GRAIN BOUNDARY STRENGTHENING POSTER
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This document discusses grain boundary strengthening as a technique for strengthening materials. It describes how grain boundaries separate grains of different crystallographic orientations and act as barriers to dislocation motion. High angle grain boundaries have higher surface energy than low angle grain boundaries. Strengthening can occur through restricting dislocation motion at grain boundaries, making the material harder but sometimes reducing ductility. Grain boundary sliding is another deformation mechanism above half the melting temperature, where sliding along boundaries can occur.
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Mme 323 materials science week 7-8 - dislocations & strenghtening mechanisms
The document discusses dislocations and strengthening mechanisms in metals, including how plastic deformation occurs through the motion of dislocations, and mechanisms like reducing grain size, solid solution strengthening, and strain hardening that impede dislocation motion and strengthen metals. Grain boundaries, solute atoms, and increased dislocation density from deformation respectively act as barriers to dislocation movement to strengthen materials.
Deformation and strengthening
1. Plastic deformation in metals occurs through the movement of line defects called dislocations. Dislocations can move more easily in metals compared to ceramics and covalent solids due to metals having non-directional bonding and close-packed crystal structures.
2. The critical resolved shear stress is the minimum shear stress required to initiate slip and plastic deformation. Strengthening mechanisms like reducing grain size, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and strain hardening increase the critical resolved shear stress.
3. Recovery and recrystallization processes allow deformed metals to reduce their dislocation density and form new defect-free grains, allowing deformed metals to soften after deformation.
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This slide is presented to get the brief detail about the topic (mechanisms of strenghtening in metals).
I hope this will help uh about this topic.
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This chapter discusses strengthening mechanisms in materials through dislocation motion and plastic deformation. There are four main strategies for strengthening discussed: 1) reducing grain size, 2) solid solution strengthening through alloying, 3) precipitation strengthening through formation of hard precipitates, and 4) cold working which increases dislocation density. Reducing grain size strengthens materials according to the Hall-Petch relationship by increasing the number of grain boundaries that impede dislocation motion. Alloying and precipitate formation strengthen materials by generating localized stress fields that impede dislocation motion. Cold working strengthens materials by increasing dislocation density and entanglement within the structure.
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This document discusses dislocations and strengthening mechanisms in metals. It begins by explaining how dislocations allow plastic deformation through slip and describes the slip systems in FCC and BCC crystals. It then discusses three main mechanisms for strengthening metals: reducing grain size, solid solution strengthening, and strain hardening. Reducing grain size increases the number of grain boundaries that impede dislocation motion. Solid solution strengthening involves alloying with impurity atoms that distort the lattice and impede dislocations. Strain hardening occurs through plastic deformation, which increases dislocation density and causes dislocations to impede each other. The document concludes by discussing recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth processes in metals after plastic deformation.
Plastic deformation and strengthning mechanism
Plastic deformation occurs through crystal distortion localized to slip planes and directions, most commonly through translational glide of dislocations. The presence of defects like dislocations explains why real crystals deform plastically at stresses much lower than theoretical predictions. Dislocations can glide, climb, and multiply, allowing plastic flow. Strengthening mechanisms like solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and work hardening increase the resistance of dislocation motion through interactions with solute atoms, particles, and other dislocations. In polycrystalline materials, grain boundaries further strengthen materials by impeding dislocation motion.
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The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 7 of the textbook "Introduction to Materials Science" related to strengthening mechanisms in materials. It discusses how plastic deformation occurs through the motion of dislocations in materials and different ways to strengthen materials by impeding dislocation motion, such as reducing grain size, alloying, and increasing dislocation density through strain hardening. It also covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth processes in materials after plastic deformation.
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The document describes various topics relating to plastic deformation in materials including dislocation motion, slip systems, strengthening mechanisms, and the effects of processing. It defines slip systems for FCC metals as occurring on {111} planes in <110> directions, allowing for 12 total slip systems. Strengthening mechanisms discussed include reducing grain size, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and strain hardening. Solid solution strengthening is achieved through lattice strain interactions between solute atoms and dislocations. Strain hardening occurs as dislocation density increases during plastic deformation, causing dislocations to interact and impede further motion. Processing such as cold working was also described as increasing yield strength through dislocation generation and accumulation.
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The document discusses rate controlled sintering in advanced ceramic processes. It explains that sintering transforms ceramic powder compacts into dense materials through heating by reducing pores and growing grains. The driving force is lowering free energy. Sintering occurs in three stages and is affected by various factors. Rate controlled sintering controls the heating rate or temperature to control the sintering process for improved material properties. It provides examples demonstrating the effects of heating rate on microstructure.
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