The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS), detailing its components, working principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Managed by the U.S. Air Force, GPS utilizes a constellation of satellites to provide precise location and time information. Despite certain limitations, GPS is highlighted as an advanced and essential navigation system with diverse applications in various sectors.

1. Presented by:
Himanshu Agrawal

2. •Contents
Introduction
What is GPS?
Components of GPS
Working Principle
Functioning of GPS
General Applications and Devices
Latest Innovations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Bibliography

3. •Introduction
The current system is managed by the U.S
Air Force for the Department of Defense
(DOD).
The current system became fully
operational June 26, 1993 when the 24th
satellite was lunched.
A minimum of four GPS satellite signals are
required to compute positions in three
dimensions and the time offset in the
receiver clock.

5. •What is GPS?
Global Positioning System
Space-based satellite navigation system
Provides location and time information
In all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth
Used to refer locations and help if you are
lost.
Secure cars, track your vehicles
By sending SMS, making a missed call,
preset interval or GPS tracking software for
real time online tracking

6. •Components of GPS
3 segments:
Space segment
Control segment
User segment

8. Space segment-Information
The GPS uses a constellation of 24
satellites that orbit the earth at about
11,000 nautical miles, once every 12
hours.
The orbital position is constantly
monitored and updated by the ground
stations.
Each satellite is identified by number
and broadcasts a unique signal.

9. Space segment cont.
Each satellite has 6 orbits.
3 satellites works for GPS, 4th satellite
work for accuracy.
3 satellites for 2d fix.
Satellite orbital distance 20,000km.
Orbital speed is 14,000km/hr
60 degrees apart and 55 degrees
with respect to equatorial plane.
Use measurement of 4 satellites

11. Space segment-Satellite
signals
Uses two types of signals to calculate
distance
Code phase ranging
Carrier phase ranging

13. •Control Segment
The ground segment of GPS(US) has one master
control, one alternative master control station, 12
command and control antennas and 16 monitoring
sites.

14. •User Segment
Consists of GPS receiver.
The receiver collects and processes
signals from the GPS satellites.
Use that information to determine and
display the location, speed, time and so
on.
The accuracy and reliability is enhanced
as the number of visible satellites
increases.

15. •Working of GPS
Consist of two main components
Receiver
Location

16. Receiver
The receiver collects satellite signals,
decodes and processes them.
The basic receiver does not include a
transmitter.
Different levels of precision are
available.
The receiver determines its location by
trilateration.

17. GPS Trilateration
Knowing its distance from
three satellites, the receiver
can determine its location
because there is only
two possible combinations
and one of them is out in space.
In this example, the
receiver is located at b.
The more satellite that are used,
the greater the potential
accuracy of the position location.

18. Location
Once the GPS receiver has located its
position it is usually displayed in one of
two common formats:
Latitude and longitude
Universal transverse Mercator (UTM).

19. Latitude and Longitude
Latitudes and longitudes are angles.
Both use the center of the earth as
the vertex, but they use a different
zero reference.

20. UTM Zones
The world is divided into 60 zones of
latitude, each 6⁰ wide at the equator, that
extend from 84⁰ N to 80⁰ s.
These zones begin at 180⁰ longitude and
are numbered consecutively eastward.

21. Dilution for Precision(DOP)
The more spread out the satellites are in the
sky, the better the satellite geometry.
PDOP (position dilution of precision) is a
combination of VDOP and HDOP.
The lower the PDOP value, the better the
geometric strength.

22. Functioning of GPS

23. •General application
Banking
mobile phone operations
Auto toll GPS service
GPS watch
Google Map
Navigation

24. Vehicle History Tracking or
“Bread Crumbing”
Captures and stores a detailed GPS
history of vehicle travel information.
Gain visibility into field operations for
greater control .
Identify unproductive time in the field to
increase overall productivity.
No need for wireless airtime to transmit
data.

25. Route Guidance
Reduce unnecessary mileage and fuel
costs by providing accurate driving
directions.
Improve on time performance as drivers
are less likely to get “lost” or follow
inefficient routes.
Reduce vehicle engine idling time as
driver lookup customer locations on
maps.

26. Real Time Tracking
Improved management of dispatch and
fleet activities.
Increased daily efficiency, productivity
and accountability.
Added security for vehicles.

27. •Devices used in GPS

28. For Defence purposes

29. Road map devices

30. GPS on Mobile phones

31. Bicycle GPS devices

32. GPS equipped devices used for
Engineering purposes

33. Use of GPS for Sports
purposes

34. •Advantages of GPS
Easy to navigate
Search nearby area
Weather information
Tracking
Updated regularly

35. Easy to Navigate
Determine exactly
where you are at
any given moment.
Give you the exact
latitude and
longitude

36. Search nearby area

37. Weather Information
Determine the
atmosphere’s water content
to improving the accuracy
of weather forecasts

38. Tracking

39. •Disadvantages and Limitations
Need good care and handling
Need external power
Inaccuracy
Potential failures
Privacy concerns
Geometry of satellite position
Satellite clock errors
SV position

40. Inaccuracy
Obstacles like buildings
and trees can deflect the
signal

41. Inaccuracy

42. •Conclusion
GPS is very useful during adventures.
GPS devices are perfect for water navigation.
Though it has some limitation, it does not
considered as a big error.
Because these errors are only nano errors.
GPS is the most advanced, accurate,
commercially available and multi-use satellite
navigation system that has ever been existed.
In military application it is the only system relied
upon in providing data to very expensive guided
weapons.

43. Refrences
http://www.kowama.de/en/gps
http://www.aero.org/education/primers/g
ps/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positi
oning_System
Google

44. References (Photos)
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www.pcworld.com
www.realsimple.com
www.bike-advisor.com
www.gorge.net.au
www.stratcom.mil
www.ircc.iitb.ac.in
www.dcrainmaker.com
www.bikebiz.com
www.cultofmac.com
openinvo.com
www.telegraph.co.uk
images.businessweek.com