ANKLE FRACTURES
Pott’s fracture
A Pott’s fracture is a type of ankle fracture that is characterized by a break in one or more bony prominences on the sides of the ankle known as the malleoli.
Also known as Broken Ankle, Ankle Fracture and malleolar fracture.
Pott’s fracture often occurs in combination with other injuries such as a sprained ankle or other fractures of the foot, ankle or lower leg.
Claw Hand,Definition,Causes,Types,Symptoms and ManagementDr.Md.Monsur Rahman
Dr.Md.Monsur Rahman, Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Master of Physiotherapy (MPT) in Musculoskeletal Disorders, ABC-Spine in Osteopathic Approach,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala -Haryana.
ANKLE FRACTURES
Pott’s fracture
A Pott’s fracture is a type of ankle fracture that is characterized by a break in one or more bony prominences on the sides of the ankle known as the malleoli.
Also known as Broken Ankle, Ankle Fracture and malleolar fracture.
Pott’s fracture often occurs in combination with other injuries such as a sprained ankle or other fractures of the foot, ankle or lower leg.
Claw Hand,Definition,Causes,Types,Symptoms and ManagementDr.Md.Monsur Rahman
Dr.Md.Monsur Rahman, Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Master of Physiotherapy (MPT) in Musculoskeletal Disorders, ABC-Spine in Osteopathic Approach,
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala -Haryana.
Hip dysplasia describes a condition where the hip becomes partially or fully dislocated and/or the hip’s ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) are misaligned. The condition primarily affects children but is also commonly diagnosed in adulthood. Treatment options range from simple bracing to extensive surgery and should be determined based on the patient’s age and the severity of their condition.
http://www.davidsfeldmanmd.com/specialties/hip-dysplasia
With the pandemic overclouding the whole world it has effected every strato of people including the Orthopaedic groups. This is to highlight the impact of COVID 19 on the orthopaedic in general.
Conservative management in 3 and 4 part proximal humerus fractureBipulBorthakur
Proximal humerus fracture is common in both young as well as elderly people with most of the elderly patients unable to undergo operative management. This study is to see the aspect of conservative management in proximal humerus fracture.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Q – angle: angle formed between
the line joining the ASIS and
centre of patella and the line
joining the center of patella and
the tibial tuberosity
Normal
Males – 10 to 12 deg
Females – 15 to 18 deg
3. Commonly known as ”Knock-
knee”
Limb is deviated towards midline
of the body and both knees touch
each other when knee is in full
extension
4. Genu valgum is a normal physiological process in children
Up to 4 years of age.
Therefore it is critical to differentiate between a physiological and
pathological process
Distal femur is the most common location of primary pathologic genu
valgum but can arise from tibia
6. Deformity is the only complaint
Knee joints touch each other while standing –
Knock knees
Increased Q angle
Increased inter-malleolar distance
Inter-malleolar distance up to 9cm with child
lying down is acceptable
7. Plain radiograph of knee joints AP and lateral view
Calculate Q-angle
Orthoscanogram
8. Non – operative
Observation of deformity and parent counselling
Consider as first line of management for physiological Genu valgum in children of < 6
years
Treatment of primary cause
9. Operative treatment
Hemiepiphysiodesis or physeal tethering
Bone stapling
Done before completing growth
Put into the bone around growth plate
10. Corrective Osteotomy
Done at the apex of the deformity at femur and /or tibia
10 years old with Inter-malleolar distance > 10cm
Can be a lateral open wedge or medial close wedge
osteotomy
11. TREATMENT FACTS OF GENUVALGUM
< 4 yrs— No treatment. Only observation.
4-10 yrs—Heel raise, knock-knee brace.
10-14 yrs—Epiphyseal stapling.
14-16 yrs—wait until skeletal maturity, as it is too late for stapling and too early for
osteotomy, as it may recur
> 16 yrs— Osteotomy.
12. Angular deformity of proximal tibia in which the child appear
“bowlegged”.
Maximum varus is present at 6-12 months of age
Bowlegs after 2 years of age considered abnormal
14. CAUSES IN ADULTS
May be sequel of childhood deformity and if so usually cause no problems. However, if
the deformity is associated with joint instability, this can lead to osteoarthritis of the
medial compartment.
Other causes include:
Fracture of the lower part of the femur or the upper part of the tibia with malunion.
Osteoarthritis
Rarefying diseases of the bone such as osteomalacia
Other bone-softening diseases such as Paget’s disease.
15. HISTORY:
The stature and nutritional status of the child
Developmental milestones
Other nutritional or medical problems
History of trauma or infections
16. EXAMINATION:
Short stature :
Suggests the possibility of vitamin D refractory (hypo-phosphatemic) rickets or bone
dysplasia (achondroplasia or metaphyseal dysplasia).
The inter-condylar distance:
Performed with the medial malleoli in contact
Done in stance and supine.
Greater than 6 cm is abnormal.
Ruling out the deformity of the feet: e.g. metatarsus varus or valgus
which may represent torsional deformity of the limb
17. Plain radiograph of knee joints AP and lateral views
Orthoscanogram
Complete bone metabolic profile
Serum Ca, Ph, ALP
SerumVitamin D level
Complete blood count
RFT, urine Ca level
18. Non-operative
In the vast majority of cases, genu varum will correct with growth.
In physiological genu varum, education and assurance of the parents is
important and just follow its natural course by reassessing the child in 6
months.
Treatment of underlying causes
Brace application
19. Brace application:
The effectiveness of the brace is related to the relief
of weight bearing stresses on the medial physeal
region of the proximal tibia.
Brace treatment is reported to be successful in 50%
to 80% of the patients treated.
The brace is worn until the deformity has been
corrected which usually takes about 1 year.
Thus, bracing is usually not a viable option for
children over the age of 3.
20. Operative:
Tibial osteotomy – The shinbone is cut just below
the knee and reshaped to correct the alignment
Guided growth - This surgery of the growth plate
stops the growth on the healthy side of the
shinbone which gives the abnormal side a chance
to catch up, straightening the leg with the child’s
natural growth