This document contains contributions from several students (Patricia Cortez, Diane Adela Legasi, Karen Boncan, Kryssia Liwanag, Ronna Antoja, Raymond Murao, and Elvis Reyes) discussing various theories of motivation, including intrinsic motivation, curiosity, goal-setting theory, learned helplessness theory, and anxiety. The discussions provide examples and explanations of key concepts from each theory as well as links to additional resources for further information.

1. Cortez, Patricia
Legasi, Diane Adela
Boncan, Karen
Liwanag, Kryssia
Antoja, Ronna
Murao, Raymond
Reyes, Elvis
GROUP 2
Psychology of Motivation

2. Intrinsic
Motivation

3. Inconsistency in Learning
• Sometimes, we are motivated to do things from within.
However, when we encounter difficulties in learning
there’s a tendency that we will cease or put an end on
what we are doing.
• This kind of motivation usually comes easily; out of our
interests, drives, and desires. Unfortunately these are often
the things that we don't do as much as we want to because
of work, school, or other life obligations. Sporadically, the
people around us are very judgmental to the point that we
feel insecure and unworthy of what we are doing.
Cortez, Patricia
http://willmeekphd.com/item/mastering-motivation

4. Curiosity
Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:
• attribute their educational results to factors under their
own control, also known as autonomy;
• believe they have the skills to be effective agents in
reaching their desired goals, also known as self-efficacy
beliefs;
• are interested in mastering a topic, not just in achieving
good grades.
Legasi, Adela
http://education.purduecal.edu/Vockell/EdPsyBook/Edpsy5/edpsy5_intrinsic.htm
• Something in the physical environment attracts the
learner's attention or there is an optimal level of
discrepancy between present knowledge or skills and what
these could be if the learner engaged in some activity.

5. Goal-setting
Theory

6. Splitting (Borderline Personality Disorder)
• The tendency of those with these disorders to view others
as all-good or all-bad. It’s an intensely emotional and
defensive dynamic – and it can become highly contagious
in the workplace. People who engage in this splitting
dynamic don’t even realize it and often become “high-
conflict” people, because they increase conflicts around
themselves instead of resolving them.
Boncan, Karen
http://www.highconflictinstitute.com/articles/workplace-issues-articles/78-hci-
articles/published-articles/139-splitting-at-work
Lunenberg, F. C. (2011). Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation. International Journal of
Management, Business, and Administration, 15, 4.

7. Splitting (Borderline Personality Disorder) continued
Boncan, Karen
http://www.highconflictinstitute.com/articles/workplace-issues-articles/78-hci-
articles/published-articles/139-splitting-at-work
Lunenberg, F. C. (2011). Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation. International Journal of
Management, Business, and Administration, 15, 4.
• Engage your workers in a group goal-setting. Having
employees work as teams with a specific team goal, rather
than as individuals with only individual goals, increases
productivity. Furthermore, the combination of compatible
group and individual goals is more effective than either
individual or group goals alone. Also, it builds camaraderie
among workers as they share their personal goals.

8. Behaviour Preferences
Liwanag, Kryssia
http://www.achieve-goal-setting-success.com/personality.html
• To set your own goals, you need to understand yourself
and your personality first. Goal setting is a journey with
yourself, so it is important for you to know what makes
you motivated
• We all act differently to different things. This is a natural
behaviour that is unique to you and affects how you view
success and failure. Find out what your natural behaviour
tendency is and how this will affect your goal setting.

9. Learned
Helplessness
Theory

10. Anxiety
• A woman fears her father's angry outbursts. Sometimes he
becomes violent but usually his weapon of choice is a
verbal torrent of criticism. The woman tries to avoid her
father as much as possible, and tries to be quiet when he is
present, hoping he will not notice her. She may begin to
feel shame and avoid talking to others because she does
not want them to know what is happening.
Antoja, Ronna
http://outofthefog.net/CommonNonBehaviors/LearnedHelplessness.html

11. Anxiety continued
• You have to begin to act more independently of the person
with the mental illness. Perhaps you need to stop seeking
their approval for your decisions, stop asking for their
permission to take care of yourself, stop letting them take
the lead in your relationship. After all - if you are the one
who is mentally healthy, you need to be the one who is
making the decisions about what is best for you.
Antoja, Ronna
http://outofthefog.net/CommonNonBehaviors/LearnedHelplessness.html

12. Dysfunction
• Arises when a person’s negative experiences are
generalized to their broader situation or outlook.
Murao, Raymond
http://outofthefog.net/CommonNonBehaviors/LearnedHelplessness.html
• For example, a husband's behavior had no influence or
control over a situation. However, in an attempt to
rationalize what happened, he may begin to review all the
things he has done to motivate his wife to hurt him so
much. He is making the mistake of looking at himself to
explain the random actions of his wife. He is learning to be
helpless.

13. Pessimistic Thinker
Reyes, Elvis
Schultz, D. and Schultz, S. E. Theories of Personalities, 8th edition.
• Having or showing a lack of hope for the future.
• People who express bad things to happen to them.
• Just like in the example of Seligman in experiment on dogs
using classical conditioning being pessimistic is applicable on
this theory.
• One situation that can be fit to learned helplessness is
”Having a cancer”. A sense of hopelessness occur in some
people who have this condition.