1. Harris, an employer, is dissatisfied with the lack of improvement in his staff's performance despite giving everyone a $500 bonus.
2. To better motivate his staff, Harris needs to understand and apply contemporary motivation theories which explain how and why people are motivated.
3. Motivation theories cover needs, cognitive processes, consequences of behaviors, and can help Harris structure work, rewards, feedback and goals to satisfy different needs and motivate high performance from his staff.
Motivational concepts and its application - Organizational BehaviourRaja Manzar
The document discusses various motivational theories and concepts in organizational behavior. It covers early theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Contemporary theories discussed include self-determination theory, goal setting theory, reinforcement theory, and equity theory. The document also explores concepts like job characteristics, employee involvement, and rewarding employees. It aims to acquaint readers with key motivational concepts and their application in organizations.
This document discusses motivating and satisfying employees in the workplace. It covers psychological contracts, job satisfaction, morale and various theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, expectancy theory and equity theory. It then discusses strategies to enhance job satisfaction like reinforcement, management by objectives, job enrichment and modified work schedules. Finally, it discusses managerial styles, contingency leadership and motivation in the 21st century workplace.
Motivation is a complex psychological process that influences human behavior. This document discusses several theories of motivation including Equity Theory and Theory Z. Equity Theory proposes that employees are motivated by a desire to be treated fairly in relation to others based on their inputs and outcomes. Theory Z focuses on trust, subtlety, and intimacy between employees and management to improve productivity. The document also covers types and tools of motivation such as rewards, job design, empowerment, and participative management. It emphasizes the importance of motivation for achieving organizational goals and improving performance.
The study of motivation is complex. It is a significant study for managers because employees when motivated are stimulated to achieve organizational goals. Employees who are motivated remain focus in a systematic way. Without a knowledge of motivation managers are in danger of guiding the behaviour of subordinates and make mistakes towards the desired outcomes of the organization.
The document discusses various ways to motivate employees from the perspective of a company manager. It defines motivation and lists theories of motivation. It also discusses the importance of motivation for both individuals and businesses. Finally, it provides examples of financial and non-financial ways for managers to motivate employees, such as flexible work schedules, recognition programs, stock options, and job enrichment.
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
1. Frederick Taylor believed workers are motivated mainly by pay and breaking work into small repetitive tasks. However, this led to worker dissatisfaction.
2. Elton Mayo found workers are motivated by social factors like interaction and attention from managers.
3. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes workers must have lower level needs met like pay before pursuing higher needs like fulfillment.
4. Frederick Herzberg argued motivators like interesting work that provides responsibility are more effective than dissatisfiers like pay. Methods like job enrichment and empowerment can motivate.
This document summarizes several motivation theories and programs, including:
MBO focuses on setting specific and measurable goals that cascade down the organization. The Job Characteristics Model links job design to motivation through five core dimensions. Recognition programs and employee involvement programs can increase motivation through feedback and participation. Variable pay programs tie pay to performance measures.
Organizational Change - Meaning, Change agents, Characteristics of Organizational Change, Causes of Organizational Change, Internal Factors , External Factors, Lewins Model of Organizational Change, Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing, Creativity - Meaning, Components of Creativity, Qualities of a Creative Person, Factors affecting Creativity in Organizations, Ways of enhancing creativity for effective decision making, Brain Storming, Creative Problem Solving, Stages in Creative Problem Solving
Motivational concepts and its application - Organizational BehaviourRaja Manzar
The document discusses various motivational theories and concepts in organizational behavior. It covers early theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Contemporary theories discussed include self-determination theory, goal setting theory, reinforcement theory, and equity theory. The document also explores concepts like job characteristics, employee involvement, and rewarding employees. It aims to acquaint readers with key motivational concepts and their application in organizations.
This document discusses motivating and satisfying employees in the workplace. It covers psychological contracts, job satisfaction, morale and various theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, expectancy theory and equity theory. It then discusses strategies to enhance job satisfaction like reinforcement, management by objectives, job enrichment and modified work schedules. Finally, it discusses managerial styles, contingency leadership and motivation in the 21st century workplace.
Motivation is a complex psychological process that influences human behavior. This document discusses several theories of motivation including Equity Theory and Theory Z. Equity Theory proposes that employees are motivated by a desire to be treated fairly in relation to others based on their inputs and outcomes. Theory Z focuses on trust, subtlety, and intimacy between employees and management to improve productivity. The document also covers types and tools of motivation such as rewards, job design, empowerment, and participative management. It emphasizes the importance of motivation for achieving organizational goals and improving performance.
The study of motivation is complex. It is a significant study for managers because employees when motivated are stimulated to achieve organizational goals. Employees who are motivated remain focus in a systematic way. Without a knowledge of motivation managers are in danger of guiding the behaviour of subordinates and make mistakes towards the desired outcomes of the organization.
The document discusses various ways to motivate employees from the perspective of a company manager. It defines motivation and lists theories of motivation. It also discusses the importance of motivation for both individuals and businesses. Finally, it provides examples of financial and non-financial ways for managers to motivate employees, such as flexible work schedules, recognition programs, stock options, and job enrichment.
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
1. Frederick Taylor believed workers are motivated mainly by pay and breaking work into small repetitive tasks. However, this led to worker dissatisfaction.
2. Elton Mayo found workers are motivated by social factors like interaction and attention from managers.
3. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes workers must have lower level needs met like pay before pursuing higher needs like fulfillment.
4. Frederick Herzberg argued motivators like interesting work that provides responsibility are more effective than dissatisfiers like pay. Methods like job enrichment and empowerment can motivate.
This document summarizes several motivation theories and programs, including:
MBO focuses on setting specific and measurable goals that cascade down the organization. The Job Characteristics Model links job design to motivation through five core dimensions. Recognition programs and employee involvement programs can increase motivation through feedback and participation. Variable pay programs tie pay to performance measures.
Organizational Change - Meaning, Change agents, Characteristics of Organizational Change, Causes of Organizational Change, Internal Factors , External Factors, Lewins Model of Organizational Change, Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing, Creativity - Meaning, Components of Creativity, Qualities of a Creative Person, Factors affecting Creativity in Organizations, Ways of enhancing creativity for effective decision making, Brain Storming, Creative Problem Solving, Stages in Creative Problem Solving
This document discusses motivation and human behavior in organizations. It defines motivation as a driving force that pushes people to take action and pursue goals. Managers motivate employees to be productive and achieve desired goals. Motivation theories discussed include Maslow's hierarchy of needs and reinforcement theory. Job enrichment aims to make jobs more meaningful by adding tasks without enhancing responsibility. Effective motivation in organizations considers individual needs and perceptions, and allows freedom within limits to pursue goals. Motivation results from attitudes in response to specific situations and is the strength of drive toward an action.
This document discusses the importance of motivation and identifies four key factors that motivate employees: the reward system, leadership style, organizational climate, and the nature of the work. It explains that employees are motivated by incentives and rewards that allow them to acquire things. Leadership style and organizational climate also impact motivation by influencing how employees feel about the company and their bonds with coworkers. Matching job roles to employees' interests can make work more motivating.
1. Motivation is important for organizations and individuals as it leads to improved performance and productivity.
2. Motivated employees and empowered teams are more likely to help businesses succeed and achieve goals.
3. Motivation fosters job satisfaction, self-development, and a positive work environment.
This document discusses motivating and rewarding employees. It covers topics like the hallmarks of a motivated workplace, motivation myths, and tips for motivating employees. Some key points that motivate employees include offering opportunities for advancement, fair compensation, and recognition. The document emphasizes that what motivates one person may not motivate others and that managers should lead by example to motivate their staff. It provides a "motivation toolbox" of strategies employers can use like balancing work and personal life, benefits, communication, corporate culture and teamwork.
This document discusses employee motivation in 3 paragraphs:
1) It defines motivation and discusses theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's XY theory, and McClelland's motivational needs theory focused on achievement, affiliation, and power.
2) It discusses factors that motivate employees both externally like salary and benefits, and internally like achievement and responsibility.
3) It covers reasons for demotivation and why employees leave jobs, such as lack of learning opportunities, feedback, and challenges or bad bosses. The document aims to understand what drives employee actions and how to motivate maximum performance.
MOTIVATION IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANGEMENT; WHAT IS MOTIVATION, NEED FOR MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES, PROCESS OF MOTIVATION, TYPES OF MOTIVATION- INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC. MOTIVATION THEORY. METHODS OF MOTIVATION.
The document discusses various techniques for motivating employees in the workplace, including providing meaningful work, setting clear goals and expectations, and offering regular feedback. It also covers motivational theories like Herzberg's two-factor theory, which distinguishes between motivational factors like achievement and hygiene factors like salary. Specific motivators are discussed like financial incentives, benefits programs, and goal setting with rewards.
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation and differentiates between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Several theories of motivation are explained, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. The document also covers expectancy theory, goal setting theory, and reinforcement theory. Effective strategies for motivating employees are provided, such as recognizing individual needs and developing a supportive work environment.
Motivation. motivation encourages an individual to be more active. So it is important for us to learn more about motivation. Through this presentation you can enrich yourself with the knowledge of motivation.
Mba 592 presentation communication and team dynamics in the workplaceColleen Carey
This document summarizes a presentation on communication and team dynamics in the workplace. It discusses key topics like employee engagement, emotional intelligence, and effective team characteristics. Regarding employee engagement, the presentation notes that Gallup polls show stagnant engagement levels since 2000, with only 32% of employees engaged. It also identifies trends in engagement like appreciation, individual needs, praise and feedback. For effective teams, characteristics discussed include a healthy mix of introverts and extroverts, participative decision making, shared goals, strong leadership and open communication. Challenges to teams include a lack of trust, conflict and silos.
This presentation addresses the following:
-Meaning of Motivation and Leadership
-Key Features of Motivational Leaders
-Providing Motivational Leadership using Specific
-Motivational Theories
-How to Practice Motivational Leadership
Hello readers, hope this posting finds you well.
This presentation is the last project in my campus for Management subjects. This slides will explaining about Motivating Employee. Hopefully, this slides can be beneficial for my readers :)
Regards,
AmythaFP
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation as an inner impulse that initiates and directs an individual's actions to satisfy a need. Motivation is important for managers to consider as it impacts employees' job performance and satisfaction. There are intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation. Managers can create a motivating climate through clear expectations, fairness, team building, recognizing employees' uniqueness, providing challenges, and rewarding desirable behaviors. This involves understanding individual motivators and developing reward systems consistent with employees' values.
The document discusses motivational theories that are applied in today's organizations. It covers early theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's achievement theory. It then discusses newer theories that are more relevant today, including economic rewards, promotions, opportunities for growth, autonomy, and goal-setting. Various innovative ways companies motivate employees through charity initiatives, fun activities, and recognition programs are also outlined. In conclusion, the document states that organizations should take a multifaceted approach and apply different theories as employees' needs vary, and the type of business impacts which theories are most effective.
MOTIVATION
Motivation is the process of arousing the action, sustaining the activity in process and regulating the pattern of activity. - YOUNG
Motivation refers to the states within a person or animal that drives behavior toward some goals.
- MORGAN AND KING
This document discusses various tips and strategies for boosting employee morale and motivation in the workplace. It outlines approaches like supervisors greeting employees, writing personal notes, inviting part-time staff to social events, and allowing flexible work hours. The document also summarizes several major motivation theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's motivational drives of achievement, affiliation, competence and power.
This document discusses various theories and strategies for motivating and rewarding employees. It describes motivation as the process by which a person's efforts are energized and sustained toward attaining goals. Several classic motivation theories are examined, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. McClelland's three needs theory is also covered. The document then discusses strategies for motivating a diverse workforce such as flexible work hours and job sharing. It concludes with suggestions for designing appropriate rewards programs.
This document provides an overview of strategies for boosting morale and motivation in the workplace. It discusses key motivators like achievement and autonomy, components of motivation like direction and effort, and theories of motivation like Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers maintaining motivation through clear expectations, rewards, innovation, feedback and empowerment. Specific strategies are proposed for motivating different personality types and generations. Overall the document aims to help managers understand and promote motivation.
The document discusses several major theories of motivation:
1) Content theories (Hierarchy of Needs, ERG, Two-Factor, Acquired Needs) examine what motivates employees based on their needs.
2) Process theories (Equity, Goal-Setting, Expectancy) look at how motivation works by examining perceptions, expectations, and evaluations.
3) Reinforcement theory proposes that employee behavior is motivated by its consequences through positive reinforcement, avoidance, extinction, or punishment. The document provides overviews and comparisons of these motivation theories.
Get Valenced by the most prestigious motivation firm in LesothoThe Legal Voice
Valence Motivation is a creative company that produces promotional materials like banners, annual reports, newsletters, and posters for various clients. The document shows examples of their work for clients such as the LEC, LRA, Petrolium Fund, Ministry of Health, and strategic development plans.
This document discusses motivation and human behavior in organizations. It defines motivation as a driving force that pushes people to take action and pursue goals. Managers motivate employees to be productive and achieve desired goals. Motivation theories discussed include Maslow's hierarchy of needs and reinforcement theory. Job enrichment aims to make jobs more meaningful by adding tasks without enhancing responsibility. Effective motivation in organizations considers individual needs and perceptions, and allows freedom within limits to pursue goals. Motivation results from attitudes in response to specific situations and is the strength of drive toward an action.
This document discusses the importance of motivation and identifies four key factors that motivate employees: the reward system, leadership style, organizational climate, and the nature of the work. It explains that employees are motivated by incentives and rewards that allow them to acquire things. Leadership style and organizational climate also impact motivation by influencing how employees feel about the company and their bonds with coworkers. Matching job roles to employees' interests can make work more motivating.
1. Motivation is important for organizations and individuals as it leads to improved performance and productivity.
2. Motivated employees and empowered teams are more likely to help businesses succeed and achieve goals.
3. Motivation fosters job satisfaction, self-development, and a positive work environment.
This document discusses motivating and rewarding employees. It covers topics like the hallmarks of a motivated workplace, motivation myths, and tips for motivating employees. Some key points that motivate employees include offering opportunities for advancement, fair compensation, and recognition. The document emphasizes that what motivates one person may not motivate others and that managers should lead by example to motivate their staff. It provides a "motivation toolbox" of strategies employers can use like balancing work and personal life, benefits, communication, corporate culture and teamwork.
This document discusses employee motivation in 3 paragraphs:
1) It defines motivation and discusses theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's XY theory, and McClelland's motivational needs theory focused on achievement, affiliation, and power.
2) It discusses factors that motivate employees both externally like salary and benefits, and internally like achievement and responsibility.
3) It covers reasons for demotivation and why employees leave jobs, such as lack of learning opportunities, feedback, and challenges or bad bosses. The document aims to understand what drives employee actions and how to motivate maximum performance.
MOTIVATION IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANGEMENT; WHAT IS MOTIVATION, NEED FOR MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES, PROCESS OF MOTIVATION, TYPES OF MOTIVATION- INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC. MOTIVATION THEORY. METHODS OF MOTIVATION.
The document discusses various techniques for motivating employees in the workplace, including providing meaningful work, setting clear goals and expectations, and offering regular feedback. It also covers motivational theories like Herzberg's two-factor theory, which distinguishes between motivational factors like achievement and hygiene factors like salary. Specific motivators are discussed like financial incentives, benefits programs, and goal setting with rewards.
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation and differentiates between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Several theories of motivation are explained, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. The document also covers expectancy theory, goal setting theory, and reinforcement theory. Effective strategies for motivating employees are provided, such as recognizing individual needs and developing a supportive work environment.
Motivation. motivation encourages an individual to be more active. So it is important for us to learn more about motivation. Through this presentation you can enrich yourself with the knowledge of motivation.
Mba 592 presentation communication and team dynamics in the workplaceColleen Carey
This document summarizes a presentation on communication and team dynamics in the workplace. It discusses key topics like employee engagement, emotional intelligence, and effective team characteristics. Regarding employee engagement, the presentation notes that Gallup polls show stagnant engagement levels since 2000, with only 32% of employees engaged. It also identifies trends in engagement like appreciation, individual needs, praise and feedback. For effective teams, characteristics discussed include a healthy mix of introverts and extroverts, participative decision making, shared goals, strong leadership and open communication. Challenges to teams include a lack of trust, conflict and silos.
This presentation addresses the following:
-Meaning of Motivation and Leadership
-Key Features of Motivational Leaders
-Providing Motivational Leadership using Specific
-Motivational Theories
-How to Practice Motivational Leadership
Hello readers, hope this posting finds you well.
This presentation is the last project in my campus for Management subjects. This slides will explaining about Motivating Employee. Hopefully, this slides can be beneficial for my readers :)
Regards,
AmythaFP
This document discusses motivation in the workplace. It defines motivation as an inner impulse that initiates and directs an individual's actions to satisfy a need. Motivation is important for managers to consider as it impacts employees' job performance and satisfaction. There are intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation. Managers can create a motivating climate through clear expectations, fairness, team building, recognizing employees' uniqueness, providing challenges, and rewarding desirable behaviors. This involves understanding individual motivators and developing reward systems consistent with employees' values.
The document discusses motivational theories that are applied in today's organizations. It covers early theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's achievement theory. It then discusses newer theories that are more relevant today, including economic rewards, promotions, opportunities for growth, autonomy, and goal-setting. Various innovative ways companies motivate employees through charity initiatives, fun activities, and recognition programs are also outlined. In conclusion, the document states that organizations should take a multifaceted approach and apply different theories as employees' needs vary, and the type of business impacts which theories are most effective.
MOTIVATION
Motivation is the process of arousing the action, sustaining the activity in process and regulating the pattern of activity. - YOUNG
Motivation refers to the states within a person or animal that drives behavior toward some goals.
- MORGAN AND KING
This document discusses various tips and strategies for boosting employee morale and motivation in the workplace. It outlines approaches like supervisors greeting employees, writing personal notes, inviting part-time staff to social events, and allowing flexible work hours. The document also summarizes several major motivation theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's motivational drives of achievement, affiliation, competence and power.
This document discusses various theories and strategies for motivating and rewarding employees. It describes motivation as the process by which a person's efforts are energized and sustained toward attaining goals. Several classic motivation theories are examined, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. McClelland's three needs theory is also covered. The document then discusses strategies for motivating a diverse workforce such as flexible work hours and job sharing. It concludes with suggestions for designing appropriate rewards programs.
This document provides an overview of strategies for boosting morale and motivation in the workplace. It discusses key motivators like achievement and autonomy, components of motivation like direction and effort, and theories of motivation like Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers maintaining motivation through clear expectations, rewards, innovation, feedback and empowerment. Specific strategies are proposed for motivating different personality types and generations. Overall the document aims to help managers understand and promote motivation.
The document discusses several major theories of motivation:
1) Content theories (Hierarchy of Needs, ERG, Two-Factor, Acquired Needs) examine what motivates employees based on their needs.
2) Process theories (Equity, Goal-Setting, Expectancy) look at how motivation works by examining perceptions, expectations, and evaluations.
3) Reinforcement theory proposes that employee behavior is motivated by its consequences through positive reinforcement, avoidance, extinction, or punishment. The document provides overviews and comparisons of these motivation theories.
Get Valenced by the most prestigious motivation firm in LesothoThe Legal Voice
Valence Motivation is a creative company that produces promotional materials like banners, annual reports, newsletters, and posters for various clients. The document shows examples of their work for clients such as the LEC, LRA, Petrolium Fund, Ministry of Health, and strategic development plans.
Thousands of years ago, cave-dwellers mastered “Motivation 1.0,” as they scavenged for survival.
Hundreds of years ago “Motivation 2.0” introduced external reward (carrot) or punishment (stick) to shape behavior. This approach became the favored incentive program to carry forth the industrial revolution.
Today, thought-leaders and visionaries require a much different approach if companies expect to inspire (and keeping) the best and brightest talent. “Motivation 3.0” taps into the inner “drive” of a person, aligning their purpose with opportunity.
In this special Cultivate Exchange session, Lead Coach at R3 Coaching, Paul Anthes, shares the fundamental elements of “Motivation 3.0,” and how to leverage them within your company for optimal engagement and effectiveness.
Topics included:
Unlocking purpose, autonomy, and mastery within your team
Hiring the right person for the job
Appropriate levels of challenge and capacity
Tesco was founded in 1919 in London's East End as a market stall by Jack Cohen. It has since expanded globally and now operates over 2,200 stores across Asia and Europe, including various store formats. Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world by profits and employs over 468,000 people globally. To motivate its large workforce, Tesco provides employees with ongoing training and skills development, opportunities to advance their knowledge, and timely rewards.
Valence Motivation is a 6-year-old Lesotho-based motivation consultancy that seeks to motivate big businesses through projects improving brands and employee performance. It offers motivation workshops, strategy sessions, creative design, and soft-skills training. Founder Alex Nonyane believes that true motivation comes from strategic communications that inspire stakeholders, not just hopes, helping clients increase profitability. Valence Motivation uses scientific methods to develop powerful guides enabling clients to innovate management practices through recognition of people and customers.
This document discusses motivational issues facing employees at Domino's Pizza in India. [1] Domino's was founded in 1960 in the US and is now the second largest pizza chain globally with over 10,000 stores in 70 countries. [2] It opened its first store in India in 1996. The major problem identified is a lack of motivation among employees, which affects operations. The objectives are to identify motivational issues, keep employees trained and motivated to improve productivity, and apply motivation theories. Literature reviewed includes information on Domino's vision, mission, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs as it applies to employees. The research methodology involves a questionnaire. The conclusion is that solutions need to be provided to overcome motivational
The document discusses an emergency braking system for automobiles that uses infrared sensors and a pneumatic braking circuit to stop a vehicle traveling at 50 km/h within 2-3 seconds. It then provides details on the principles and components of braking systems, including types of brakes, factors that affect braking performance, and driver reaction time. Drum brakes are described as applying friction from stationary shoe(s) inside a rotating drum attached to the wheel.
‘Good’ and ‘bad’ teachers‘good’ and ‘bad’ teachersAsheesh Jain
The document discusses students' perceptions of good and bad teachers from multiple perspectives. According to students, good teachers are helpful, supportive, personable, knowledgeable, use a variety of teaching styles, are fair and flexible. Bad teachers are described as mean, unwilling to help students, judgmental, routine and inflexible in their teaching. Another section discusses what makes a good teacher from a student's perspective, including being approachable, treating students equally with respect, and acknowledging their own limitations.
Short classroom observations with meaningful feedback can improve teaching practices and student achievement. The principal should regularly visit classrooms to understand teaching and learning, communicate with teachers, and provide support to meet school goals. Feedback should focus on teaching quality, student needs, learning, and progress towards standards. Short observations allow the principal to praise teachers, provide frequent guidance, and identify professional development needs. Effective feedback is specific, honest, focused on improvement, and involves two-way communication between the teacher and principal.
Positive and negative feedback are mechanisms the body uses to return to homeostasis. Positive feedback involves exaggerating the body's response, while negative feedback more directly works to restore normal conditions. Examples of negative feedback include perspiration and shivering, which help regulate body temperature back to normal levels.
The document is a term paper analyzing the motivation process of Apple Company. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives of studying Apple's motivation strategies. It provides an overview of Apple's history, vision, mission, products, organizational structure and functional areas. It discusses Apple's performance compared to other companies and analyzes Apple's motivation processes using Herzberg's two-factor theory. The document concludes with recommendations.
Members of Connect: Professional Women’s Network share advice for effectively delivering the good, bad and ugly.
Connect: Professional Women’s Network is online community with more than 300,000 members that discusses issues relevant to women and their success. The free LinkedIn group powered by Citi also features videos interviews with influential businesswomen, live Q&As with experts and slideshows with career advice. To learn more and join the conversation in the largest women's group on LinkedIn, visit http://www.linkedin.com/womenconnect.
Bd3.7.12 medilink motivation and retention (submitted v1)Accomplice
This document discusses how to motivate and retain an exceptional team. It explains that motivated employees are more productive, oriented towards quality, and happier, leading to longer retention. The team leader plays a key role in understanding what motivates each team member and managing motivational factors. An exceptional team is built on strong foundations that include a clear remit, adequate resources, understanding the corporate role and external links, supporting individual team members and well-being, having a motivating culture, and effective leadership and learning. The team leader should live the team's mandate, encourage potential and fairness, and balance concern for people and delivering results.
The document discusses various theories of motivation including: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, McClelland's needs theory, equity theory, expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, reinforcement theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It also discusses the importance of motivation for employee performance and retention. An integrated model is presented showing how individual motivation is influenced by attributes, performance, satisfaction, and extrinsic/intrinsic rewards within an organizational context. Strategies for motivating employees through job design and behavior modification are also outlined.
Human resources management involves determining pay rates through factors like legal considerations, equity, and job evaluation. It also establishes benefits like insurance, retirement plans, and family-friendly policies. Compensation includes direct financial payments as well as indirect payments and incentives. Effective incentive plans consider individual, team, and organizational performance to motivate employees appropriately.
This document discusses motivating and satisfying employees in the workplace. It covers psychological contracts, job satisfaction, morale and various theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, expectancy theory and equity theory. It then discusses strategies to enhance job satisfaction like reinforcement, management by objectives, job enrichment and modified work schedules. Finally, it discusses managerial styles, contingency leadership approaches and trends in motivation and leadership for the 21st century.
This document discusses various theories of motivation. It begins by defining key elements of motivation like intensity, direction, and persistence. It then outlines learning objectives related to understanding motivation in the workplace. Several early theories are described, including scientific management and the human relations model. Contemporary motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, ERG theory, and expectancy theory. The document provides examples of how these theories can be applied in organizational settings.
The document discusses various theories of motivation. It defines motivation and discusses needs-based approaches including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It also covers process-based approaches such as expectancy theory, equity theory, reinforcement theory, and goal setting theory. Each theory is explained in 1-2 sentences.
1. There are several theories that seek to explain what motivates employee performance and engagement. These include Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, McClelland's learned needs theory, and Lawrence and Nohria's four drives theory.
2. Expectancy theory proposes that motivation is influenced by the expectancies of effort leading to performance and performance leading to outcomes, as well as how valuable the potential outcomes are.
3. Equity theory suggests that employees are motivated by a sense of fair treatment and equitable exchange of contributions and outcomes compared to other employees. Feelings of inequity can decrease motivation.
Motivation is defined as stimulating someone to action and providing an incentive or motive. It comes from internal or external factors that encourage goal-directed behavior. Effective motivation leads to benefits like increased job satisfaction, lower absenteeism and turnover, and higher productivity. Motivation theories include Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Managers can use motivational strategies like training, feedback, job rotation, and appealing to needs, wants, emotions and expertise to encourage employee performance.
This document discusses various theories of motivation. It begins by introducing content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Next, it covers process theories such as Vroom's expectancy theory and Porter and Lawler's model. Contemporary theories like equity theory are also mentioned. The document emphasizes that motivation, ability, and environment all contribute to job performance. It provides examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and discusses the importance of effective feedback and goal setting in maximizing employee motivation.
This document provides an outline for learning about motivating employees. It discusses early theories of motivation from Maslow, McGregor, and Herzberg. Contemporary theories covered include job characteristics model, equity theory, and expectancy theory. Current issues in motivation are also examined, such as challenges in motivating diverse groups like men/women, professionals, unionized workers, and low-skilled employees. The document emphasizes applying motivation theories in practice by recognizing individual differences, matching people to jobs, using recognition programs, ensuring equity, and setting goals.
This document discusses motivating and satisfying employees and leadership. It covers psychological contracts that outline employee expectations and contributions in exchange for organizational inducements. High job satisfaction, morale and low turnover are beneficial. Motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and expectancy theory are examined. Strategies to enhance motivation like reinforcement, job enrichment and flexible schedules are presented. Leadership styles like democratic and styles contingent on situations are reviewed. Motivation and leadership emphasis security, coaching mentality, diversity and flexibility in the 21st century.
1. The document discusses different theories of motivation in the workplace including content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and process theories like expectancy theory and equity theory.
2. Content theories focus on how work is designed and its ability to satisfy needs, while process theories examine how individuals make decisions about effort based on expected outcomes and comparisons.
3. Effective reward systems that motivate individuals are perceived as fair, timely, meaningful, tailored to the individual, and based on current performance, but organizations often fail to implement such systems fully.
Motivation is important for employees and organizations to achieve goals. Managers can motivate employees through reinforcement like rewards for good performance or avoidance of negative outcomes for bad performance. Theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Adams' equity theory provide frameworks for understanding employee motivation. Managers should consider an employee's individual needs and ensure fair treatment to maintain motivation. Motivating a diverse workforce requires flexibility in rewards, schedules, and accounting for cultural differences. Pay-for-performance and open-book management can also increase motivation.
This document discusses organizational commitment, motives, and goal setting. It covers:
1) Three modes of organizational commitment - affective, continuance, and normative commitment.
2) Guidelines to enhance organizational commitment, such as committing to values, supporting employee development, and guaranteeing organizational justice.
3) Classification of motives as primary, secondary (power, achievement, affiliation, security, status), and general.
4) The importance of allowing employees to pursue personal goals in addition to organizational goals to increase retention.
5) Goal setting theory and its components - goal difficulty, specificity, acceptance, commitment, and self-efficacy. Goals provide motivation and performance management when set appropriately
Interpersonal Skills for Managers – Psychology in BusinessKarol Wolski
The document discusses various theories of motivation including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, McClelland's achievement theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Adams' equity theory, and Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory. It analyzes the core concepts of each theory and how they can help explain human motivation in organizational settings. The theories provide frameworks for understanding what motivates individuals and how motivation can be effectively managed within companies.
Motivation of factory people, presentation by zahidMd.Zahidul Islam
One of the key objectives that should feature in any business and organizational plan is motivation of one’s employees. It goes without saying that a motivated workforce is a more creative and productive one. Innovation is necessary to produce quality work. Only driven employees would put in the effort to find better methods to deliver quality output in the most efficient manner possible. The more engaged and motivated your employees are, the more it helps with reducing turnover. Those who frequently look out for better opportunities may be the ones with great potential while the ones who stay on could be just settling for their circumstances.
This document discusses motivation and reward systems. It begins by defining motivation and explaining that people are motivated to achieve goals that they believe will lead to valued rewards. It then covers several motivation theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, expectancy theory, and equity theory. The key messages are that motivation comes from both intrinsic rewards like interesting work and extrinsic rewards like pay. Motivation is higher when employee needs, goals, and the link between performance and rewards are clear. Companies can motivate employees through job design, rewards, incentives, and focusing on engagement and commitment.
This document discusses motivation theories and definitions. It provides definitions of motivation referring to actions or behaviors toward goals. Popular motivation definitions focus on willingness to perform and being affected by leadership. Motivation theories are divided into content theories, which focus on internal factors like needs, and process theories, which describe external factors like rewards. Several content theories are described including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Process theories discussed include goal-setting theory, equity theory, and expectancy theory.
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CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
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LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
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These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
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2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
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Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERα, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERα or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
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2. Learning Objectives
1. Describe and compare the contemporary
theories of motivation
2. Apply the motivation theories to
structure work and rewards to motivate
staff
3. Explain how to provide feedback and
modify behaviours through rewards and
punishment
3. Problem Analysis
No
Improvement
in
Performance!
$500 bonus for
Harris the everyone:
Employer Sourcing; Sales; How?
Admin
5. Motivation
• Rewards and punishments are used by organisations to motivate.
• Effectiveness of rewards varies – explained by motivation theories.
Content Theories Process Theories Reinforcement
(focus on: Needs) (focus on: Cognitive Theories
Process) (focus on:
Consequences)
• Hierarchy of Needs • Expectancy Theory • Operant Conditioning
(Maslow) (Vroom) (Skinner)
• 2-Factor Theory • Equity Theory (Adams) • Organisation
(Herzberg) • Goal Setting Theory Behaviour
• 3 Needs Theory (Locke) Modification (Luthans
(McClelland) & Kreitner)
6. Limitations & Assumptions
Whenever we apply motivation theories, we have to keep in mind
the following limitations & assumptions:
1.Motivation theories assume that we know what motivates
other people, and what their needs, wants, priorities, and values
are (which in reality is not true)
2.Motivation is a very complex issue involving many factors:
i. A motivator that works for one person may not work for
another ;
ii. What works for a person at one point in time may not
work in the future; &
iii. No single motivator is likely to work on its own.
7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Lower level needs must be
satisfied first before higher
level needs are ‘activated’.
• Satisfied needs cease to
motivate. the money may cater to
lower level needs that no longer motivate
Harris’ employees
• Unsatisfied needs can cause
frustration/stress lower
needs take precedence.
8. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
To motivate staff, Harris’ focus should be on the increasing
motivators while maintaining adequacy in the hygiene factors.
Hygiene Factors Motivating Factors
• inadequacy results in frustration • source of motivation
and lack of motivation • intrinsic factors / content of work
• beyond adequacy, does not • e.g. differentiate the bonus amount =
motivate achievement & recognition of good
• extrinsic factors / context of work performance
• e.g. flat $500
9. McClelland’s Three Acquired
Needs Theory
David McClelland’s research indicates that individuals are motivated
based on three major needs:
To motivate his staff, Harris must understand what needs his
employees are motivated by and structure work, assign roles, provide
rewards, and behave accordingly to meet those needs.
nAch nPow nAff
• The drive to excel, to • The need to make • The desire for
achieve a set of others behave in a friendly & close
standards, to strive way they would not interpersonal
to succeed have behaved relationships
• E.g. otherwise • E.g.
• Set stretch goals • E.g. • Praise, lunch together
• Provide timely • Give titles & assign • Show care & concern
performance feedback leadership roles
• Listen to feedback
10. Expectancy Theory
Outcome /
Effort Performance
Reward
P to O Expectancy
(Instrumentality)
E to P Expectancy likelihood of being rewarded Valence
(Expectancy) for performance preference for
belief that effort will Reward
influence performance •Not effective as $500 is given
positively regardless of performance •Is $500
•Could differentiate amount attractive?
•Provide periodic to strengthen instrumentality •Differentiate
feedback to strengthen by relating it to performance- amount to
expectancy related goals or criteria (e.g. improve valence
sales targets, cost reduction,
on time billing)
• Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence must be high to motivate staff
to work towards the reward
11. Equity Theory
• Most highly-motivated employees are those who perceive their rewards
are equal to their contributions.
Differentiate bonus amount
so that those who work
harder & perform better are
better compensated
Individual’s outcomes relational partner’s outcomes
Individual’s own inputs relational partner’s inputs
Ensure employees’
compensation are in line
with industry’s
• When people feel fairly treated, they are more likely to be motivated;
when they feel unfairly treated, they will be easily de-motivated
12. Goal Setting Theory
Harris would have to ensure that each element of the goal-setting theory must be
present to motivate staff.
Goal Organisational Intrinsic
Acceptance Support Rewards
S.M.A.R.T Goal Directed
Performance Satisfaction
Goals Effort
Goal Individual Traits Extrinsic
Commitment & Abilities Rewards
Put in more effort
to discuss & set Spend time to provide feedback;
goals with staff Make sure staff are confident of own abilities;
provide training if necessary.
13. Reinforcement Theories
Consequences
Behaviours
of Behaviour
Desired +ve reinforcement
Org Behaviours
-ve reinforcement
Antecedents
Undesired Extinction
Org Behaviours
Punishment
Set out the
expectations clearly Map out the consequences of their behaviours
to his staff
14. OB Mod
Four Alternative Consequences
Application
Positive
Reinforcement
Punishment
e.g. differentiate the
Manager’s Use
bonus amounts
-ve Consequence Consequence +ve
Extinction
Negative e.g. remove bonus
Reinforcement for those who have
not been performing
Withdrawal
15. Operant Conditioning
• A behaviour is a function of its consequence.
– A behaviour that is reinforced/rewarded will be repeated & vice-versa.
• Schedules of Reinforcement:
Fixed Interval
Continuous
Partial Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio → most
effective for steady & long-term change
* Don’t just depend on year-end
bonus
* Time rewards to follow
immediately after performance
17. Harris can…
1. Set the right expectations (behaviours, performance goals, and rewards).
2. Understand the different needs of his staff and provide rewards that satisfy those
needs or are valued by your staff.
3. Focus on the motivators to encourage staff to perform better – provide growth
opportunity, recognition, etc. Be creative in coming up with motivators.
4. Set goals, together with his staff, that are attainable if the staff puts in the effort
and ensure that the link between performance and rewards is clear.
5. Be equitable - fair compared to other companies selling OEM computer parts, &
between high performers and mediocre performers within his company (e.g. top
salesman vs purchaser who just reissues purchase contracts without review).
6. Time rewards to follow immediately after performance but use a variable ratio
schedule.
7. Differentiate rewards between high performers, mediocre performers, and poor
performers, so that high performers are rewarded and those who aren’t are
punished or at least not rewarded.
8. Make sure that the motivators and processes he put in place to motivate his staff
are aligned and do not work against one another.
18. Conclusion
Rewards and punishments are used to motivate staff but their
effectiveness varies. The motivation theories explain why some
are motivated while others are not.
Using the theories, Harris can:
•structure his rewards based on the needs of the staff.
•ensure all elements that influence how the staff view the
rewards have been considered in structuring the rewards.
•reinforce the right behaviours of the staff.
20. Expectancy Theory
Outcome /
Effort Performance
Reward
E to P Expectancy
(Expectancy)
belief that effort will
influence performance
Positively
• Expectancy (E to P Expectancy) is the belief that increased effort will lead to
increased performance i.e. if I work harder then this will be better. <For e.g., If I
study an extra hour every day, I will improve my exam score by 1 grade.> This
is affected by such things as:
– Having the right resources available (e.g. raw materials, time)
– Having the right skills to do the job
– Having the necessary support to get the job done (e.g. supervisor support,
or correct information on the job)
21. Expectancy Theory
Outcome /
Effort Performance
Reward
P to O Expectancy
(Instrumentality)
likelihood of being rewarded
for performance
• Instrumentality (P to O Expectancy) is the belief that if you perform well that
a valued outcome will be received i.e. if I do a good job, there is something in it
for me. This is affected by such things as:
– Clear understanding of the relationship between performance and
outcomes – e.g. the rules of the reward ‘game’
– Trust in the people who will take the decisions on who gets what outcome
– Transparency of the process that decides who gets what outcome
22. Expectancy Theory
Outcome /
Effort Performance
Reward
Valence
preference for
Reward
• Valence (Outcome) is the importance that the individual places upon the
expected outcome. For example, if I am mainly motivated by money, I might
not value offers of additional time off.
23. Expectancy Theory
Outcome /
Effort Performance
Reward
E to P Expectancy (Expectancy)
P to O Expectancy (Instrumentality) Valence
belief that effort will
likelihood of being rewarded preference for
influence performance
for performance Reward
Positively
• Individuals change their level of effort according to the value they place on the
outcomes they receive from the process and on their perception of the strength
of the links between effort and outcome.
• So, if I perceive that any one of these is true:
– My increased effort will not increase my performance;
– My increased performance will not increase my rewards; or
– I don’t value the rewards on offer
...then Expectancy theory suggests that I will not be motivated.
• This means that even if an organisation achieves two out of three, that
employees would still not be motivated; all three are required for positive
motivation. Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence must be high
to motivate staff to work towards the reward.
24. Goal Setting Theory
• Goal setting theory assumes behavior results from a person’s
conscious goals and intentions.
• Goal setting is motivating if the goals are Specific, Measureable,
Attainable, Realistic and Time Bound.
• Research suggests that specific challenging goals have been shown
to lead to high performance only if people accept and are committed
to the goal.
• The resulting goal-directed effort turns into performance when the
individual has the abilities to do the job and there are sufficient
resources and support from the organisation.
• The satisfaction that the individual gets is based on his performance
as well as his level of abilities (how hard he had to try) and his
satisfaction with the support from the organisation.
• His satisfaction can be from intrinsic or extrinsic rewards.
25. Goal Setting Theory
• In order to generate high performance,
1. Goals should be specific, rather than vague.
2. Feedback should be provided (especially workers giving feedback
on their own outputs).
3. The individuals should be committed to the goals.
4. The individuals should believe in their own ability to accomplish the
goals.
26. Operant Conditioning
• Schedules of Reinforcement:
Fixed Interval
Partial
Continuous
Variable
Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable
Ratio
• Continuous reinforcement means that the behavior is followed by a
consequence each time it occurs.
• Intermittent schedules are based either on the passage of time (interval
schedules) or the number of correct responses emitted (ratio schedules).
27. Operant Conditioning
• The consequence can be delivered
based on the same amount of
passage of time or the same
number of correct responses
(fixed) or it could be based on a
slightly different amount of
time or number of correct
responses that vary around a
particular number (variable).
Interval - refers to time period • This results in an four classes of
Ratio refers to no. of correct responses intermittent schedules.
Note: Continuous reinforcement is actually a specific example of a fixed ratio
schedule with only one response emitted before a consequence occurs.
28. Operant Conditioning
• Fixed interval -- the first correct response after a
set amount of time has passed is reinforced. The
time period required is always the same.
• Variable interval -- the first correct response
after a set amount of time has passed is reinforced.
After the reinforcement, a new time period (shorter
or longer) is set with the average equaling a
specific number over a sum total of trials
• Fixed ratio -- a reinforcer is given after a specified
Interval - refers to time period number of correct responses. This schedule is best
Ratio refers to no. of correct responses
for learning a new behavior
Note: Continuous reinforcement is
• Variable ratio -- a reinforcer is given after a set
actually a specific example of a
number of correct responses. After reinforcement
fixed ratio schedule with only one
the number of correct responses necessary for
response emitted before a
reinforcement changes. This schedule is best for
consequence occurs.
maintaining behavior.
29. References
Textbooks
1. McShane S. L. and Von Glinow M. A. (2009) Organizational Behavior: Essentials, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
2. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (2001) Organizational Behaviour: An introductory text, 4th ed. Essex: Financial
Times/Prentice Hall.
3. Ivancevich, J. M. and Matteson, M. R. (2002) Organizational Behaviour and Management, 6th ed. McGraw-Hill.
4. Miner, J. B. (2005) Organizational Behavior I: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
5. Newstrom, J. W. (2007) Organizational Behavior: Human behaviour at work, 12th ed. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
6. Robbins, S. P. (2001) Organizational Behavior, 9th ed. Prentice-Hall International.
Websites
1. Adams’ Equity Theory. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.
2. Employee Motivation. Theory and Practice. http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/ Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.
3. Expectancy Theory of Motivation. http://www.arrod.co.uk/archive/concept_vroom.php. Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.
4. Motivation & Employee Productivity. www.cobracm.org/Quality/Fordham/Motivation%20&%20Advanced%20Motivation.ppt .
Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.
5. Psychology 101. Chapter 4: Learning Theory and Behavioural Psychology. http://allpsych.com/psychology101/reinforcement.html.
Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.
6. The 2 Factor Hygiene and Motivation Theory. http://accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_05_herzberg.html. Retrieved on 12 Apr
2010.
7. Two-Factor Theory. http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.html. Retrieved on 12 Apr
2010.
8. David McClelland’s Motivational Needs Theory. http://www.businessballs.com/davidmcclelland.htm. Retrieved on 12 Apr 2010.