The document discusses taxonomy, the study of classifying and naming organisms. It does this to bring order to Earth's tremendous biodiversity. Classification is currently based on structural and chemical similarities like DNA that show how closely related organisms are. The taxonomic hierarchy consists of domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. Binomial nomenclature uses a two-word scientific name, with the genus coming first followed by the specific epithet, to uniquely identify each species.

1. HOW & WHY WE
CLASSIFY

2. What is TAXONOMY?

3. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms

4. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms
 Why do we do it?

5. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms
 Why do we do it?
 Brings order to tremendous biodiversity on Earth

6. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms
 Why do we do it?
 Brings order to tremendous biodiversity on Earth
 How do we do it?

7. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms
 Why do we do it?
 Brings order to tremendous biodiversity on Earth
 How do we do it?
 Currently based on structural & chemical (e.g. DNA)
similarities that show how closely related organisms
are

8. What is TAXONOMY?
 Study of classifying & naming organisms
 Why do we do it?
 Brings order to tremendous biodiversity on Earth
 How do we do it?
 Currently based on structural & chemical (e.g. DNA)
similarities that show how closely related organisms
are
 An ever-changing field!

9. What is a PHYLOGENETIC TREE or
CLADOGRAM?

10. What is a PHYLOGENETIC TREE or
CLADOGRAM?

11. What is a PHYLOGENETIC TREE or
CLADOGRAM?
 Reflects hypotheses about evolutionary
relationships & common ancestry based on
similar structures, DNA, etc.

12. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

13. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

14. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

15. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

16. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
 CLASS
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

17. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
 CLASS
Mammalia
 ORDER
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

18. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
 CLASS
Mammalia
 ORDER
Primates
 FAMILY
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

19. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
 CLASS
Mammalia
 ORDER
Primates
 FAMILY
 GENUS Hominidae
Homo
sapiens

20. What is the order of the groups in
the taxonomic hierarchy?
 DOMAIN Eukarya
 KINGDOM Animalia
 PHYLUM
Chordata
 CLASS
Mammalia
 ORDER
Primates
 FAMILY
 GENUS Hominidae
 SPECIES Homo
sapiens

22. Which are most closely related?

23. Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

24. What are the 3 DOMAINS?

25. Archaea

26. Prokaryotes-no cell nucleus
Similar to Bacteria but have
different evolutionary
history
Single celled species

27. Bacteria

28. Single Celled organisms
Can live in multiple habitats
all over earth
Form much of the earths
biomass (five nonillion 5 X
10^30)
Prokaryotes

29. Eukarya
Everything Else

30. Eukaryotes -having a true
nucleus-organisms with
complex structures and
enclosed with membranes
Multicellular (most)
Encompasses all organisms
expect bacteria and
archaebacteria

31. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

32. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P
Archaea
Eukarya

33. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P
Archaea P
Eukarya

34. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P
Archaea P
Eukarya E

35. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
Archaea P
Eukarya E

36. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
Archaea P 1
Eukarya E

37. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
Archaea P 1
Eukarya E usually
many

38. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
less DNA , smaller
ribosomes
Archaea P 1
Eukarya E usually
many

39. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
less DNA , smaller
ribosomes
more DNA, larger
Archaea P 1 ribosomes, tolerate
extreme environments
Eukarya E usually
many

40. What are the 3 DOMAINS?
DOMAIN Prokaryote Unicellular Other?
or or
eukaryote? multicellular
?
Bacteria P 1
less DNA , smaller
ribosomes
more DNA, larger
Archaea P 1 ribosomes, tolerate
extreme environments
Eukarya E usually more DNA, larger
many ribosomes

41. MAKE A VENN DIAGRAM IN YOUR
NOTES TO SHOW MAJOR
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE
THREE DOMAINS

42. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?

43. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism

44. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?

45. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?
 Genus species

46. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?
 Genus species
 Ex.: Homo sapiens

47. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?
 Genus species
 Ex.: Homo sapiens
 Why is name 2 words?

48. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?
 Genus species
 Ex.: Homo sapiens
 Why is name 2 words?

49. What is BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE?
 Used to create 2-word scientific name for an
organism
 Why in Latin?
 Genus species
 Ex.: Homo sapiens
 Why is name 2 words?
 Use Greek and Latin words given to decipher
Dinosaur names!!!!