Genu Valgum
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This patient is a 6-year-old boy presenting with bilateral genu valgum deformity of the knees. He has a history of vitamin D deficiency as a child. On examination, he walks with adduction of the knees such that his knees touch. Range of motion of the knees is normal. Imaging shows bilateral genu valgum deformity. Given the patient's young age and remaining growth potential, the treatment plan is to perform guided growth modulation using figure of 8 plates on both knees. This is the standard treatment for skeletally immature patients to gradually correct the deformity over time as the patient grows.
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This document summarizes the key points about congenital vertical talus (CVT). It begins with an overview of the objectives and anatomy. It then discusses the etiology, pathoanatomy, clinical presentation, classification systems, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and various treatment modalities for CVT, including serial casting, single-stage and two-stage surgical corrections, and Dobbs' minimally invasive technique using serial casting and percutaneous fixation. The goal of treatment is to restore the normal anatomical relationship through manipulation and casting when young, and more invasive surgery if correction is not achieved or for older children with stiffer deformities.
Assessment and special tests of Hip joint
This document provides an overview of the assessment and special tests used to evaluate the hip joint. It discusses collecting demographic data, medical history, and performing an examination including observation, palpation, range of motion testing, and special tests like the Patrick test and hip scour test. The goal of the assessment is to evaluate the hip for conditions like arthritis, fractures, muscle injuries, and neurological disorders.
Genu Valgum.pptx
A 24-year-old female presented with bilateral genu vulgum (knock knees), more pronounced on the right side at 25 degrees, likely due to a metabolic issue. Genu vulgum is an abnormal angular deformity of the lower limbs where the legs are shifted outward from the midline. Treatment depends on the patient's age, magnitude of deformity, location of deformity, and underlying cause. For younger patients or less severe cases, conservative treatment may be sufficient, while older patients or more severe cases may require corrective osteotomy surgery.
Flatfoot in Indian population.docx
This document summarizes a study comparing the outcomes of different conservative treatments for flatfoot in an Indian population. 150 symptomatic flatfoot patients and 50 controls without flatfoot were evaluated. Patients were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: foot exercises, use of elongated heel/arch support, use of Rose Schwartz insoles, or a combination of exercises and footwear modifications. The combination approach achieved the best outcomes in terms of pain relief, gait improvement, and decreases in the foot print index and valgus index, suggesting it is the most effective conservative treatment for flatfoot.
Flatfoot in Indian population.docx
This document summarizes a study comparing the outcomes of different conservative treatments for flatfoot in an Indian population. 150 symptomatic flatfoot patients and 50 controls without flatfoot were evaluated. Patients were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: foot exercises, use of elongated heel/arch support, use of Rose Schwartz insoles, or a combination of exercises and footwear modifications. The combination approach achieved the best outcomes in terms of pain relief, gait improvement, and decreases in the foot print index and valgus index, suggesting it is the most effective conservative treatment for flatfoot.
AZK(HOORISH BALOACH)
Physiologic genu varum is normal in infants and young children under 2 years old, as the tight medial capsules from the fetal position gradually stretch out with growth. Bowing becomes most pronounced around 1-2 years when walking begins. The deformity typically improves spontaneously without treatment by age 2-3 years. Pathologic genu varum can be caused by conditions like rickets, Blount's disease, or bone dysplasias. It may require bracing, stretching, or surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause. A thorough history and physical exam including leg alignment, growth, and family history helps determine if the bowing is physiologic or pathological and guides appropriate treatment.
Anterior knee pain
This document provides an overview of patellofemoral pain syndrome. It defines the syndrome and discusses relevant anatomy, biomechanics, causes, clinical evaluation, imaging, and treatment options. Regarding treatment, non-operative options including rehabilitation are usually successful for 90% of cases. Surgical techniques are reserved for the remaining 10% and include arthroscopic procedures such as debridement and lateral release as well as bony procedures like tibial tubercle transfer to address malalignment issues.
Hip osteotomy
This document provides an overview of hip osteotomies and femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). It discusses various types of osteotomies used to treat conditions like developmental dysplasia of the hip, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and avascular necrosis. Key points include that pelvic osteotomies are best for primary acetabular dysplasia, while femoral and combined procedures are often needed in older children. The document also outlines common radiographic findings associated with pincer and cam FAI, including pistol grip deformity, acetabular retroversion, and decreased femoral head-neck offset. Risk factors and typical patient presentations are also summarized.
MCE 2016, semester ii, foot deformities, Benha University Orthopaedic Depart...
The document discusses proper etiquette and manners as outlined in Islamic teachings, emphasizing the importance of being kind to others, fulfilling obligations, and avoiding harmful or sinful acts that could corrupt society. It encourages believers to uphold moral virtues like honesty, generosity, and humility in all their dealings with fellow humans. Overall, the passage promotes living according to Islamic principles of compassion, justice, and social responsibility.
Genu varum semi
(1) Genu varum, or bowlegs, is physiologically normal in infants and toddlers as they begin to walk. It typically resolves on its own by age 2-3 years.
(2) Pathological genu varum can be caused by conditions like Blount's disease, rickets, or bone dysplasias. It may involve a sharp angulation below the knee and not improve or get worse with growth.
(3) Evaluation of bowlegs includes a thorough history and physical exam assessing for limb length discrepancy, gait abnormalities, and radiographs to identify the site and characteristics of deformity. Differentiating physiological from pathological bowing guides treatment.
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Physiotherapy Management of anterior knee pain.pptx
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NPWTi-d-
NPWTi-d provides negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time to manage trauma and orthopaedic wounds. It uses topical solutions to clean wounds, remove debris, and locally deliver drugs. Studies show NPWTi-d increases wound closure and granulation rates, reduces hospital stays and costs. However, it does not replace surgery or treat certain wound types. Overall, NPWTi-d facilitates wound healing by creating an optimal environment through negative pressure, irrigation, and local drug delivery.
Radial nerve tendon
This document summarizes tendon transfer techniques for treating radial nerve palsy. Radial nerve palsy can result from injuries to the nerve in the axilla, shoulder, radial groove, or elbow. Tendon transfers are considered when nerve recovery fails or the nerve is irreparable. The goals are restoring finger, thumb, and wrist extension. Common techniques transfer the palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons to restore function. Post-operative casting and rehabilitation focuses on protecting the transfers while regaining range of motion and strength.
OSCE ortho
An adult male presented with a distal femur closed fracture 6 hours after injury. The preoperative plan would include classifying the fracture and outlining the postoperative protocol, which typically involves osteosynthesis followed by rehabilitation.
The document discusses various orthopedic cases and procedures, including different types of fractures, surgical techniques, rehabilitation protocols, and contributions of important historical figures in orthopedics.
Journal club on Surgical Management of the Problematic hip in adolescent and ...
Journal club on Surgical Management of the Problematic hip in adolescent and ...All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal
- The document discusses surgical management techniques for problematic hip conditions in adolescent and young adult patients. These include femoro-acetabular impingement, hip instability, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and advanced osteoarthritis.
- Joint preserving techniques aim to restore stability without creating impingement, such as periacetabular osteotomy or proximal femoral osteotomy. Surgical dislocation allows for femoral head osteochondroplasty.
- The goal is to address underlying structural abnormalities, correct deformities, and reduce pathological stresses in order to relieve symptoms and improve function while avoiding complications like osteonecrosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent permanent articularJC on Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.pptx
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome involves compression or traction of the ulnar nerve around the elbow, causing loss of sensation and muscle weakness in the hand. Non-surgical treatments include splinting and avoiding aggravating activities, which help in mild cases. Surgical treatment may be needed if symptoms are constant or worsening, and includes simple nerve decompression or transposition of the nerve. Recurrence rates after surgery can be as high as 19%, so prevention of iatrogenic nerve damage during surgery is important. Studies have found similar outcomes for nerve function recovery with decompression versus transposition procedures.
Journal club ACL PCL.pptx
The document summarizes findings from an imaging journal club discussion on MRI findings related to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), both with and without tears and after reconstruction. Key points discussed include MRI signs of ACL and PCL tears like avulsion fractures and fiber disruption, evaluation of graft incorporation and healing after reconstruction, and assessment of tunnel placement and enlargement.
Fat Embolism
Fat embolism occurs when fat enters the bloodstream from broken bones or other injuries. It can disrupt circulation in the lungs, brain, and skin. Symptoms appear within 1-3 days and include respiratory distress, neurological changes, and a rash. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria involving these organ systems. Treatment focuses on supportive care like oxygen supplementation, ventilation if needed, and managing complications. Outcomes have improved but risks of ARDS and cerebral edema remain.
JC on CALCANEUM FRACTURE
1) The document discusses calcaneal fractures, which are the most common tarsal bone fractures, usually caused by an axial load.
2) CT scans and X-rays are used to classify the fractures based on the Sanders and Essex-Lopresti classifications, which identify involvement of the posterior facet joint.
3) Treatment depends on the classification and displacement. Non-operative treatment is used for non-displaced fractures while operative treatment with open reduction and internal fixation is used for displaced intra-articular fractures to restore the anatomy.
unstable trochanteric fracture
This document discusses unstable trochanteric hip fractures, factors that contribute to instability, and strategies to avoid pitfalls in treatment. It reviews literature on techniques such as the Evans method of restoring posteromedial cortical continuity and use of cephalomedullary nails to prevent fracture collapse. Unstable fracture patterns like reverse oblique fractures require special attention. Pre-operative planning using 3D CT is important to identify features like lateral wall thickness and posterior wall fractures. Intramedullary devices are generally better than extramedullary fixation like DHS for addressing unstable trochanteric fractures.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery presentation.pptx
This document provides an overview of plastic and reconstructive surgery techniques. It discusses various types of grafts and flaps used to manage soft tissue defects, including split thickness skin grafts, full thickness skin grafts, nerve grafts, tendon grafts, random flaps, axial flaps, pedicled flaps, and free flaps. Specific techniques are described for cross leg flaps, biceps femoris flaps, gastrocnemius flaps, soleus flaps, and peroneous brevis flaps to cover defects in the lower limbs. Key principles of plastic surgery like adequate debridement and minimal skin tension are also summarized.
TB SPINE.pptx
Tuberculosis of the spine, also known as Pott's disease, was first described in 1799. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which spreads hematogenously from a primary infection site to the spine. India has a high prevalence of spinal tuberculosis, accounting for around 1-3% of all TB cases. The disease most commonly affects the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine. Clinical features include back pain, stiffness, deformity, and neurological deficits in advanced cases. Diagnosis involves imaging like X-rays and MRI to identify vertebral body destruction, as well as tests to detect M. tuberculosis from biopsy or aspirate samples. Advanced disease can compress the spinal cord, potentially causing parapleg
Fat Embolism.pptx
Fat embolism occurs when fat droplets enter the bloodstream and block small blood vessels following trauma or surgery involving long bones. It can affect the lungs, brain, and skin. Symptoms appear within 1-3 days and include respiratory distress, confusion, rash, and retinal changes. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria involving these organ systems. Treatment is supportive with oxygen, ventilation if needed, and controlling cerebral swelling. Outcomes have improved but morbidity remains from respiratory failure or brain injury.
proximal humerus fracture fixation teaching
1. The functional outcomes of shoulder fracture surgery can be unpredictable due to the complex anatomy of the shoulder.
2. Key factors that guide the choice of treatment for proximal humeral fractures include patient characteristics and the nature of the fracture.
3. Rotator cuff tears in overhead athletes are often due to tensile overload and impingement, and may present as acute partial or complete tears.
Pelvis radiographs
A 48-year-old male was in a motorbike accident and suffered a pelvic fracture. He underwent surgery where the anterior column was fixed using a Matta plate after using traction pins and a Schanz screw to disimpact the femoral head. The posterior column was then fixed through a separate incision using a Matta plate and one third tubular plate, and skeletal traction was applied post-operatively.
JOURNAL CLUB ON FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES.pptx
This journal club discusses flexor tendon injuries and rehabilitation. Flexor tendon injuries occur frequently in the hand and restoration of finger function is challenging. The presentation reviews flexor tendon anatomy, zones of injury, surgical techniques for repair, and post-operative rehabilitation protocols focusing on early passive motion to minimize adhesions while allowing healing. Complications like rupture and contractures are discussed along with a case study example of "Jersey finger" injury. The key messages are that early repair, adherence to post-op rehabilitation, and preservation of the pulley system lead to the best functional outcomes.
Solution to Rotator Cuff Deficient Shoulder.ppt
This document discusses the principles of reverse shoulder replacement. It begins by describing the components of the rotator cuff. It then explains how rotator cuff tears can lead to instability and superior subluxation of the humeral head. The concept of the reverse shoulder replacement, developed by Professor Grammont, is introduced as a way to medialize the center of rotation and increase deltoid function to restore force balance. The document outlines the clinical assessment, surgical technique, rehabilitation, and results of the reverse shoulder replacement procedure.
Proximal tibia fracture
A 50-year-old male patient presented with a right proximal tibia fracture. He underwent spanning external fixation on March 28th and was discharged on March 30th but readmitted on April 10th. On April 11th he underwent the first stage of surgery which included open reduction and internal fixation of the right proximal tibia fracture under C-arm guidance.
Bone tumors.pptx
- Bone tumors can be benign, intermediate, or malignant. Location, size, margins, and other radiographic features help determine tumor type and appropriate treatment.
- Evaluation involves history, exam, imaging like x-rays, and biopsy. Staging evaluates spread and guides prognosis and treatment planning.
- Treatment depends on tumor type but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The goal is complete resection while preserving limb function through techniques like endoprosthetic replacement.
Scrubbing and Gowning
Surgical scrubbing and gowning is done to reduce bacteria on hands and forearms to a safe level before surgery. The document outlines the scrubbing process which involves removing jewelry, trimming nails, and washing hands and forearms with antimicrobial soap. It describes scrubbing in a timed or counted strokes method for 5 minutes while keeping hands raised. The ideal surgical scrub reduces bacteria, has persistent effects under gloves, and is non-irritating to skin.
POSTOPERATIVE FEVER
This document discusses postoperative fever, defining it as a temperature above 38°C or 39°C on consecutive or any postoperative days, respectively. It describes the pathophysiology of fever as an inflammatory response to surgery rather than necessarily indicating infection. It outlines criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and discusses various potential causes of immediate, acute, subacute, and delayed postoperative fevers. Evaluation involves assessing vital signs, examination of wounds/lines/tubes, and ordering relevant labs and imaging. Treatment focuses on identifying and removing infection sources, providing IV fluids and antibiotics as needed. The take-home points are that fever alone does not prove infection and may resolve spontaneously within a week after surgery.
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This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
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As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
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Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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Genu Valgum
- 1. Guide: Dr. Jaswinder Sir Presenter: Shubhanshu Ranjan Singh
- 2. 6 y old boy of Vitamin D Deficiency B/L Genu Valgum having Tibiofemoral angle 16 degree Intermalleolar distance of 11cm, Q angle of 15 degree with 0-140 ROM of knee joint Bilaterally, Flexion test- femur deformity, Blood Inv-ALP-317/S. Calcium 8.7/S. PO4- 5.2 Rasied eosinophils
- 3. More Medial
- 6. Varun Kumar 6y/ M from Patna Gait- Adduction, patella centralised knee touching knee C/O abonormal walking/ future concern Deformity first notice by her mother in 2019 and progessive in nature for which patient got treatment that time locally for 2 years and deformity get fixed. History of vitamin D deficiency (no previous record) for which he took one weekly sachet and calcium syrup No history of trauma/ infection/swelling/ burning and pain in micturation/depression in between thorax and abdomen
- 7. Birth history- mother didn’t took iron and calcium tablet during pregnancy, rest uneventful and normal Developmental milestones attend appropiately at his age group Family History- Mother h/o hypothyroidism since 9 years on medication
- 8. 2019 diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency for which she took tab calcium and vit d sachet At age of 1 year left mid upper limb burn scar mark present
- 9. 6 y/ M, FTNVD, C/o abnormal walking and future concern of progression Mother noticed deformity @ age 3 years age Deformity progressive No h/o trauma, infection or any swelling F/H Mother hypothyroidsm since 9 years
- 10. Height 115 Weight 25 General Exam- good nutrition, no skin lesion, no polydactyly, no short stature spinal deformity (for Rickets/ skeletal dysplasia/multiple hereditary exostosis) Gait- Adduction, Knee touch each other wide space ankle (circumduction gait) B/L Genu valgus no patellofemoral instability ROM normal
- 11. Valgum Alignment – Inward angulation of extremity in coronal plane (Distal deviate lateral wrt proximal) Valgum called be deformity depends on Age Degree of Valgus – 7 degree normal upto 7 year
- 12. Physiological- knock knee, apparent (ligamentous laxity, rotational deformity, fat thigh) Pathological- Idiopathic, trauma (malunion, physeal arrest, metaphyseal tibial fracture, ) tumor, tumor like conditions (fibrous dysplesis, enchondromatosis, MHE), Infection, Metabolic (Rickets, renal osteodystrophy) Inflammatory- RA Syndrome – Ellis Van Creveld syndrome Polio, Cerebral palsy Skeletal dysplasia- focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia, Osteogenic imperfecta
- 13. Assymetric Involvement Short stature Limb length discrepancy
- 14. Supine knee flexed touching each other both feet medial malleoli approximated If defomity resolve than its femur otherwise in tibia
- 15. Tibio femoral angle- Clinical radiological Intermaleolar distance- Bet medial malleoli <5/5-10/>10 standing erect wirth hips knee fully extended and neutral rotation with patella both knee touching each other Marking ASIS, centre of patella centre of ankle, malleoli
- 16. Goniometer ? Rotational Profile Assesment Foot Progression angle Thigh foot angle Medial hip rotation 70 Lateral hip rotation 30 Sole of foot (straight) ?femoral anteversion/ tibial torsion
- 17. FPA-line of progession vs foot 10-15 external N Thigh foot axis- 20 IR +, ER –
- 18. Apex @ Patella b/w ligamentum patellae and extension of quadriceps resultant distally Patellar instability or not Measure – Standing/ Supine 30 flexed(patella fixed into femoral condyle)(8-10M/15F)
- 19. For ligamentous laxity
- 20. Center of rotation of angulation- Apex of deformity where osteotomy done in orthoscanogram drawn.
- 23. Imaging – Full length Xray of bilateral Lower limbs, xray of wrist, knee Lab- Ca/P/PO4/S. VitD/ALP,CBC,ESR, PTYH U. Ca/P Treatment- Observation – Physiological Acute Correction-Corrective Osteotomy Gradual Correction-Guided growth modulation/ six axis correction device or ilizarov
- 24. Mechanical Axis deviation ???? Stevans Zones Xray Wrist – Metapyseal splaying /cupping/fraying/osteopenia/ Epiphyseal thininng X-ray Ankle
- 25. In our patient growth potential remaining So,Guided growth modulation Figure of 8 plate 16mm applied B/L Now this is standard treatment for skeletally immature Removal?
- 26. Iliotibial band contracture Hip- abduction/ apparent lenthening/ true shortening ANKLE/FOOT- talipes equino varus Leg- external tibial torsion Knee- flexion contracture/ genu valgum Hip- flexion/abduction/ER Pelvic- pelvic obliquity Spine- lumber lordosis/ scoliosis