By: Regine Billena Quidato BSEd III C

1. Spanish Conquest In The Americas

2. Spain and Portugal
 These 2 Western European countries were the
first to colonize the Americas (The New World)

3. Christopher Columbus

4. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
 Was born in Genoa, Northern Italy
 sailed for Spain 1492 in search of a western sea route
to the Far East (China)
 he never reached China, he reached the Caribbean

5. Christopher Columbus
● The Caribbean
Columbus really landed in
the Bahamas
 Columbus claimed
the island for
Spain, called
it San Salvador
“Holy Savior”

6. Tainos

7. Tainos
 Called Arawaks in
English
 These were the Native
Americans in the Bahamas
where Columbus first arrived
 He took each island in the
Caribbean as a colony for Spain
and searched them for gold
 Columbus/Spain began a process
that turned all the lands of North/South
America into European colonies

8. Other Explorers
Take to the Seas
Pedro
Alvares
Amerigo
Vespucci
Vasco Nunez
de Balboa
Ferdinand
Magellan
Hernando
Cortes

9. Brazil
 1500 Colonized by Pedro Alvares for Portugal

10. Portuguese in Brazil
 1500 Pedro Alvarez conquers Brazil for Portugal
Brazil was only area in South America
Spain did not control

11. Portuguese in Brazil

12. Portuguese in Brazil
 1530’s Portuguese colonists
settled Brazil’s coastal regions
 Portuguese grew sugar in
Brazil
 Portuguese enslaved Natives in
Brazil and later Africans to work
sugar plantations in Brazil
 Portugal became very wealthy
from Brazilian sugar

13. Amerigo Vespucci
 Sailed the coast of South America for Portugal
 first to proclaim a new world had been found
● 1507 German mapmaker named South America after
Amerigo Vespucci

14. Vasco Nunez de Balboa
 1515 marched through Panama and claimed it for Spain

15. Ferdinand Magellan
1519-1522 explored Guam,
conquered the Philippines for Spain
(but he was Portuguese)

16. Ferdinand Magellan
 Magellan killed in the Philippines
 his crew claimed Guam and Philippines for Spain
 18 of original 230 men made it back to Spain 1522 (3 years
later): first men to circumnavigate the globe

17. Hernando Cortes

18. Hernando Cortes
 1519 sailed for Spain to Mexico
 he marched inward to conquer new lands in Meso-
America (Mexico and Central America) for Spain

19. Hernando Cortes
 Cortes learned of the wealthy Aztec Empire

20. Aztecs

21. Tenochitlan
 Aztec Capital: modern-day Mexico City
 Cortes and his 600 men reach Tenocitlan after four
weeks of searching (1519)

22. Tenochitlan

23. Moctezuma II
 Aztec Emperor when Cortes arrives (1519)
 Convinced Cortes was an Aztec God: Quetzalcoatl

24. Moctezuma II
 agreed to give Cortes a share of Aztec’s gold
 Cortes quickly enslaved and forced Aztecs into mines to
dig up gold

25. Hernando Cortes
 1520 Aztecs revolt and temporarily push Cortes out

26. Hernando Cortes
 1521 Cortes returns and reconquers Aztecs for Spain

27. Cortes’ 3 Advantages
 able to convince other
natives in the region to
help him against Aztecs
(they wanted revenge)
 Aztecs (and other natives) were
defenseless against European
diseases (measles, mumps,
smallpox, typhus)
 Spaniards had cannons, muskets,
horses

28. Francisco Pizarro
 1532 conquers parts of South America for Spain
(modern day Ecuador and Peru)

29. Inca Empire

30. Atahualpa
 Inca ruler (1532) Met Pizarro’s 200 men for battle

31. Atahualpa
 Atahualpa had 30,000 unarmed men
 Spaniards crushed them with firearms and
kidnapped Atahualpa

32. Atahualpa
 promised Spaniards piles of gold and silver for his
release
 The Inca delivered the gold/silver:
 Spaniards strangled Atahualpa in front of Incas after
they got the ransom

33. Atahualpa
 Incas were demoralized and surrendered

34. Yucatans Mayas
 1542 conquered by
Spaniards
 1697 Finally conquered
by Spaniards

35. Spain Pushes North
 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon explored Florida
 1540 Francisco Coronado led an expedition through
American Southwest

36. Spain’s Empire 1700

37. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
 Conquistadors: Spanish
explorers that carved out
colonies in Latin America in
search of gold and silver
 Peninsulares: Spanish settlers were
almost all men
 Forced marriage between Spanish
settlers and native women was
common
 this created a new mixed race of
Spanish and Native American blood
(Mestizo)
 Encomiendas: Spaniards
forced Natives to ranch, farm,
and mine for Spanish landlords

38. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
 Forced Conversion to Christianity
● Priests accompanied conquistadors on their expeditions
to forcefully convert Natives to Catholicism

39. Forced Conversion

40. Forced Conversion

41. Santa Fe, New Mexico:
 first Catholic mission in the U.S: missions became
the headquarters for forced conversion of Natives to
Catholicism

42. Bartolome de Las Casas
 a Catholic Priest
 spoke out against the
harsh treatment of Natives
on encomiendas
 first to suggest
enslaving Africans for
labor in the new world
 some priests contributed
to the abuse and loss of
autonomy by the Native
Americans

43. Rise of New World Slavery
 Africans had prior exposure to European diseases and did not die from
them as much as Native Americans
 Spaniards, Portuguese, and British (later) all began using Africans as
slave labor in the new world

44. Native Resistance
 1493 Tainos on St. Croix revolted against Columbus
with poison arrows
 Tainos revolted there again in 1495 before finally
being subdued

45. Native Resistance
 end of 1600’s Pueblos in New Mexico revolted against the
Spanish
 With forced conversion to Catholicism, priests burned Natives’
sacred objects and forbade their rituals
 Those who practiced their own religion were beaten

46. Native Resistance
 1680 Pop’e (Pueblo ruler) led an uprising against
the Spanish in New Mexico

47. Native Resistance
 Pueblo Revolt
17,000 warriors from all over New Mexico fought
the Spanish
they pushed Spaniards back into Mexico for 12 years

48. Spain’s Influence
 Spain’s American colonies made it the richest most
powerful nation in the world by the late 16th century
 Spain built a powerful navy and army to protect its colonies

49. Competing Claims
in
North America

50. European Nations Settle North America
•Magellan shows ships can travel
around the globe.
•Spain claims the right to sail around
the southern tip of South America.
•Search for a northwest route to Asia
begins.
•The French, Dutch, and English
establish North American colonies.

53. Explorers Establish New France
•Giovanni da Verazzano discovered New
York Harbor.
•Jacques Cartier charts the Saint
Lawrence River to Montreal.
•Samuel de Champlain claims the region
that is now Quebec for France.
•Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
explore the Great Lakes and the
Mississippi River.
•Robert Sieur de la Salle claims Louisiana
for France.

54. Jacques
Cartier

55. Giovanni da
Verrazzano

56. Samuel de Champlain arrives in Quebec.

57. Jacques
Marquette

59. A Trading Empire
•The French want a trading network.
They are not interested in establishing
large towns.
•Catholic priests want to convert the
natives.
•France’s main economic activity in
New France was the fur trade.
In general, the French want to make
money off the land, not occupy it.

61. The English Settle at Jamestown
•In 1607, The English send three ships
and more than 100 settlers to establish
Jamestown, Virginia.
•Initially, the colony is a disaster. Seven
out of ten settlers died.
•High demand for tobacco in England
made it a profitable cash crop.
•Jamestown becomes the first
successful permanent English colony
in North America.

66. Puritans Create a “New England”
•“Pilgrims” seeking
religious freedom
establish Plymouth,
Massachusetts in 1620.
•“Puritans” establish
Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1628.
•Puritans want to
“purify” the Church of
England, the Anglican
Church.

67. The Dutch Found New Netherland
•The Dutch East India Company sponsors
colonies in New York.
•Henry Hudson, working for the Dutch
explored the Hudson River, Hudson Bay,
and the Hudson Strait.
•They establish trade posts at Albany, and
Manhattan Island.
•Dutch holdings become known as New
Netherland.

69. Diversity in Dutch Colonies
•In order to attract settlers, the Dutch
invite German, French, and
Scandinavian settlers to the region.
•They are tolerant of diverse religious
faiths.
•Catholics, Protestants, Muslims,
and Jews.

70. Colonizing the Caribbean
•The French seize control of Haiti,
Guadeloupe, and Martinique.
•The English settle Barbados and
Jamaica.
•The Dutch occupy the
Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.
•African slaves were used to
harvest tobacco and sugar.

72. The Fight for North America
•The French, Dutch and
English struggle for
supremacy in North America.
•After years of battles, the
English gain control of most
of the continent.

73. The English Oust the Dutch
•In 1664, Charles II granted
permission to his brother, the
Duke of York, to drive the Dutch
out of New Netherland.
•They surrendered without a shot.
It was renamed New York.
By 1750, 1.3 million English
settlers lived in 13 colonies from
New Hampshire to Georgia.

74. Charles II

75. England Battles France
•Conflicts between England and France
grow as the English settle further
westward.
•The French and Indian War starts over
fighting in the Ohio River Valley. It was part
of the Seven Years War in Europe.
•The English defeat the French in 1763 and
seize control over the eastern half of North
America.

78. Native American Reaction
•European colonization brings
disaster to Native Americans.
•They fall victim to warfare and
disease.

79. A Strained Relationship
•The French and Dutch establish
good trading relationships with
native Americans. The fur trade
benefits both sides.
•English settlement means
relations with the natives are not
as peaceful.

80. Settlers and Native Americans Battle
•As early as 1622, the Powhatan
tribe attacked colonial villages at
Jamestown and killed 350 settlers.
•King Philip’s War (1675) ended in
a massacre of Indians.

81. Natives Fall to Disease
•An epidemic of smallpox in 1616
ravaged the New England coast.
The population of the
Massachusetts tribe dropped from
24,000 to 750 by 1631.
•The loss of laborers eventually
leads to the importation of African
slaves.

82. THAT’S ALL!!
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!
PREPARED BY: Regine Billena Quidato