Generations of computer
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A computer is an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. Charles Babbage conceptualized the first mechanical computer called the Difference Engine in 1822 and later proposed the Analytical Engine, considered the first general mechanical computer. The ENIAC, completed in 1946, was the first fully electronic, general-purpose computer and is considered the first digital computer. Generations of computers progressed from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits, decreasing in size and power needs while increasing in speed and capabilities over time.
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Chapter 2. classification of computer
This document classifies computers based on capacity, use, size, brand, and model. It discusses analog, digital, and hybrid computers based on work. Computers are also classified as specific purpose or general purpose based on their intended use. Classification by size includes supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, and microcomputers. Computers can also be classified based on brand as IBM PC, IBM compatible, or Apple/Macintosh. Finally, classification by model discusses XT, AT, and PS/2 computers.
The Five Generations of Computers
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
First generation computers relied on machine language.
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
Third Generation of Computers
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, took up entire rooms, were expensive to operate, and could only solve one problem at a time via machine language. Examples included the UNIVAC and ENIAC. The second generation transitioned to using transistors, magnetic memory/storage, and high-level languages like Fortran. They were smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation was defined by integrated circuits replacing individual transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper, and more efficient while supporting features like multiprocessing and operating systems.
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The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, operations, characteristics, hardware, software, and the difference between hardware and software. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, stores and manipulates data according to instructions, and can store, retrieve, and process information. Computers perform four main operations - input, processing, storage, and output. Characteristics include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, versatility, reliability, communication abilities, multi-tasking capability, automation, and ability to reduce costs. Computer hardware refers to physical components while software refers to programs and procedures that perform tasks.
Brief history of computers
The document provides a brief history of computers over several generations from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern digital computers. It discusses early mechanical computers from the 17th century through early electronic computers of the 1940s-50s. The five generations of computers are then outlined from first generation vacuum tube computers of 1942-1955 to the emerging fifth generation with artificial intelligence capabilities. Different types of computers like analog, digital, and hybrid systems are also defined.
My computer
This document discusses different types of computers:
- Mini computers were smaller machines that cost less than $25,000 and had at least 4K of memory. They were designed for control, instrumentation, and communication.
- Microcomputers contain a microprocessor as the central processing unit and became popular in the 1970s and 80s. Many microcomputers are also personal computers.
- Mainframe computers are large machines used by corporations and governments for critical applications like data processing.
- Supercomputers, introduced in the 1960s, can perform calculations at nanosecond speeds and are at the forefront of processing capacity. The fastest currently is in China and can perform over 33 petaflops.
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The document summarizes the key characteristics of five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and required air conditioning. The second generation used transistors and were smaller, more reliable, and used less energy. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller, more portable, and had lower maintenance costs. The fourth generation used microprocessors and personal computers emerged. The fifth generation is still in development and aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
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Chapter 2. classification of computer
This document classifies computers based on capacity, use, size, brand, and model. It discusses analog, digital, and hybrid computers based on work. Computers are also classified as specific purpose or general purpose based on their intended use. Classification by size includes supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, and microcomputers. Computers can also be classified based on brand as IBM PC, IBM compatible, or Apple/Macintosh. Finally, classification by model discusses XT, AT, and PS/2 computers.
The Five Generations of Computers
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
First generation computers relied on machine language.
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
Third Generation of Computers
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, took up entire rooms, were expensive to operate, and could only solve one problem at a time via machine language. Examples included the UNIVAC and ENIAC. The second generation transitioned to using transistors, magnetic memory/storage, and high-level languages like Fortran. They were smaller, faster, and more reliable. The third generation was defined by integrated circuits replacing individual transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper, and more efficient while supporting features like multiprocessing and operating systems.
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The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, operations, characteristics, hardware, software, and the difference between hardware and software. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, stores and manipulates data according to instructions, and can store, retrieve, and process information. Computers perform four main operations - input, processing, storage, and output. Characteristics include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, versatility, reliability, communication abilities, multi-tasking capability, automation, and ability to reduce costs. Computer hardware refers to physical components while software refers to programs and procedures that perform tasks.
Brief history of computers
The document provides a brief history of computers over several generations from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern digital computers. It discusses early mechanical computers from the 17th century through early electronic computers of the 1940s-50s. The five generations of computers are then outlined from first generation vacuum tube computers of 1942-1955 to the emerging fifth generation with artificial intelligence capabilities. Different types of computers like analog, digital, and hybrid systems are also defined.
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This document discusses different types of computers:
- Mini computers were smaller machines that cost less than $25,000 and had at least 4K of memory. They were designed for control, instrumentation, and communication.
- Microcomputers contain a microprocessor as the central processing unit and became popular in the 1970s and 80s. Many microcomputers are also personal computers.
- Mainframe computers are large machines used by corporations and governments for critical applications like data processing.
- Supercomputers, introduced in the 1960s, can perform calculations at nanosecond speeds and are at the forefront of processing capacity. The fastest currently is in China and can perform over 33 petaflops.
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The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. [1] The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large in size. [2] The second generation used transistors and were smaller with magnetic storage. [3] The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller still with multiple users accessing remote terminals.
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This document discusses the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive, and unreliable. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size and heat. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip and allowed for widespread commercial use. The fifth generation, still in development, aims to achieve artificial intelligence through parallel processing and superconductors.
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This document discusses the five generations of computers. It provides details on the key characteristics and technologies of each generation including the computers used, languages developed, and common applications. The 1st generation (1951-1958) used vacuum tubes and were large, slow and unreliable. The 2nd generation (1959-1963) used transistors and were smaller and more efficient. The 3rd generation (1964-1979) used integrated circuits and were smaller and faster. The 4th generation (1979-) used microprocessors and were more powerful and portable. The 5th generation (present) is based on artificial intelligence and future technologies.
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This document provides an introduction to computers, including:
- Definitions of a computer as a machine that can perform calculations and logical operations at high speeds.
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- A brief history of early mechanical calculating devices and how programmable computers evolved through the use of vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and networking.
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Computer basics
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
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The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. [1] The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large in size. [2] The second generation used transistors and were smaller with magnetic storage. [3] The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller still with multiple users accessing remote terminals.
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The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes in the 1940s to the current fifth generation pursuing artificial intelligence. The first generation computers were large, consumed significant energy, and had limited capabilities. The subsequent generations saw improvements in size, speed, reliability, cost, and programming due to innovations like transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. Current research aims to develop computers with human-level artificial intelligence.
Improvement of hardware in computer generation
This document discusses the five generations of computers from 1946 to the present. It describes the key technologies and improvements that define each generation, including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic core memory. Subsequent generations saw the introduction of transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and advances like graphic interfaces and artificial intelligence. The document also briefly defines different types of computers including microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
generation of computers
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and filled whole buildings. The second generation introduced transistors, while the third used integrated circuits. The fourth generation used microprocessors, making computers much smaller. The fifth generation is still being developed and focuses on artificial intelligence using neural networks. Each generation brought improvements in size, reliability, speed and capabilities.
Generationofcomputer
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and filled whole buildings. The second generation introduced transistors, while the third used integrated circuits. The fourth generation used microprocessors, making computers much smaller. The fifth generation is still being developed and focuses on artificial intelligence using neural networks. Each generation brought improvements in size, reliability, speed and capabilities.
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- The components of a computer like input/output units, central processing unit, and memory unit.
- Different number systems like binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.
- Converting between number systems like converting decimal to binary.
- Generations of computers from first to fifth generation and the hardware and software technologies used.
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一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
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Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 Standard
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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Unit -II Spectroscopy - EC I B.Tech.pdf
Chemical engineering and electronics engineering and chemical development of the day of the almighty paw paw paw
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdf
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证毕业证学位证【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
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Generations of computer
- 1. Computer A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
- 2. First mechanical computer or automatic computing engine concept: 1. In 1822, Charles Babbage conceptualized and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing machine. 2. In 1837, Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine.
- 4. The first digital computer 1. Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC began development by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff 2. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, the ENIAC was the first electronic computer used for general purposes, such as solving numerical problems. It was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
- 5. • many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer because it was fully functional.
- 6. First Laptop • The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians. • Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981.
- 8. Generations of Computer • FIRST GENERATION: 1946-1959 1. Vacuum Tubes, for circuitry 2. Magnetic Drums, for Memory. 3. Input was based on Punched cards and Punch tape, and output was displayed on printouts. 4. Machine language
- 9. Vacuum Tubes
- 10. Magnetic Drums
- 11. Punch Cards
- 12. Punch Tape
- 13. • Few Examples are: 1. ENIAC (first digital computer) 2. UNIVAC (first commercial computer) 3. EDVAC 4. IBM-701 5. IBM-650
- 14. • Advantages: 1. It made use of vacuum tubes which are the only electronic component available during those days. 2. These computers could calculate in milliseconds.
- 15. • Disadvantages: 1. These were very big in size, weight was about 30 tones. 2. These computers were very costly. 3. It could store only a small amount of information due to the presence of magnetic drums. 4. Vacuum tubes require a large cooling system. 5. Very less work efficiency. 6. Limited programming capabilities as punch cards were used to take inputs. 7. Large amount of energy consumption. 8. Not reliable and constant maintenance is required.
- 16. SECOND GENERATION: 1959-1965 • Based on Transistor instead of vacuum tubes. • Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. • Machine language to Assembly Language. • Magnetic cores, Magnetic tape and Magnetic Disks for Storage.
- 20. • Few Examples are: 1. Honeywell 400 2. IBM 7094 3. CDC 1604 4. CDC 3600 5. UNIVAC 1108 6. … many more
- 21. • Advantages: 1. Transistors reducing the size of a computer as compared to first generation computers. 2. Less energy and not produce as much heat as the first generation. 3. Low cost than first generation computers. 4. Better speed, calculate data in microseconds. 5. Better portability as compared to first generation
- 22. Disadvantages: 1. A cooling system was required. 2. Constant maintenance was required. 3. Only used for specific purposes.
- 23. • Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. • A single IC (a silicon chip) has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. • Instead of punch cards, mouse and keyboard are used for input. • They used an operating system for better resource management. • Languages: PASCAL, BASIC THIRD GENERATION: 1965-1971
- 25. • Few Examples are: 1. PDP-8 2. PDP-11 3. ICL 2900 4. IBM 360 5. IBM 370 6. … and many more
- 26. • Advantages: 1. These computers were cheaper , fast and reliable. 2. IC not only reduce the size of the computer but it also improves the performance of the computer. 3. Big storage capacity. 4. These computers reduce the computational time from microseconds to nanoseconds. • Disadvantages: 1. The highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips. 2. Air conditioning is required.
- 27. FOURTH GENERATION 1971-1980 • Microprocessor is used- Thousands of ICs Built upon it (Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits). • Introduction of : Many new Operating Systems were Introduced- MS-DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS etc.., Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology , General Purpose computers, Semi Conductor memory, High Level Languages.
- 29. • Few Examples are: 1. IBM 4341 2. DEC 10 3. STAR 1000 4. PUP 11 5. … and many more
- 30. • Advantages: 1. Fastest in computation and size get reduced. 2. Heat generated is negligible. 3. Small in size, Less maintenance is required. • Disadvantages: 1. The Microprocessor design and fabrication are very complex. 2. Air conditioning is required in many cases due to the presence of ICs.
- 31. FIFTH GENERATION 1980-onwards. • This generation is based on Artificial Intelligence. • The aim of the fifth generation is to make a device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self- organization. • This generation is based on ULSI(Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology. • Few Examples are: Desktop, Laptop, NoteBook, UltraBook, Chromebook etc..
- 33. • Advantages: – It is more reliable and works faster. – It is available in different sizes and unique features. – It provides computers with more user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features. • Disadvantages: – They need very low-level languages. – They may make the human brains dull and doomed.