The document discusses various theories and approaches for motivating employees, including: 1) Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McClelland's acquired needs theory which posit that physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs drive motivation. 2) Equity theory which focuses on how fairly employees feel they are treated compared to others. 3) Expectancy theory which suggests motivation depends on wanting a reward and expecting to receive it for one's efforts. 4) Goal setting theory which states goals should be specific, challenging, and achievable to boost motivation.