Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies organisms into a hierarchical system of groups based on similarities. There are three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Within Eukarya are kingdoms including Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. Taxonomy groups species into increasingly specific taxonomic ranks like domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name for a species includes its genus and specific epithet.

1. TAXONOMY
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for
Biology
Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

2. Grouping Species: The Basic
Idea
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and
classifies species into groups of increasing breadth.
Domains, followed by kingdoms, are the broadest
units of classification.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

3. • In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus published a system
of taxonomy based on resemblances.
• The two-part scientific name: Genus species.
• The first letter of the genus is capitalized, and the entire
species name is italicized
Ej: Panthera pardus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

4. Hierarchical Classification
• Linnaeus introduced a system for grouping species in
increasingly broad categories.
• The taxonomic groups from broad to narrow are domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and
species.
I always remember the order using: Kings Play Chess On Fat
Guys' Stomachs. The first letter of each word corresponds
to the first letter of each level of organization, making it
easy to remember
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

5. Taxonomy:
Hierarchical
Organization:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Species:
Panthera
pardus
Genus: Panthera
Family: Felidae
Order: Carnivora
Class: Mammalia
Phylum: Chordata
Kingdom: Animalia
Bacteria Domain: Eukarya Archaea

6. Fig. 1-14
Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Ursus americanus
(American black bear)
Ursus
Ursidae
Carnivora
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya

7. Three Domain System
Land plants
Cellular slime moldsAmoebas
Fungi
EUKARYA
Euglena
Trypanosomes
Green algae
Forams
Red algae
Dinoflagellates
Ciliates
Diatoms
Animals
Leishmania
Green nonsulfur bacteria
Sulfolobus
Thermophiles
Halophiles
Methanobacterium
ARCHAEA
COMMON
ANCESTOR
OF ALL
LIFE
(Mitochondrion)
Spirochetes
Chlamydia
BACTERIA
Green
sulfur bacteria
Cyanobacteria
(Plastids, including
chloroplasts)

8. Fig. 1-15
(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA
(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA
(c) DOMAIN EUKARYA
Protists
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae
Procaryotic
cells
Eucaryotic
cells
Kingdom Animalia

9. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having
– No nucleus
– DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
– No membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

10. Fig. 6-6
Fimbriae
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Flagella
Bacterial
chromosome
(a) A typical
rod-shaped
bacterium
0.5 μm
(b) A thin section
through the
bacterium
Bacillus
coagulans (TEM)
PROCARYOTIC CELL

11. • Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having
– DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
– Membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma
membrane and nucleus
Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than
prokaryotic cells
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

12. EUCARYOTIC CELL

13. • Domain Bacteria are what you generally think
of when you think of bacteria - such as E. coli
and salmonella. The prefix 'eu' means 'true,' so
these are true bacteria.

14. Fig. 1-15a
(a) DOMAIN BACTERIA

15. • Domain Archaebacteria are known as ancient
bacteria. The prefix 'archae' means 'ancient,'
making this one easy to remember. They are
prokaryotic and unicellular.

16. Fig. 1-15b
(b) DOMAIN ARCHAEA

17. • Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotic
organisms.
• The domain Eukarya includes three
multicellular kingdoms:
– Plantae
– Fungi
– Animalia

18. • Other eukaryotic organisms were formerly
grouped into a kingdom called Protista, though
these are now often grouped into many
separate kingdoms
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

19. Fig. 1-15c
Protists
(c) DOMAIN EUKARYA
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

20. Fig. 1-15d
Protists

21. Fig. 1-15e
Kingdom Fungi

22. Fig. 1-15f
Kingdom Plantae

23. Fig. 1-15g
Kingdom Animalia

24. ACTIVITY IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
• Describe in your own words the concept of
taxonomy.
• Describe hierarchical organization in
Taxonomy.
• Name the three principal domains in nature,
and give an example of each of them.
• Name the three kingdoms that belong to the
Eucarya domain.
• Explain the differences between the Eucaryotic
cell and prokaryotic cell.