This document summarizes information about fire fighting, including the fire triangle, classes of fire, fire extinguishers, and fire safety systems. It discusses the three elements of the fire triangle as oxygen, fuel, and heat. It describes the different classes of fire from A to D. It also explains different types of fire extinguishers like water, dry powder, foam, and CO2 extinguishers. Finally, it provides details about fire safety systems like sprinklers, hose reels, hydrants, smoke detectors, fire alarm call points, and exit signs.

1. Fire Fighting
BAGHDADUNIVERSITY
SANITARY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
M.Sc. student : Marwa Mohammed

2. Fire Fighting
 A process in which substances combine
chemically with oxygen from the air and
typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke;
combustion or burning.
 Fire Triangle

3. Fire Fighting
FIRE TRI ANGLE
FIRE TRIANGLE
1- Air ( Oxygen ) with out
sufficient oxygen ( not less
than 16 % , afire cannot
begin .
2- Fuel ( Flammable Material
)With out fuel , afire will
stop .
3- Heat (sufficient heat to

4. Fire Fighting
FIRE TRI ANGLE
Class B
flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene,
paint, paint thinners and propane
Class C
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances,
switches, panel boxes and power tools.
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium ,potassium , and sodium
Classes of Fire

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FIRE TRI ANGLE
Classes of Fire

6. Attributable Causes
Electrical Appliances Cooking
Smoking Hot Work
Fire Fighting

7. REMOVAL
HEAT FUEL OXYGEN
Fire Extinction
Fire Fighting

8. Fire Fighting
Types of Removing Fire
COOLING
Removal of heat.
(Best cooling media is water (
SMOTHERING
Reducing % of oxygen. Cutting off
the supply of oxygen. (Blanketing,
Use foam )
STARVATION
Removal of fuel or removal
of combustible material
near by

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10. Fire Fighting

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13. Fire Fighting
FIRE TRI ANGLE
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Hose reels
Fire hydrants
 Pillar type fire hydrants or stand
post type.
 Wall mounted fire hydrants.
Sprinklers

14. Fire Fighting
Types of Fire Extinguishers
1- A Hose Reel is a cylindrical spindle made of either
metal, fiberglass, or plastic and is used for storing a hose. The
most common styles of hose reels are spring driven (which is
self retracting), hand crank, or motor driven. Hose reels are
categorized by the diameter and length of the hose they hold,
the pressure rating and the rewind method. Hose reels can
either be fixed in a permanent location, or portable and
attached to a truck, trailer, or cart.
2- A Fire hydrants also called a fireplug, fire pump,
johnny pump, or simply pump, is a connection point by
which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a
component of active fire protection

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FIRE TRI ANGLE
Hose Reel

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Fire hydrants

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FIRE TRI ANGLE
Fire sprinkler
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method,
consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate
pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping
system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Although
historically only used in factories and large commercial
buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now
available at a cost-effective price. Fire sprinkler systems
are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million
sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings completely
protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96% of fires were
controlled by fire sprinklers alone

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FIRE TRI ANGLE
Fire sprinkler

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In an indirect system of water supply or fire fighting system to
buildings. a steel cylinder under pressure is used to supply water
at required pressure. to fittings, instead of providing roof tanks.
this steel cylinder contains air at top, which is compressed by the
water, pumped into the Compressed air forces allow water to
reach high-level points. When water is drawn through fittings.
water level in the cylinder goes down. and at a pre-decided low
level a pressure switch of water pump is on and the tank is re-
filled with water. When water level rises in the tank, a pre-decided
high level pressure switch cuts out the pump .
Auto pneumatic system

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Auto pneumatic system

22. Fire
Extinguishers
WATER
Solids
DRY
POWDER
ALL Fires

23. Fire
Extinguishers
FOAM
Solids &
Liquids
CO2
Electric
al

24. Fire Safety Awareness
Smoke & Heat Detectors

25. Fire Fighting
Fire Alarm Call Point And exit signs

26. Thank you