reforms after the Meiji Restoration, adopting a constitutional government and rapidly industrializing to
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Unitiiireview14501750
This document provides an overview of major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of empires and trade networks. Key points discussed include:
- The growth of empires like Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, and Tokugawa Japan.
- European exploration and the age of discovery, including Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French and English colonial expansion.
- The global exchange of goods, people, plants, animals and diseases across Afro-Eurasia and between the Old World and New World.
- The rise of new economic systems like plantation agriculture and the transatlantic slave trade.
- Shifting religious and intellectual currents including Protestant Reformation, growth of
Unitiiireview14501750
This document provides an overview of major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of trade, empires, and cross-cultural exchange. Key events summarized are the decline of the Ming Dynasty in China and its conquest by the Manchu Qing Dynasty; the unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate and its turn to isolationism; and the growth and eventual stagnation of large land-based empires like the Ottomans, Mughals, and Russians. European powers increasingly explored overseas and established global colonial empires, introducing new crops, commodities and beliefs around the world.
Midtermunitiiireview14501750
1. The document outlines major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of global trade, absolutism, and European dominance due to exploration and colonization.
2. Key empires that rose and declined in this period include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, and various African kingdoms.
3. European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch, and British established global colonial empires and trading networks through exploration, initially to bypass Ottoman control of trade routes but later through institutions like joint-stock companies.
comparative-history-119569929817452-5.pdf
The document provides information on the Safavid Empire and Mughal Empire between the 16th-18th centuries in Central and South Asia. It discusses the political structures and key rulers of each empire, including Abbas I of Persia and Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India. It also addresses the religions, societies, economies, arts/architectures, and technologies of the Safavid and Mughal regions during this time period. Maps show the extents of each empire.
Notes ifd
The document summarizes the origins, spread, and influence of Islam in Africa and Asia between 600-1450 CE. Key points include:
1) Islam originated in the 7th century in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad and spread rapidly through trade and conquest.
2) Islamic empires like the Abbasids and Ottomans dominated large parts of Asia and North Africa after the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate due to Mongol invasions in the 13th century.
3) Islam had profound political, economic and social impacts as it influenced governments, laws, and cultures across its domains in Africa, Asia and the Middle East during this period.
The Asia And Islamic Empires In Transition33
The document provides information on the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan, and European trade and influence in Asia between the 15th-19th centuries. It describes China's isolationist policies under the Ming, its decline and replacement by the Qing, and the opium trade imposed by the British that led to the Opium Wars. It also outlines the rise of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan and its isolationist policies until the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853, opening Japan to Western trade.
Comparative History
The document provides information about the Safavid Empire and Mughal Empire between the 16th-18th centuries including their politics, geography, economics, religion, society, science/technology, and art/architecture. The Safavid Empire ruled Persia and engaged in frequent conflicts with neighboring Ottomans and Mughals. The Mughal Empire ruled northern India and saw several generations of effective rulers trying to integrate Hindus and Muslims. Both empires left behind great cultural and architectural monuments, though their economies struggled at times due to warfare. Islam became the dominant religion in both regions.
World in 1500 details 5 empires
The document provides an overview of major world empires in 1500 CE, prior to European exploration, including the Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Safavid Empire, China, and African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that these empires declined due to factors like drought, civil war, and the arrival of Europeans, whose impact on global trade routes and cultures forever changed human history. Students are assigned to label trade routes on a map and summarize key details about each empire in a 5-square graphic organizer, including a quick drawing in each square.
Unit 2 Overview
From 600-1450 CE:
- Major world religions like Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism spread widely through trade and missionaries, influencing many cultures and setting religious boundaries.
- The Islamic empires expanded greatly, spreading across the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and India. Other religions like Buddhism and Christianity also increased their reach.
- Trade networks grew significantly, spreading luxury goods, ideas, inventions, and knowledge systems like mathematics and astronomy across Afro-Eurasia. This laid the foundations for later global connections and exchanges.
- Powerful states and civilizations rose and declined over the period, including the Mayans, Aztecs, Incas, African kingdoms, Chinese
The Global Experience
The document summarizes the emergence of the global trade system beginning in the 15th century, driven by technological advances and Europe's desire for new trade routes and markets. It discusses how Portugal and Spain led early maritime explorations. The establishment of colonies in the Americas and trade outposts in Africa and Asia created a new global economy and exchange of goods, people, plants, animals and diseases between hemispheres. Over time, more areas became incorporated into the growing world trade system dominated by European powers. However, some regions like East Asia maintained more independence. The expansion of trade and colonization had significant social, political and economic impacts around the world and led to conflicts between European nations seeking colonial control.
High middleages
The document summarizes key developments during the High Middle Ages:
1) The period saw economic growth fueled by improved agriculture and increased trade. Cities also grew as centers of trade, production, and government.
2) Medieval cities had fortified walls, distinct neighborhoods, and large market squares at their centers. Guilds organized artisans and regulated their trades.
3) The 12th century saw a "Renaissance" of culture as cathedrals and universities were founded and literature/philosophy advanced. Royal power also increased as monarchies gained independence from feudal lords and established early parliaments.
4) The Late Middle Ages saw a crisis as the Black Death plague pandemic killed over
Chapter 2: The Muslim World Expands
Three great Muslim empires emerged between 1300-1600:
- The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman and expanded dramatically under sultans like Mehmed II and Suleyman, growing to control much of the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa.
- The Safavid Empire originated as a religious order in Persia and was built into a major power under shahs like Ismail I and Abbas I, blending Persian and Islamic culture.
- The Mughal Empire was established in India by Babur and became a vast realm, most powerful under Akbar, though it declined under Aurangzeb's religious intolerance.
European Middle Ages
During the European Middle Ages from 500-1500 CE:
- Feudalism emerged as centralized governments broke down and lords provided protection in exchange for labor and taxes. This dominated the political and economic system.
- The Catholic Church grew to be the most stable institution, standardizing Christianity, while tensions arose between kings and popes over political power.
- By the High Middle Ages 1000-1300 CE, stronger economies and increased agricultural production supported a revival of towns and rise of strong monarchies like France and England with the beginnings of parliamentary systems. Intellectual and cultural developments accelerated.
Choose 5 to answerPick 5 of the questions below to answer. .docx
Choose 5 to answer
Pick 5 of the questions below to answer.
Each answer must be a minimum of 500 words, double spaced.
Your answers must address all aspects of the question using specific historical facts from the readings. (Names, dates, events etc)
Answer these questions in as much detail as possible.
Be specific with your answers.
Your answers should cover who, what, when, where and then go beyond.
Min: 500 words per essay.
This is an open book exam.
.
Transition to Modern Times, 1200 to 1500 CE
Compare and contrast overseas commerce in the European, Muslim, and East Asian contexts between 1400 and 1650.
Compare and contrast the population size of the various major civilizations of the world in 1400 and 1660.
What role did religion play in politics and commerce in the various cultures of the world between 1400 and 1650? Which cultures showed the most religious toleration?
Why was the discovery of gold and silver by the Spaniards in the New World so important for world commerce after 1560?
Despite expansion into what became known as the Americas coupled with a great increase in wealth, why was Europe still not able to challenge the major empires of the Middle East and Asia militarily during the period 1500–1600?
List the assets and liabilities of the Chinese civilization under the Ming dynasty. Why did they not expand into other areas of the world with the same desires as the various European nation states?
Compare and contrast the development of the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, and Ming bureaucracies with the governments of the various European monarchies.
Assess the impact of the European trade in enslaved Africans on Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
The World Changes, 1400 to1500 CE
What purposes did the great Chinese voyages during the Ming era serve?
Compare the extent of the Ottoman Empire with earlier civilizations and discuss the possibility that the Ottoman Empire re-unified the traditional centers of civilization (Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Eastern Mediterranean world).
Why did the Portuguese sail south and the Spanish sail west in their voyages of exploration?
What impacts did the expansion of European and Islamic powers have on Africa during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
What obstacles prevented Charles V, the accidental heir to the Habsburg and Spanish Empires, from consolidating imperial power?
.
Travelers
1) Marco Polo was one of the most famous Western travelers on the Silk Road in the 13th-14th centuries, reaching China and becoming a confidant of Kublai Khan.
2) Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who extensively traveled throughout the Muslim world between 1324-1354, visiting many rulers and territories across 75,000 miles.
3) Zheng He led major voyages for China between 1405-1433 with over 300 ships, establishing tributary trade relations and projecting Chinese power throughout Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. However, China then halted further naval explorations.
Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century
AP World History / Ways of the World second edition by Robert W. Strayer. Summary of Chapter 12 An Age of Accelerating Connections 500-1500, The worlds of the fifteenth century.
Travelers
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta were two famous medieval travelers. Marco Polo traveled extensively in Asia for 24 years as a merchant and explorer. Ibn Battuta's travels lasted 30 years and took him throughout the Muslim world, as well as to places like China and India. John of Montecorvino was an Italian Franciscan missionary who established Catholic missions in India and China in the late 13th century.
Unit 2 Review
The document provides an overview of major developments in post-classical societies from approximately 500-1500 CE. It discusses how increased contact and trade between societies led to the spread of technologies, religions, and agricultural practices. Major nomadic empires like the Mongols temporarily united large regions and established stability along trade routes. However, no empire was able to reunite the formerly unified regions of Europe and China on a long-term basis. Societies organized around religious institutions and new political structures developed in the decentralized regions.
AP WH Chapter 19
The document provides an overview of three major empires in Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean region between 1500-1750 CE:
1) The Ottoman Empire expanded its control over the Mediterranean and Balkans under Suleiman the Magnificent, but faced economic and military decline in the 17th-18th centuries.
2) The Safavid Empire converted Iran to Shi'ite Islam and distinguished its culture from Sunni neighbors, but declined due to economic problems and was conquered by Afghan invaders in 1722.
3) The Mughal Empire was established in India and prospered under Akbar's administration, but faced challenges expanding its control and relied on Europeans for foreign trade.
Imperialism In Africa India and Australia
Industrialization in European nations drove new imperialism in the late 19th century as they sought new markets and resources. European powers colonized Africa and Asia through different models of imperial rule: settler colonies like Australia focused on controlling land and displacing indigenous peoples; economic imperialism exploited resources and trade in places like China and Africa; and colonial rule in India and parts of Africa involved administering colonies through local elites. All forms of imperialism profoundly impacted local populations through policies, trade, and culture.
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Choose 5 to answerPick 5 of the questions below to answer. .docx
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Chapter 12 Ways of the World, Worlds of 15th century
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Classical civilizations such as Greece and Rome made many contributions. In Greece, Athens and Sparta developed different forms of government - Athens becoming a direct democracy while Sparta formed an oligarchy. Greek culture spread during the Hellenistic period after the conquests of Alexander the Great. Rome grew to become a vast empire through its military strength and establishment of roads, with Latin becoming a dominant language across its territories.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed the economies and societies of Western Europe and North America between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Key developments included the increased use of steam power and mechanization in textile manufacturing. In England, the Enclosure Movement consolidated land under private ownership, disrupting traditional farming systems but increasing agricultural productivity. However, enclosure also resulted in increased poverty, depopulation of rural areas, and homelessness as many lost access to common lands. The factory system became dominant, concentrating labor and production. While innovation drove economic growth, industrialization also brought harsh working conditions, the use of child labor, and little power for workers.
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The document provides guidelines for writing a DBQ (document-based question) essay, including instructions on annotating documents, grouping documents by theme, writing a contextualization paragraph, developing an analytical thesis, and analyzing documents. It emphasizes directly addressing the prompt question, identifying multiple themes within documents, and using evidence from the documents to support arguments.
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The document provides guidelines for writing a DBQ essay, including annotating documents, grouping documents by theme, writing a contextualization, thesis, and analyzing documents using HIPP (Historical Context, Intended Audience, Purpose, Point of View). It emphasizes directly addressing the prompt question in each part of the essay.
Roman Republic Quiz PowerPoint
The document provides background information on ancient Rome and its rise as an empire. It discusses how Rome's geographic location along the Tiber River in the Italian peninsula, protected by the sea and Alps mountains, was important to its economic, social, and political development. This protected location allowed Rome to expand unopposed and engage in thriving sea trade. The legend of Romulus and Remus founding Rome on the Palatine Hill is also mentioned. Maps show Rome's location and trade routes throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean world that contributed to Rome's growth as a major power.
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During Greece's Golden Age, advances were made in drama, mathematics, science, sculpture, history, and philosophy. In drama, Aeschylus wrote the first great tragedies including Oresteia, while Sophocles and Euripides also wrote tragedies. Aristophanes wrote the first great comedies. In history, Herodotus and Thucydides developed new standards for gathering evidence and rejecting mythology. In philosophy, Socrates used questioning to encourage examination of beliefs, while his students Plato and Aristotle founded schools and wrote works on political systems and logic. Contemporaries also made breakthroughs in medicine with Hippocrates, geometry with Euclid, mechanics with Archimedes,
Golden Age people
During Greece's Golden Age, there were major advancements in drama, mathematics, science, sculpture, history, and philosophy. In drama, Aeschylus wrote the first great tragedies including Oresteia, while Sophocles and Aristophanes wrote plays like Oedipus the King, Antigone, and The Birds. Herodotus and Thucydides were influential early historians who wrote about the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War respectively. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle made seminal contributions through the Socratic method and works like The Republic. Scientists including Thales, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, and Archimedes made discoveries in
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What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Gunpowder Empires
- 1. The “Gunpowder Empires” Islamic Land-based Empires
- 2. Critical Intro: • What was the main reasoning for the religious conflict between the Ottomans and Safavids? • What was the religious commonality between the Ottomans and Mughals? • How were the 3 “Gunpowder Empires” more similar to Russia rather than Western Europe?
- 3. Islamic Land-Based Empires – 1450-1750 “Gunpowder Empires” Ottoman Empire: Original location: Asia Minor Expansion and extent of the Ottoman Empire: Southwest Asia Southeastern Europe Balkan Peninsula North Africa Characteristics: Capital = Constantinople renamed Istanbul Islamic Sunni religion = unifying force that accepted other religions Main trade = coffee & ceramics Mughal Empire: Location: North India Contribution of Mughal Rulers: - Further spread of Islam into India - Art & architecture – Taj Mahal - Establishment of European trading posts - Influence of Indian textiles: British textile industry expands; peasant labor intensifies. Trade with European Nations - Portugal, England, France, & the Netherlands (Dutch) competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent Southern India trade: Silk, spices and gems Safavid Empire: Original Location: SW Asia, Persia, Modern Iran Expansion and extent of the Safavid Empire: Hindu Kush Mts. in the east (to Mughal Empire) Zagros Mts. in the west (to Ottoman Empire) Characteristics: Persian culture and architecture Shia Islam unified and legitimized empire and rule Main trade = Persian carpets
- 5. .Tours - 732 The Ottoman Empire
- 6. Ottoman Janissaries Elite military group; Power based on cannons & firearms
- 7. Battle of Lepanto Ottoman Empire vs. Spain Spain wins; Ottomans lose control of Mediterranean
- 8. I. Ottoman Empire Special Topics A. Ottoman treatment of non-Muslims 1. Millet System = “Millet” comes from Arabic word for nation 2. Religious groups = Millets 3. Christians = Millet; Jews = Millet 4. Millets could choose own religious leader 5. Follow own religious laws 6. Polytheists persecuted
- 10. Shah Abbas the Great Safavid Ruler
- 11. II. Safavid Empire Special Topics A. Innovation in Visual Arts 1. Miniature Paintings a. Chinese influence via Mongols b. small painting on paper (book or art) c. Persian/Safavid miniatures = dominant influence on other Islamic miniature traditions d. more human figures than wall paintings
- 12. Safavid architecture – colorful floral designs
- 13. II. Safavid Empire Special Topics B. Ottoman-Safavid Conflict 1. Ottoman Sunni vs. Safavid Shia conflict a. continual border fighting b. Ottoman take Safavid territory c. Result = Sunni-Shia conflict today in region (Iraq & Iran) Miniature depicting Ottoman victory over the Safavids
- 16. Architectural Styles Ottoman Safavid Mughal
- 17. III. Mughal Empire Special Topics A. New Form of Religion 1. Sikhism a. Originated w/Indian community free of caste distinctions. b. Combine tenants of Islam &Hinduism c. Goal = reconcile Hinduism & Islam d. Mughal persecution of Sikhs = Sikh rebellion & Mughal decline
- 18. III. Mughal Empire Special Topics B. Intensification of Peasant Labor 1. Indian cotton textile production a. British textile industry demands = b. more Indian production/ increased peasant labor
- 19. III. Mughal Empire Special Topics C. Existing/Empowered Elites in India 1. Zamindar System a. Zamindars = regional tax collectors b. Significant regional power c. Increased power under Mughals & British d. Raised taxes on & took land from peasants. e. Many suffered/starved
- 21. III. Mughal Empire Special Topics D. Monumental Architecture = Arts as displays of political power 1. Taj Mahal a. Shah Jahan immortalized wife in great tomb b. Magnificent white marble temple c. Example of Mughal wealth/power
- 22. Taj Mahal Mughal India Constructed under Shah Jahan’s rule
- 24. On which seas did the Ottomans have the greatest influence? What is the commonality between Tours and Vienna? Significant accomplishment of Suleiman the Magnificent? In short, how did Janissaries gain power & influence? Describe the “Devshirme” system. Like the Byzantine Empire before it, the Ottoman Empire enjoyed commercial success by controlling which narrow waterway? Reasons contributing to Ottoman decline? Economically, how were the Ottomans weakened by European nations? Which form of Islam dominated Ottoman society? Technologically, what attitudes kept the Ottomans behind the Europeans? Significance of Battle of Lepanto? Ottoman Empire Land-Based “Gunpowder” Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals- p. 306 The Safavid Empire strengthened the position of which form of Islam? What was a main reason for conflict between Ottomans and Safavids? How are these conflicts reflected in this region today? Greatest Safavid ruler? His emphasis/strengths? (Also see excerpt on 313) Couple reasons Safavids had less trade contact with Europeans? Safavid culture centered around which local culture/traditions? Example of distinctive Shi’ite/Persian architectural influence? Roughly, how long did the Ottomans outlast the Safavids? Safavid Empire
- 25. Which “empire” preceded Mughal control of the subcontinent? What was always an obstacle to cohesive rule in India? Founder of Mughal Empire? In space on left, create an organizer illustrating “Akbar’s Reforms” - include religious reform from pg. 318 Highly-valued Indian commodity traded for by the Europeans? Significance of the Taj Mahal? In space on left, create an organizer illustrating “Women in Indian Society” Prior to Mughal control, what new religion had developed in India? And the main motivations for creation of this religion? Make a cultural comparison between the period ruled by Jahangir and Shah Jahan and that of 15th-16th century Italy. Write a comprehensive thesis statement analyzing how Aurangzeb’s policies led to the British take-over of India. Create a simple timeline identifying the rule of India between 2000 B.C.E. and 1750 C.E. Mughal Empire