Goal Setting Theory

The Behavior Modification Theory, also known as Reinforcement Theory, states that behavior can be controlled by controlling its consequences. There are four outcomes depending on whether positive or negative consequences are applied or withdrawn: 1) positive reinforcement encourages behavior through desirable consequences, 2) negative reinforcement removes undesirable events to encourage behavior, 3) punishment discourages behavior through undesirable consequences, and 4) extinction weakens behavior by withdrawing previous rewards. Schedules of reinforcement determine how rewards are delivered, such as continuous reinforcement of all behaviors or partial reinforcement of some behaviors only.