The High Middle Ages refers to the 12th and 13th centuries in Europe. During this time: 1. Agricultural innovations like the heavy plow, crop rotation, irrigation, and watermills/windmills increased food production and reduced famines. This led to population growth and an economic boom. 2. New cities grew along trade routes, as peasants fled serfdom and merchants sought protection. The largest cities had over 50,000 inhabitants. Urban societies developed social hierarchies and ethnic neighborhoods like Jewish quarters. 3. International trade expanded through routes like the Mediterranean and increased the growth of banking practices such as bills of exchange, credit, and trade fairs. This economic growth supported the rising middle class

1. UNIT 3 THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

8. (12-13 Centuries)
Keypoints in your summary
1.- What were the High
Middle Ages?
• Economy
• Society and goverment
• Culture
2. Improvements in agriculture:
• Three year/field crop rotation
• Heavy plough
• Irrigation
• Windmills and watermills
+ PRODUCTION, LESS
FAMINE Better health,
population growth
HOW TO DESCRIBE A POPULATION
GRAPH
1. Divide time in periodos of 50 years.
2. Start form the beginning describing
how it is the growth and calculate the
growth
3. Describe the next a compare with the
previous one and so on
4. Do a general comment of the graph
5. Explain the causes that may explain
the growth
Some vocabulary you can use:
The increase/decrease is: significant, strong,
slow, great, steady, quick, slight, exponential
FROM 42 TO 73 MILLIONS
1000-1300
ACTIVITIES
1,2 & 3
Pg: 46

9. (12-13 Centuries)
3.- TRADE AND EARLY BANKING
• Why did trade increased?
• Activity: complete the table
LINKS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
 The Mediterranean Route  The Atlantic Route
DEFINE
• TRADE FAIRS
• CREDIT
• BILLS OF EXCHANGE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVPpKf23eMY
KEY VOCABULARY
POINT 1
• Silk
• Amber
• Fur
• Wax
• Tin
• Leather

12. WATERMILL
IN MÉRIDA

13. 2.- The Growth of Cities
New cities were founded, often along trade routes or at crossroads
There were three main reasons for the growth of cities:
1. Agricultural innovations reduced the need for farm workers, yet the population
continued to rise. Consequently, there were many unemployed farm workers in the
countryside.
2. Other peasants went to live in cities to escape serfdom. Peasants who lived in a city
for one year were freed from their obligations as serfs.
3. Merchants settled in cities for the protection provided by the city walls.
Medieval cities were usually small, and only big cities had more than 50,000
inhabitants.

15. Urban Society
There were great differences between city inhabitants:
1. The elite was made up of wealthy merchants and artisans, who gradually became
known as the bourgeoisie. A group of wealthy families usually controlled the city
government.
2. Most people were modest artisans and shopkeepers, house servants and students.
3. There were also poor people who did not have jobs. They had to beg or even steal
to survive.
A large majority of the population was Christian. In religions that had Jewish and
Muslim minorities these groups lived in separate neighborhoods.
The Jews lived in a Jewish quarter, and the Muslims lived in a Moorish quarter.

19. The City Charter
Cities rapidly became dynamic centers or religious,
political and economic activity.
Some cities were built on land that was controlled by a
feudal lord. This meant they were still under the lord’s
jurisdiction.
As a result, the city inhabitants fought to gain the right
to govern themselves.
When they were successful, the king granted them a
charter or fuero. This was a legal document that
established self-government for a city, and specified its
rights and privileges.

20. The City Hall or Council
Each city had its own government. Originally this
consisted of an assembly of all the townspeople.
As the population grew, a city hall or council was
formed.
This was made up of councilors and headed by a
mayor.
Over time, the most prestigious and wealthy families
took control of the council. The council managed
several aspects of city life, such as security and
defense, tax collection, maintenance of the walls, and
management of schools and hospitals.
Can you guess where this City Hall is located?

21. Medieval Cities Review
1. What were the 3 main reasons for the growth of cities?
2. What was the area called that Muslims lived in?
3. What did it mean if a city was built on land that was controlled by a feudal lord?
4. If a city gained the right to govern themselves, the king granted them a _________.
5. As the population in a city grew, what was formed?
6. Who ended up taking control of the city council?
7. Define:
a) Charter/fuero
b) City hall/Council

22. 3.-Life in Medieval Cities
Medieval cities were surrounded by high walls, whose gates were closed at night.
The main buildings were the cathedral, the city hall, and palaces. There were also covered
markets, hospitals and schools.
Streets were narrow and crowded. The market square was a large open space where farmers
and merchants sold their products. The square was also used for entertainment, festivals and
executions.
Cities were very unhealthy. People threw their rubbish in the street, and domestic animals
moved freely. All this made disease widespread. In addition, there were frequent fires because
houses were made of wood.

26. The Medieval City
Using the image on page 50 of your textbook:
1. What were the main buildings in a medieval city?
2. How was the market square used?
3. Imagine you are walking down a medieval street. Share what you see, hear and smell.
4. What was outside the city walls?

27. Artisans
In the Middle Ages, most products were made by hand or using simple tools. The
people who made them were called artisans.
Each artisan specialized in a certain product, such as shoes, clothes, bread, furniture,
or weapons. They made and sold their products in small workshops, which where in
their houses.
There were three stages in becoming an artisan:
1. Apprentices worked for a master artisan for no salary, learning the new trade. They
lived in the artisan’s house, and were given food and clothes.
2. Journeymen were young men who worked for different salaries, and received a
salary.
3. Masters were the owners of the workshop and tools.

30. Guilds
Artisans of the same trade formed craft guilds together.
Guilds had strict control over their trade:
Only guild members could make and sell their products in the city.
Members accepted a statute, which specified the rules of the trade.
Guilds controlled production. They distributed raw materials, limited the number of workers and
checked quality and prices.
They protected their members from competition from unqualified artisans.
Guilds were not just professional associations:
They looked after sick members and protected them from poverty.
If a member died, the guild looked after his wife and children. Women were not usually
members of guilds, but some widows tool their husband’s place.

33. Compare: Medieval Cities vs. Cities Today
Cities today Medieval Cities
Both

34. Medieval Population
The graph on the following page shows the estimated populations of five European cities
around the year 1300. The cities are Paris, France; Florence, Italy; Modena, Italy; York, England;
Nuremberg, Germany; and Cologne, Germany. Use the graph to answer the questions.

35. Medieval Population
1. How many times greater was the population
of Paris than that of York? _______________
times greater.
2. What mode is represented by the
population figures on the graph?
_______________
3. What is the range? _______________
4. What is the average population of the six
cities? _______________

36. Medieval Population
Answers:
1. 15
2. 20,000
3. 140,000
4. 55,000

37. Medieval Madness
What was life like in a Medieval City?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuvLGtZRDbs

38. ACTIVITIES POINT 4
• Act 1 pag 52
• Act 4 and did you know?
Activity Pg: 53
ACTIVITIES POINT 5
• 1,2, 3 & 4 Pg: 54

39. ALNWICK CASTLE: HOGWARTS?
CASTILLO DE COCA
COMPLETE WITH: place, one battle/event, date
of building.
BAMBURGH CASTLE Vs PEÑAFIEL

40. JOAN OF ARCH ACTIVITY:
WEBPAGE YOU MUST USE TO COMPLETE ACTIVITY 4 Pg 54:
• http://www.ducksters.com/biography/women_leaders/joan_of_arc.php
• http://mrnussbaum.com/joan-of-arc/
• http://primaryfacts.com/1165/joan-of-arc-facts-and-information-about-
the-maid-of-orleans/
• http://study.com/academy/lesson/joan-of-arc-lesson-for-kids-facts-
biography.html

42. THE CRISIS OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES