It depicts the basic information about GPS technology and its various uses in engineering and other fields. May be useful for students of engineering and for presentation.
This presentation give you a full Introduction about Global Positioning System(GPS).
The following topics are include in this presentation.
History of the GPS
Basic Introduction
How GPS work
Characteristics of GPS
Segments of GPS
-Space Segment
-Control Segment
-User Segment
-GPS Receiver
GPS MAPS
-Raster Maps
-Vector Maps
-Android maps
Applications
-Location
-Tracking
-Timing
-Mapping
-Survey
-Aviation
Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction -Remote means – far away ; Sensing means – believing or observing or acquiring some information.
Remote sensing means acquiring information of things from a distance with sensors. (without touching the things)
Sensors are like simple cameras except that they not only use visible light but also other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum such as infrared, microwaves and ultraviolet regions.
Distance of Remote Sensing, Definition of remote sensing - Remote Sensing is:
“The art and science of obtaining information about an object without being in direct contact with the object” (Jensen 2000).
India’s National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) defined as : “Remote sensing is the technique of deriving information about objects on the surface of the earth without physically coming into contact with them.”
Remote Sensing Process, - (A) Energy Source or Illumination.
(B) Radiation and the Atmosphere.
(C) Interaction with the Target.
(D) Recording of Energy by the Sensor.
(E) Transmission, Reception, & Processing.
(F) Interpretation and Analysis.
(G) Application.
Remote sensing platforms , History of Remote Sensing, Applications of remote sensing - In Agriculture, In Geology, Applications of National Priority.
This presentation is about GPS... what is it?why GPS? , how it works? and the applications of GPS. By Mostafa Hussien
facebook profile: http://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Twitter @MSTFAHSIN
Tumblr mostafahussien.tumblr.com
This presentation give you a full Introduction about Global Positioning System(GPS).
The following topics are include in this presentation.
History of the GPS
Basic Introduction
How GPS work
Characteristics of GPS
Segments of GPS
-Space Segment
-Control Segment
-User Segment
-GPS Receiver
GPS MAPS
-Raster Maps
-Vector Maps
-Android maps
Applications
-Location
-Tracking
-Timing
-Mapping
-Survey
-Aviation
Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction -Remote means – far away ; Sensing means – believing or observing or acquiring some information.
Remote sensing means acquiring information of things from a distance with sensors. (without touching the things)
Sensors are like simple cameras except that they not only use visible light but also other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum such as infrared, microwaves and ultraviolet regions.
Distance of Remote Sensing, Definition of remote sensing - Remote Sensing is:
“The art and science of obtaining information about an object without being in direct contact with the object” (Jensen 2000).
India’s National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) defined as : “Remote sensing is the technique of deriving information about objects on the surface of the earth without physically coming into contact with them.”
Remote Sensing Process, - (A) Energy Source or Illumination.
(B) Radiation and the Atmosphere.
(C) Interaction with the Target.
(D) Recording of Energy by the Sensor.
(E) Transmission, Reception, & Processing.
(F) Interpretation and Analysis.
(G) Application.
Remote sensing platforms , History of Remote Sensing, Applications of remote sensing - In Agriculture, In Geology, Applications of National Priority.
This presentation is about GPS... what is it?why GPS? , how it works? and the applications of GPS. By Mostafa Hussien
facebook profile: http://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Twitter @MSTFAHSIN
Tumblr mostafahussien.tumblr.com
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTORRaster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
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Re igkrkg
U
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Rieogkskkfkfkeokdkdlwd
Feor. Eit eir r rid tnekt rb r r eir jekfkvkvind djcjejd bdicjebskjdbd skocck neb dkckcjcjjebd. Ksjsbd ekebenks d dndke. D dkdmm
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS,[1][2] is a space-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
2. •Contents
Introduction
What is GPS?
Components of GPS
Working Principle
Functioning of GPS
General Applications and Devices
Latest Innovations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Bibliography
3. •Introduction
The current system is managed by the U.S
Air Force for the Department of Defense
(DOD).
The current system became fully
operational June 26, 1993 when the 24th
satellite was lunched.
A minimum of four GPS satellite signals are
required to compute positions in three
dimensions and the time offset in the
receiver clock.
4.
5. •What is GPS?
Global Positioning System
Space-based satellite navigation system
Provides location and time information
In all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth
Used to refer locations and help if you are
lost.
Secure cars, track your vehicles
By sending SMS, making a missed call,
preset interval or GPS tracking software for
real time online tracking
6. •Components of GPS
3 segments:
Space segment
Control segment
User segment
7.
8. Space segment-Information
The GPS uses a constellation of 24
satellites that orbit the earth at about
11,000 nautical miles, once every 12
hours.
The orbital position is constantly
monitored and updated by the ground
stations.
Each satellite is identified by number
and broadcasts a unique signal.
9. Space segment cont.
Each satellite has 6 orbits.
3 satellites works for GPS, 4th satellite
work for accuracy.
3 satellites for 2d fix.
Satellite orbital distance 20,000km.
Orbital speed is 14,000km/hr
60 degrees apart and 55 degrees
with respect to equatorial plane.
Use measurement of 4 satellites
13. •Control Segment
The ground segment of GPS(US) has one master
control, one alternative master control station, 12
command and control antennas and 16 monitoring
sites.
14. •User Segment
Consists of GPS receiver.
The receiver collects and processes
signals from the GPS satellites.
Use that information to determine and
display the location, speed, time and so
on.
The accuracy and reliability is enhanced
as the number of visible satellites
increases.
15. •Working of GPS
Consist of two main components
Receiver
Location
16. Receiver
The receiver collects satellite signals,
decodes and processes them.
The basic receiver does not include a
transmitter.
Different levels of precision are
available.
The receiver determines its location by
trilateration.
17. GPS Trilateration
Knowing its distance from
three satellites, the receiver
can determine its location
because there is only
two possible combinations
and one of them is out in space.
In this example, the
receiver is located at b.
The more satellite that are used,
the greater the potential
accuracy of the position location.
18. Location
Once the GPS receiver has located its
position it is usually displayed in one of
two common formats:
Latitude and longitude
Universal transverse Mercator (UTM).
19. Latitude and Longitude
Latitudes and longitudes are angles.
Both use the center of the earth as
the vertex, but they use a different
zero reference.
20. UTM Zones
The world is divided into 60 zones of
latitude, each 6⁰ wide at the equator, that
extend from 84⁰ N to 80⁰ s.
These zones begin at 180⁰ longitude and
are numbered consecutively eastward.
21. Dilution for Precision(DOP)
The more spread out the satellites are in the
sky, the better the satellite geometry.
PDOP (position dilution of precision) is a
combination of VDOP and HDOP.
The lower the PDOP value, the better the
geometric strength.
24. Vehicle History Tracking or
“Bread Crumbing”
Captures and stores a detailed GPS
history of vehicle travel information.
Gain visibility into field operations for
greater control .
Identify unproductive time in the field to
increase overall productivity.
No need for wireless airtime to transmit
data.
25. Route Guidance
Reduce unnecessary mileage and fuel
costs by providing accurate driving
directions.
Improve on time performance as drivers
are less likely to get “lost” or follow
inefficient routes.
Reduce vehicle engine idling time as
driver lookup customer locations on
maps.
26. Real Time Tracking
Improved management of dispatch and
fleet activities.
Increased daily efficiency, productivity
and accountability.
Added security for vehicles.
39. •Disadvantages and Limitations
Need good care and handling
Need external power
Inaccuracy
Potential failures
Privacy concerns
Geometry of satellite position
Satellite clock errors
SV position
42. •Conclusion
GPS is very useful during adventures.
GPS devices are perfect for water navigation.
Though it has some limitation, it does not
considered as a big error.
Because these errors are only nano errors.
GPS is the most advanced, accurate,
commercially available and multi-use satellite
navigation system that has ever been existed.
In military application it is the only system relied
upon in providing data to very expensive guided
weapons.