The document discusses various aspects of grouting, a technique used in the repair and rehabilitation of structures, detailing its composition, desirable characteristics, and types of grouting materials. It highlights the advantages of grouting, efficient methods, and techniques such as permeation and displacement grouting, along with their subtypes. Additionally, it explains the importance of grout stability, setting time, and resistance to environmental factors for effective structural applications.

1. Repair& Rehabilitation of Structures
RamanuJ Jaldhari
Asst. Prof.
KITE, Jaipur

2. Grouting
•Grout is usually a mixture of cement, sand, and water or
chemicals that are used to fill gaps.
•Grout is a dense fluid which is used to fill gaps or used
as reinforcement in existing structures.
•They are used in repairing concrete cracks, filling seams
and gaps in tiles, gaps for sealing and waterproofing, and
for soil stabilization

3. Grouting
• Injection of Slurry/Liquid Solution into Rock or Soil.
• Injected Material is Grout.
• Technique Developed for Making Vertical Seepage
Barrier by Cement Slurry.
• Cementing Capability increases Soil/Rock Structure.
• Cement Slurry is Non-permeable so Special
Chemicals were invented.

4. Grouting

5. Type of Grout
 Suspensions – Cement or Bentonite grout
 Emulsions- Bitumen emulsions
 Solutions- Sodium silicate or Acrylic Resins

6. Desirable Characteristics of Grouting
• Stability: Capability of grout to remain in fluid state.
– Grout not to segregate before reaching destination.
– Stability of Clay Cement Grout > Cement Grout
• Setting time : Time to set to cemented mass or gel.
– Early setting : reaching destination.
– Late setting: grout washed away. (Seepage)
– Retard or accelerate by additives
• Permanence: resistance of grout against displacement from soil
with time.
– Cement grouts > Bentonite grout (washed away by seepage
water)
• Toxicity: Contaminate surrounding soil and ground water.

7. Characteristics of Grouting
Non-corrosive
Not flammable, non-toxic
Shrinkage compensated
Process and its Specification
Substrate preparation
Able Adjustable Fixture
Very good flow characteristics
Excellent Bond to Concrete
No segment or bleeding
High final strengths
Easy to use (ready to mix powder)
Easy to mix, only add water
Initial expansion by gas generation
Impact and vibration resistant

8. Advantages of Grouting
•This can be done on almost any ground condition.
•It does not induce vibration and can be controlled to avoid
structural damage.
•Improvement in-ground structures can be measured.
•Very useful for limited space and low headroom applications.
•Used for slab jacking that lifts or levels the deformed
foundation.
•It can be installed adjacent to existing walls.
•Can be used to control seepage, groundwater flow, and
hazardous waste materials Process and its types

9. Different Types of Materials for Grouting
1) Cement Grouting
2) Chemical Grouting
3) Bentonite grouting
4) Resin growing
5) Bituminous Grouting

10. Grouting methods for soils are classified as:
• Permeation Grouting
• Displacement-Soil Fracture Grouting
• Displacement-compaction Grouting
• Jet Or Replacement-displacement Grouting
Types of Grouting Techniques

11. If the injection of grout in soil is done in a manner that the
arrangement of the soil grains is not disturbed and only the void
space is filled by a process of permeation, that is, seepage, the
method is referred to as permeation grouting.
Permeation Grouting

12. If, however, the process of injection displaces the soil grains, the
method is termed as displacement grouting.
Displacement grouting is further divided into two sub types,
namely,
Compaction grouting
Soil fracture grouting.
Displacement Grouting

13. Compaction grouting consists of injecting a thick viscous
paste—like slurry at high pressure to form a bulb shaped grouted
mass in soil.
Displacement Grouting

14. On the other hand when a lean slurry of high fluidity is injected
into the soil at high pressure to form root-like lenses of grout
material in the soil mass, The method is termed as soil fracture
grouting.
Displacement Grouting

15. In yet another method the grout material is injected into the soil
mass in the form of a jet to form a grouted column as shown in
fig. By partly replacing the soil, partly mixing with the
remaining soil and also through displacing the soil. This method
is referred to as jet grouting or replacement-Displacement
grouting.
Jet Grouting