This document discusses permeation grouting for remediation of dam cores. Permeation grouting involves injecting thin chemical grouts into soil to stabilize it and make it impermeable. It is done using chemical grouts and is used to stabilize soil before excavation. The document provides details on different types of grouting including intrusion, compaction, permeation, jet, and electro grouting. It also discusses grouting materials and advantages and disadvantages of grouting.

1. PERMEATION GROUTING
FOR REMEDIATION OF DAM
CORES
BY : CHETAN C GOWDA
1AT13CV010
GUIDE: Mr. RAJU
Asst Prof

2. INTRODUCTION
Grouting
•Defined as the injection of a special liquid or slurry material called
grout into the ground for the purpose of improving the soil or rock
•Types of grouts
– Cementations grouts
– Chemical grouts(fine sand and silts)

3. OBJECTS OF GROUTING
•It is used in foundation works before construction to increase
bearing capacity.
•To get the ground surface more stronger.
•Grouting fills the empty spaces present below the ground surface.
• It produces less permeable soil.
•Seepage pressure is eliminated.

4. TYPES OF GROUTING
Grouting methods may be classified in to 5 categories
•Intrusion grouting
•Compaction grouting
•Permeation grouting
•Jet grouting
•Electro grouting

5. INTRUSION GROUTING
– Consists of filling joints or fractures with
grout
– Primary benefit is reduction in permeability
of rock
– Used to prepare foundation and abutments
for dams
– Usually done using cementations grouts

6. PERMEATION GROUTING
– Injection of thin grouts into the soil
– Once the soil cures becomes a solid mass of impermeable
– Done using chemical grouts
– Used to stabilise the soil before excavation

7. COMPACTION GROUTING AND JET
GROUTING
COMPACTION GROUTING
– Thin grout injected at high pressure it is applicable for cohesion less soils
The main effect of grout is to compact the soil
– Used to repair structures that have e8cessive settlement
JET GROUTING
 Developed in japan
 Uses a special pipe with horizontal jets that inject grout into the ground at
high
pressures
Jet grouting is an erosion/replacement system that creates an engineered in
situ soil/ cement product known as soilcrete
Effective across the widest range of soil types and capable of being performed
around subsurface obstructions and in confined spaces jet grouting is a versatile
and valuable
tool for soft soil stabilization underpinning excavation support and ground water
control

8. ELECTRO GROUTING
•In electro grouting method electro osmosis process takes place by
the addition of chemicals such as calcium chloride or sodium silicate
•When electric current is applied the chemicals starts flowing in the
opposite direction i.e at cathode
•Here anode acts as grout injection pipe

9. GROUTING MATERIAL TYPES
Cement and water
• Cement, rock flour and water • Cement, clay and water
• Cement clay, sand and water • Asphalt
• Clay and water • Chemicals MATERIALS USED FOR
GROUTING
Common admixtures used with cement grouts:
1. Calcium chloride ]
2. Sodium hydroxide ]-----------------for accelerating setting time
3. Sodium silicate ]
4. Gypsum ]
5. Lime sugar ]----------------------for retarding setting time.
6. Ground shale ]--------for reducing cost of grout and reduces

10. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
1.Minimum disturbance to the structure and surrounding ground,
2.Minimum risk during construction.
3.Ground water not affected.
4.Supports all portions of structures.
Disadvantages
•Grouting adjacent to unsupported slopes may be ineffective.
•Not suitable in decomposable materials.
•Danger of filling underground pipes with grout.
•Effectiveness questionable in saturated clays

11. CONCLUSION
Grouting is a popular ground treatment technique, but not so many
engineers are familiar with it. And they often have misconception
about grouting.
The project is to clarify on one hand the basics of grouting, and then
on the other hand try to provide a full coverage of all types of
grouting mechanisms in practice.
For each grouting mechanism, a brief discussion is given to its design
considerations, construction and application.
Finally, finite element method is used to analyze and model grouting
to confirm the extent of grouting in terms of treatment zone and
degree of improvement of ground properties required.

12. REFERANCE
Bruce, D.A., 2012. Specialty Construction Techniques for Dam and
Levee Remediation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Effectiveness of leakage control after application of permeation
grouting to earth fill dam. KSCE J. Civil Eng. 10, 405–414.
Fell,R.,MacGregor,P.,Stapledon,D.,Bell,G.,Foster,M.,2015.Geotechnical
Engineering of Dams, second ed. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group,
London, UK.