Grouting is carried out for three main reasons: 1) to reduce leakage under dams, 2) to reduce uplift pressures, and 3) to strengthen jointed rock foundations. There are two main types of grouting: 1) consolidation grouting which is used to strengthen foundation rock with low pressure injections, and 2) curtain grouting which is used to reduce both leakage and uplift pressures with deeper injections near the heel of a dam. Grouting methods include intrusion, compaction, permeation, jet, and compensation grouting which are used for different soil types and purposes like seepage control, groundwater control, and soil stabilization.

1. curtain grouting
BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY
SANITARY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
M.SC. STUDENT : MARWA MOHAMMED

2. WHAT IS GROUTING?
Grouting is carried out for ?
Type of GROUTING?
Ground Water Control
General Applications of
Grouting

3. WHAT IS GROUTING?
 Improvement of soil or rock through
injection of grout, cement or chemical
grout.
 Grouting may be divided into following :-
1. Intrusion grouting
2. Compaction grouting
3. Permeation grouting
4. Jet grouting
5. Compensation grouting

4. (1) to reduce leakage under the
dam
(2) to reduce the uplift
pressures,
(3) to strengthen jointed rock
foundations.
Grouting is carried out for three
reasons:

5. To these ends, there are two types
of grouting that are carried out at
most dam sites:
1- consolidation grouting
2- curtain grouting
The purpose of consolidation
grouting is to strengthen the
foundation rock. It is carried out
with low injection
pressures in shallow holes, with the
aim of sealing major crevices and
openings.

6. o Curtain grouting is designed to
reduce both leakage and uplift
pressures.
o Grouting is carried out at higher
injection pressures in holes up to
100 m deep.
o The curtain is usually created with
a single or double line of holes
located near the heel of the dam
and aligned parallel to the dam
axis.

7.  The joints or fractures in soil or rock are filled with
injection of grout
 Pipes are first inserted into the soil
from surface and than the grout is
added with pump
 Advantage is, it decreases the
permeability of rocks
 Generally cement grout is used
 Water retaining structures like
dams, it is used to reduce
seepage Intrusion Grouting
INTRUSION GROUTING

8. COMPACTION GROUTING
(DISPLACEMENT GROUTING)
 Grout is inserted with pump at
high pressure to form a series
of intrusions in deposit
 25 mm thick slump doesn’t penetrate deep in soil and
compact the adjacent soil
 Resulting increase in strength
 Generally used in loose soil as
well as unsaturated fine-soil
 When to restore the structure
having excessive settlement,
compaction grouting is used to
reduce the settlement
Compaction Grouting

10. PERMEATION GROUTING
Permeation
Grouting
• Thin grouting is inserted into
soil that permeates into voids
of soil
• The grout cures after a time and
turns the soil into solid mass
• Generally used in fine-grained
soil
• Makes the soil less
compressible, strong and
impermeable
• Applied to the projects of
tunneling and stabilizing soil
before excavation

11.  Pipe fitted with horizontal jets
inserted into soil at require depth and
with pressure grout is inserted
 Pipe is gradually raised and rotated
while grouting still being injected
 Column is formed in the soil that
makes the soil impermeable and
strong
 Applied to water-logged area as well
as in stabilization of soil before
excavation and tunneling operations
JET GROUTING

13.  Compensation Grouting is a process used to
control or reverse the settlement of
structures
 It consists of the injection of material into
the soil between the foundation to be
controlled settlement
 The material injected is forced into
fractures thereby causing an expansion to
take place counteracting the settlement that
occurs or producing a controlled heave of
the foundation
 Because the process requires that the soil is
fractured and not permeated,
Compensation Grouting may be used in
most soil types ranging from gravels to clays
or weak soils
COMPENSATION GROUTING

14. Preventing flow either through the
sides or into the base of an
excavation
Preventing or reducing contamination
flow through the ground
Controlling groundwater during
tunneling
Preventing or reducing water seepage
through a water retention structure
such as a dam or flood defense
structure
Ground Water Control

15.  * Effective in a variety of
soil conditions
 *Wide applications range
 * Speed of installation
 *No need to connect to
footing or column

16. General Applications of Grouting
Seepage Control

17. Soil Solidification and
Stabilization