The document summarizes three Islamic empires that arose between the 1100s-1600s: the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. It notes that all three were military empires and "Gunpowder Empires" that utilized new weapons like cannons. It describes how the Ottoman Empire rose after the Seljuks, and how the Safavid Empire was a Shia Muslim rival of the Sunni Ottoman Empire. It also explains that the Mughal Empire was created by Turkic-Mongol rulers who established control over mostly Hindu India. The empires had similarities like absolute rulers with political-religious authority and institutionalized slavery, but were also rivals at times, as shown by a