Scientific Method for Grade 7 students; High School

1. Mr. Aaron F. San Jose

2. Bring out your
notebook

3. KWL CHART
• LOOK FOR A PARTNER TO SHARE AND WORK WITH.
What else
do I know?
What do I
want to
know?
What did I
learn?

4. What is it?
•It involves a series
of steps that are
used to investigate
a natural
occurrence.

5. I developed
and
formalized
Scientific
Method!
FRANCIS BACON
English Philosopher

6. Steps
1. Observe/Ask a question
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design and perform an
experiment
4. Analyze data and results
5. Draw a conclusion

7. O
O
O

8. 1. Observe/Ask a Question
Develop a
question or
problem.
Make
observations
and research
your topic of
interest.

9. 1. Observe/Ask a Question
"What am I
interested
in?"
"What subject do
I want to learn
about?"

10. Example 1: John watches his Grandma bake
bread. Grandma explains that yeast eats
sugar in the bread dough and releases gas
which makes the bread rise.
John wonders – Will the amount of sugar in
the recipe affect the size of a bread loaf?
1. Observe/Ask a Question

11. 1. Observe/Ask a Question
Example 2: For the past days of acid
raining, Leah discovered some of
her plants are dying, and some are
wilted.
She asked herself, how does acid
rain affect plant growth?

12. In partners…
For 3 minutes

13. VARIABLES…

14. V A R I A B L E S

15. Dependent Variable – responds to
changes you made with the independent
variable
Independent variable – you can change
or manipulate in an experiment
Controlled variable – kept constant
during the experiment

16. You design an
experiment testing
the effects of
temperature on the
volume of Helium
gas in a balloon.
IV
DV
CV
Temperature
Volume of
He gas
Type of gas,
type of
balloon
Sample:

17. Sample:
You want to
test if the type
of water will
affect the
plant growth
IV
DV
CV
Type of water
Plant growth
Type of plant

18. 2. Formulate a Hypothesis
A clear
statement of
what you expect
the answer to
your question to
be.

19. RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE AND
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Form your
hypothesis based on
your QUESTION.

20. Which one sounds like a
hypothesis?
a.Eating sweetcorn causes weight loss.
b.Eating sweetcorn will help you lose
weight..
c.Eating sweetcorn may help you lose
weight..

21. If a person eats
sweetcorn, he may lose
weight.

22. Proper Form
If-Then FORMAT
If sweetcorn helps in the process
of weight loss, then a person
who eats more sweetcorn will
tend to lose weight faster.
IV
DV
CV

23. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
may lead to skin cancer.

24. Proper Form
If skin cancer is related to UV light,
then people with prolonged
exposure to UV light will have
skin cancer.
IV
DV
CV

25. 2. Formulate a Hypothesis
Follow the If, Then method…
Example 1: “If the amount of sugar affects
the bread loaf size, then more sugar will yield
to bigger bread..”
Example 2: “If the amount of acid rain
inhibits the growth of the plant, then the
plant will wilt and become shorter than

26. Steps
1. Observe/Ask a question
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design and perform an
experiment
4. Analyze data and results
5. Draw a conclusion

27. Review
•Uncle Jerry wants to test
what type of worm will the
yellowfin fish eat faster in
the hook of the fishing rod.
https://www.mentimeter.com/s/717b5e6e3ea0bad7e
58cfb6390eae864/d441da1012f3

28. Steps
1. Observe/Ask a question
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design and perform an
experiment
4. Analyze data and results
5. Draw a conclusion

29. What is an Experiment?
https://www.mentimeter.com/s/b2eedddf2ca0507cefeee2c06be90848/d27558
258d18

30. •It tests the hypothesis
•It demonstrates fair testing…
•Has more than one trial or
group

31. •Example 1:
•Controlled: There is 100 grams of sugar
added to the dough.
•Experimental 1: There is 200 grams of sugar
added to the dough.
•Experimental 2: There is 300 grams of sugar
added to the dough.
3. Design and Perform

32. •Example 2:
•Controlled: A plant is watered
with normal water.
•Experimental: A plant is
watered with acid rain.
3. Design and Perform an Experiment

33. Steps
1. Observe/Ask a question
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design and perform an
experiment
4. Analyze data and results
5. Draw a conclusion

34. 4. Analyze Data and Results (Example 1)
Set-up SIZE OF BREAD (cm³)
Amount of
Sugar
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Average
size
100 grams
(Controlled)
1296 1440 1296 1344
200 grams
(Experimental)
1404 1296 1440 1380
300 grams
(Experimental)
1638 1638 1560 1612

35. •Among the three set-ups, set-up
1 got the highest volume of
bread (1612 cm³). Set-up 1 got
1344 cm³, while set-up 2 got
1380 cm³.

36. 4. Analyze Data and Results (Example 2)
Set-up LENGTH OF PLANT (meters)
Type of
Water
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Average
size
Normal
Water
(Controlled)
1.212 1.201 1.181
1.198
Acid Rain
(Experimental)
0.992 1.001 0.904 0.966

37. 4. Analyze Data and Results
•With the use of normal
water, the plant gets to grow
taller than the acid rain-
watered plant, having 1.198
m compared to 0.966 m.

38. Steps
1. Observe/Ask a question
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design and perform an
experiment
4. Analyze data and results
5. Draw a conclusion

39. Includes a statement
that accepts or rejects
the hypothesis.

40. Example 1: I therefore
conclude that the higher the
amount of sugar you will put
in dough, the higher the
bread will rise, as seen in the
volume.

41. Example 2: I therefore
conclude that acid rain may
affect the growth of a plant
as it slowly inhibits it.

42. KWL CHART
• LOOK FOR A PARTNER TO SHARE AND WORK WITH.
What else
do I know?
What do I
want to
know?
What did I
learn?

43. •Finalize your work
https://www.mentimeter.com/s/23a472eda3b0afc1828af43
c6080bd3c/832caf0a678c