Delia Grace: Gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment for food safetyIFPRI Gender
A4NH and Gender Task Force seminar on Gender, Agriculture, and Health: Tracing the Links
Screencast recording: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zer79kc0vnsrsgy/2015-10-20%2009.31%2010_20%20A4NH_IFPRI%20Gender%20Task%20Force%20Seminar_%20Gender%2C%20agriculture%2C%20and%20health.mp4?dl=0
How can we take into account health in our agriculture, nutrition, and gender research? Health and nutrition are closely interrelated: health status influences nutritional outcomes, by mediating a person’s ability to utilize nutrients and lead a healthy life, and nutritional status influences health, by mediating a person’s vulnerability to various illnesses. Both health and nutrition are directly and indirectly affected by rural livelihood decisions related to agriculture, livestock, and water management. Livelihood decisions and duties are gendered, in that social identity influences an individual’s options and choices. Men and women’s exposure to health risks, capacity to provide health care, and access to health services often vary due to these differing roles and rights.
This seminar provides three case studies in how gender dynamics in rural livelihoods influence health, and in turn, nutrition. Intended as an introduction to topics in gender, health, and agriculture, the seminar will help researchers familiar with the agriculture-to-nutrition pathways begin to think about how health has bearings on this framework.
In the seminar, Kelly Jones will present on recent research that traces how livelihood shocks may increase HIV transmission through higher-risk sex, especially for women. Elizabeth Bryan will share early-stage research on the links between small-scale irrigation adoption, gender, and health and nutrition outcomes. Delia Grace will introduce a gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment framework for addressing food safety.
Veganism is a philosophy that seeks to exclude all forms of animal exploitation and cruelty as far as possible. It bans all animal products and activities that use animals. There are benefits to veganism including improved animal welfare, environmental protection, and human health. However, veganism also faces issues. Some vegans hold extremist views that oppose people who work with animals. Additionally, vegans must ensure they receive sufficient nutrition from fortified foods and supplements to avoid deficiencies, especially of vitamin B12. Proper planning is needed to be a healthy vegan.
The document provides information about veganism including role models, recipes from different cuisines, products, myths about vegan diets, the environmental benefits, tips for eating and shopping as a vegan, the health benefits, why vegans don't eat animals, vegan athletes, campaigns against animal cruelty, and vegan clothing materials. Primary research was also included where college students answered questions about what being vegan means to them and if they would try it and what they would miss.
Dr. David Hughes - "What Do You Want With Your Beef?"John Blue
1) Global meat demand is projected to grow strongly to 2030, though beef consumption makes up a minority share compared to pork and poultry.
2) Health concerns are a major factor driving consumers, especially in Western countries, to reduce meat consumption or seek meat produced in a more sustainable manner.
3) Retailers are responding by offering meat products with various attributes related to ethics, sustainability, and health in order to meet evolving consumer values around food.
The document provides information on various topics related to veganism, including definitions of veganism, reasons why people become vegan, the environmental and health impacts of vegan diets, an overview of the vegan diet, and tips for transitioning to a vegan lifestyle. Across multiple sections, the document examines veganism from different angles, citing sources from reputable vegan organizations to support its discussion of these topics.
This document summarizes interviews and surveys conducted at grocery stores to understand consumer considerations when purchasing meat. It finds that cost and what ingredients are needed for recipes are primary factors. Production techniques like organic and hormone-free are also valued. The document then discusses how to make more socially responsible meat choices and proposes interventions like informational cards, vouchers, and meal planning cards to encourage sustainable options.
A quick overview about veganism, its definition and other implications related to the topic. Click to learn something about vegans you may have not known before!
Delia Grace: Gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment for food safetyIFPRI Gender
A4NH and Gender Task Force seminar on Gender, Agriculture, and Health: Tracing the Links
Screencast recording: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zer79kc0vnsrsgy/2015-10-20%2009.31%2010_20%20A4NH_IFPRI%20Gender%20Task%20Force%20Seminar_%20Gender%2C%20agriculture%2C%20and%20health.mp4?dl=0
How can we take into account health in our agriculture, nutrition, and gender research? Health and nutrition are closely interrelated: health status influences nutritional outcomes, by mediating a person’s ability to utilize nutrients and lead a healthy life, and nutritional status influences health, by mediating a person’s vulnerability to various illnesses. Both health and nutrition are directly and indirectly affected by rural livelihood decisions related to agriculture, livestock, and water management. Livelihood decisions and duties are gendered, in that social identity influences an individual’s options and choices. Men and women’s exposure to health risks, capacity to provide health care, and access to health services often vary due to these differing roles and rights.
This seminar provides three case studies in how gender dynamics in rural livelihoods influence health, and in turn, nutrition. Intended as an introduction to topics in gender, health, and agriculture, the seminar will help researchers familiar with the agriculture-to-nutrition pathways begin to think about how health has bearings on this framework.
In the seminar, Kelly Jones will present on recent research that traces how livelihood shocks may increase HIV transmission through higher-risk sex, especially for women. Elizabeth Bryan will share early-stage research on the links between small-scale irrigation adoption, gender, and health and nutrition outcomes. Delia Grace will introduce a gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment framework for addressing food safety.
Veganism is a philosophy that seeks to exclude all forms of animal exploitation and cruelty as far as possible. It bans all animal products and activities that use animals. There are benefits to veganism including improved animal welfare, environmental protection, and human health. However, veganism also faces issues. Some vegans hold extremist views that oppose people who work with animals. Additionally, vegans must ensure they receive sufficient nutrition from fortified foods and supplements to avoid deficiencies, especially of vitamin B12. Proper planning is needed to be a healthy vegan.
The document provides information about veganism including role models, recipes from different cuisines, products, myths about vegan diets, the environmental benefits, tips for eating and shopping as a vegan, the health benefits, why vegans don't eat animals, vegan athletes, campaigns against animal cruelty, and vegan clothing materials. Primary research was also included where college students answered questions about what being vegan means to them and if they would try it and what they would miss.
Dr. David Hughes - "What Do You Want With Your Beef?"John Blue
1) Global meat demand is projected to grow strongly to 2030, though beef consumption makes up a minority share compared to pork and poultry.
2) Health concerns are a major factor driving consumers, especially in Western countries, to reduce meat consumption or seek meat produced in a more sustainable manner.
3) Retailers are responding by offering meat products with various attributes related to ethics, sustainability, and health in order to meet evolving consumer values around food.
The document provides information on various topics related to veganism, including definitions of veganism, reasons why people become vegan, the environmental and health impacts of vegan diets, an overview of the vegan diet, and tips for transitioning to a vegan lifestyle. Across multiple sections, the document examines veganism from different angles, citing sources from reputable vegan organizations to support its discussion of these topics.
This document summarizes interviews and surveys conducted at grocery stores to understand consumer considerations when purchasing meat. It finds that cost and what ingredients are needed for recipes are primary factors. Production techniques like organic and hormone-free are also valued. The document then discusses how to make more socially responsible meat choices and proposes interventions like informational cards, vouchers, and meal planning cards to encourage sustainable options.
A quick overview about veganism, its definition and other implications related to the topic. Click to learn something about vegans you may have not known before!
Vegetarianism is a lifestyle where one does not eat meat or animal products. A vegetarian diet can be healthy, as it is associated with lower cholesterol and blood pressure. There are different types of vegetarian diets such as vegan, ovo-lacto, and raw foodism. While vegetarian diets lack some vitamins and proteins found in meat, these can be obtained through nuts, soy milk, cereals, fruits and alternatives like seitan. Overall, following a vegetarian lifestyle can benefit one's health, and the author believes it is preferable to reducing animal suffering.
Whether you already are a vegetarian or just exploring alternatives, this seminar is for you! Learn about the benefits of a vegetarian diet, the types of vegetarianism, the common nutrient deficiencies and how to be a healthy, well-nourished vegetarian at any age. We will also focus on the special needs of vegetarians during pregnancy, breast-feeding, infancy, childhood and adolescence.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Watson, a vegetarian for over 25 years and the mother of two vegetarian children.
A vegetarian is defined as someone who does not eat meat, fish, or any other animal products. There are different types of vegetarians such as lacto-ovo-vegetarians who eat dairy and eggs but not meat, and vegans who eat no animal products at all including dairy, eggs and honey. Becoming a vegetarian can provide health benefits such as lower cholesterol, blood pressure, risk of heart disease and cancer. The transition to a vegetarian diet is made easier by identifying vegetarian meals already enjoyed and adapting regular recipes by substituting vegetarian ingredients for meat.
- The document is a collection of messages promoting Meatless Mondays at Agnes Scott College from February 22 to December 12.
- It encourages skipping meat one day a week for health, environmental, and ethical reasons.
- Various events and opportunities are advertised such as presentations on sustainable nutrition, ethics lectures on farmed animal suffering, and a position for Meatless Monday campus ambassadors.
This document discusses vegetarian and vegan diets. It provides information on different types of vegetarian diets including lacto-ovo vegetarian, ovo vegetarian, lacto vegetarian, and vegan diets. It also compares the nutrient composition and sources of nutrients in non-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and vegan diets. Additionally, it discusses the health benefits of vegetarian diets and reducing the risks of diseases like heart disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Guidelines for meeting nutrient needs on a vegan diet are also provided.
The document provides information on why one should be vegan, noting that vegans have lower risks of heart attacks and that it takes much less land and water to produce plant-based foods compared to meat. It addresses common concerns about being vegan, such as where to get protein or whether it is safe for children, and provides alternatives to animal products. The document aims to educate people on the health, environmental, and ethical benefits of adopting a vegan lifestyle.
This document discusses veganism and some of the questions and debates surrounding it. It notes that while veganism has grown in popularity, some are skeptical of whether it can provide adequate nutrition compared to diets including animal products. It outlines potential questions about veganism's health impacts and effects on industries and the environment. Sources of research on veganism from databases and organizations are listed, as are specific studies. Challenges in researching long-term vegan diet effects and finding consensus on "healthy" are raised. The relevance of understanding veganism is discussed.
Veganism is a form of vegetarianism that excludes all animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy and honey. People choose a vegan lifestyle for ethical reasons related to animal welfare, environmental concerns, and health benefits. A balanced vegan diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds to provide sufficient nutrients. However, vegans must supplement with vitamin B12 and consider iodine and vitamin D intake depending on their individual needs and diet.
Being vegan is a lifestyle choice that avoids all animal products in food, clothing, and other uses. While vegetarians may consume eggs and dairy, vegans do not consume or use anything from animals. There is a debate around whether veganism is a subdivision of vegetarianism or if true vegetarians are vegan. More people today prefer being vegan or vegetarian, but their motivations may be to follow contemporary fashion trends or for ethical and health reasons like protecting the environment and animals or weight loss.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
This document provides information about becoming a vegetarian, including the health, environmental, and ethical benefits. It defines what vegetarian means, discusses replacing meat with vegetarian protein sources, and debunks myths about getting enough protein and nutrition from a vegetarian diet. The document also outlines some of the cruel conditions faced by chickens, cows, and other farm animals in the industrial agriculture system.
This presentation really sparked debates in my adult classes and opened up for some really interesting discussion. Not to mention it taught them a lot about what a vegan or a vegetarian can and can't eat. You might want to check before you start, you might be surprised!
Vegetarianism has various health, environmental, and ethical benefits according to the document. It discusses the different types of vegetarian diets and some famous vegetarians. While meat consumption can negatively impact personal health and the environment, changing diets can be difficult. With proper planning, a vegetarian diet can meet nutritional needs. Overall, the document frames vegetarianism positively in terms of health, ethics, and sustainability.
Veganism is a lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting animals. It can help reduce animal suffering, improve health, and benefit the environment. Vegans must ensure they obtain essential nutrients like vitamin B12 from plant sources or supplements. Adopting a vegan diet may decrease risks for diseases and alleviate PMS symptoms for some women. Going vegan also lessens agriculture's environmental impacts like freshwater use and greenhouse gas emissions. However, statements about vegan health and impacts require nuance and clarification.
The Ethical Girl's Guide to Being Vegan & Fabulous - Chic Veganv2zq
This document is an excerpt from "The Ethical Girl's Guide to Being Vegan and Fabulous" which provides information and guidance on living a vegan lifestyle. It includes chapters on vegan nutrition, cooking, fashion, beauty, and everyday living. This excerpt focuses on defining veganism, explaining the benefits of a vegan diet, and providing basic nutritional and cooking tips for new vegans. It discusses protein, calcium, iron and B12 needs and offers recipes for chocolate chili and Moroccan mishmash.
Veganism is a lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting animals for food, clothing, or entertainment. It can provide health benefits by reducing consumption of meat and dairy, though vegans must ensure they get sufficient nutrients like vitamin B12. Veganism helps the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water usage associated with industrial animal agriculture, which requires vast amounts of land and resources.
This document discusses various aspects of veganism based on information from multiple online sources. It provides details on what veganism entails as a lifestyle, the health benefits of a vegan diet, how animals are treated in the meat and dairy industries, and alternatives to animal products. The document examines information from websites on topics like the number of vegans increasing, the vegan diet, benefits of a plant-based diet, what happens to dairy cows and their calves, and how animals are killed in the fur and egg industries.
This document discusses balanced diets and food distribution. It recommends that a balanced diet includes servings from grains, vegetables, fruits, proteins, and dairy. Maintaining a balanced diet promotes growth, health, and prevents diseases and obesity. The document also stresses the importance of distributing food to those in need, such as the poor, victims of war or natural disasters. Providing food aid fosters human relations and saves lives by preventing hunger, weakness, and death. The document concludes by discussing different religious dietary restrictions for Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus.
Veganism is a philosophy that seeks to avoid animal exploitation and promotes a plant-based lifestyle. It is a controversial way of living that differs from social norms. The Veganuary campaign encourages people to try veganism in January. While vegan diets require care to ensure adequate nutrient intake, they may provide health benefits by reducing disease risk and improving personal health. However, claims about benefits related to women's menstrual cycles require more research. Veganism also helps the environment by reducing agricultural land and water use compared to meat production.
Transforming gender relations through the market: The impact of smallholder d...ILRI
Households participating in the smallholder dairy market in rural Ethiopia were found to have improved women's intra-household bargaining position compared to non-participating households. While milk income shifted from women to men in participating households, men returned some of this income to their wives. In a bargaining game, women in participating households proposed keeping less for themselves but expected to receive more from their husbands, while men did the opposite. Overall, the study found market participation was positively associated with women's bargaining power within the household.
Application of an adapted Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) in ...ILRI
Poster prepared by Mutua, E., Brooks, R., Korir, L. and Waithanji, E. for the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Vegetarianism is a lifestyle where one does not eat meat or animal products. A vegetarian diet can be healthy, as it is associated with lower cholesterol and blood pressure. There are different types of vegetarian diets such as vegan, ovo-lacto, and raw foodism. While vegetarian diets lack some vitamins and proteins found in meat, these can be obtained through nuts, soy milk, cereals, fruits and alternatives like seitan. Overall, following a vegetarian lifestyle can benefit one's health, and the author believes it is preferable to reducing animal suffering.
Whether you already are a vegetarian or just exploring alternatives, this seminar is for you! Learn about the benefits of a vegetarian diet, the types of vegetarianism, the common nutrient deficiencies and how to be a healthy, well-nourished vegetarian at any age. We will also focus on the special needs of vegetarians during pregnancy, breast-feeding, infancy, childhood and adolescence.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Watson, a vegetarian for over 25 years and the mother of two vegetarian children.
A vegetarian is defined as someone who does not eat meat, fish, or any other animal products. There are different types of vegetarians such as lacto-ovo-vegetarians who eat dairy and eggs but not meat, and vegans who eat no animal products at all including dairy, eggs and honey. Becoming a vegetarian can provide health benefits such as lower cholesterol, blood pressure, risk of heart disease and cancer. The transition to a vegetarian diet is made easier by identifying vegetarian meals already enjoyed and adapting regular recipes by substituting vegetarian ingredients for meat.
- The document is a collection of messages promoting Meatless Mondays at Agnes Scott College from February 22 to December 12.
- It encourages skipping meat one day a week for health, environmental, and ethical reasons.
- Various events and opportunities are advertised such as presentations on sustainable nutrition, ethics lectures on farmed animal suffering, and a position for Meatless Monday campus ambassadors.
This document discusses vegetarian and vegan diets. It provides information on different types of vegetarian diets including lacto-ovo vegetarian, ovo vegetarian, lacto vegetarian, and vegan diets. It also compares the nutrient composition and sources of nutrients in non-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and vegan diets. Additionally, it discusses the health benefits of vegetarian diets and reducing the risks of diseases like heart disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Guidelines for meeting nutrient needs on a vegan diet are also provided.
The document provides information on why one should be vegan, noting that vegans have lower risks of heart attacks and that it takes much less land and water to produce plant-based foods compared to meat. It addresses common concerns about being vegan, such as where to get protein or whether it is safe for children, and provides alternatives to animal products. The document aims to educate people on the health, environmental, and ethical benefits of adopting a vegan lifestyle.
This document discusses veganism and some of the questions and debates surrounding it. It notes that while veganism has grown in popularity, some are skeptical of whether it can provide adequate nutrition compared to diets including animal products. It outlines potential questions about veganism's health impacts and effects on industries and the environment. Sources of research on veganism from databases and organizations are listed, as are specific studies. Challenges in researching long-term vegan diet effects and finding consensus on "healthy" are raised. The relevance of understanding veganism is discussed.
Veganism is a form of vegetarianism that excludes all animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy and honey. People choose a vegan lifestyle for ethical reasons related to animal welfare, environmental concerns, and health benefits. A balanced vegan diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds to provide sufficient nutrients. However, vegans must supplement with vitamin B12 and consider iodine and vitamin D intake depending on their individual needs and diet.
Being vegan is a lifestyle choice that avoids all animal products in food, clothing, and other uses. While vegetarians may consume eggs and dairy, vegans do not consume or use anything from animals. There is a debate around whether veganism is a subdivision of vegetarianism or if true vegetarians are vegan. More people today prefer being vegan or vegetarian, but their motivations may be to follow contemporary fashion trends or for ethical and health reasons like protecting the environment and animals or weight loss.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
This document provides information about becoming a vegetarian, including the health, environmental, and ethical benefits. It defines what vegetarian means, discusses replacing meat with vegetarian protein sources, and debunks myths about getting enough protein and nutrition from a vegetarian diet. The document also outlines some of the cruel conditions faced by chickens, cows, and other farm animals in the industrial agriculture system.
This presentation really sparked debates in my adult classes and opened up for some really interesting discussion. Not to mention it taught them a lot about what a vegan or a vegetarian can and can't eat. You might want to check before you start, you might be surprised!
Vegetarianism has various health, environmental, and ethical benefits according to the document. It discusses the different types of vegetarian diets and some famous vegetarians. While meat consumption can negatively impact personal health and the environment, changing diets can be difficult. With proper planning, a vegetarian diet can meet nutritional needs. Overall, the document frames vegetarianism positively in terms of health, ethics, and sustainability.
Veganism is a lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting animals. It can help reduce animal suffering, improve health, and benefit the environment. Vegans must ensure they obtain essential nutrients like vitamin B12 from plant sources or supplements. Adopting a vegan diet may decrease risks for diseases and alleviate PMS symptoms for some women. Going vegan also lessens agriculture's environmental impacts like freshwater use and greenhouse gas emissions. However, statements about vegan health and impacts require nuance and clarification.
The Ethical Girl's Guide to Being Vegan & Fabulous - Chic Veganv2zq
This document is an excerpt from "The Ethical Girl's Guide to Being Vegan and Fabulous" which provides information and guidance on living a vegan lifestyle. It includes chapters on vegan nutrition, cooking, fashion, beauty, and everyday living. This excerpt focuses on defining veganism, explaining the benefits of a vegan diet, and providing basic nutritional and cooking tips for new vegans. It discusses protein, calcium, iron and B12 needs and offers recipes for chocolate chili and Moroccan mishmash.
Veganism is a lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting animals for food, clothing, or entertainment. It can provide health benefits by reducing consumption of meat and dairy, though vegans must ensure they get sufficient nutrients like vitamin B12. Veganism helps the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water usage associated with industrial animal agriculture, which requires vast amounts of land and resources.
This document discusses various aspects of veganism based on information from multiple online sources. It provides details on what veganism entails as a lifestyle, the health benefits of a vegan diet, how animals are treated in the meat and dairy industries, and alternatives to animal products. The document examines information from websites on topics like the number of vegans increasing, the vegan diet, benefits of a plant-based diet, what happens to dairy cows and their calves, and how animals are killed in the fur and egg industries.
This document discusses balanced diets and food distribution. It recommends that a balanced diet includes servings from grains, vegetables, fruits, proteins, and dairy. Maintaining a balanced diet promotes growth, health, and prevents diseases and obesity. The document also stresses the importance of distributing food to those in need, such as the poor, victims of war or natural disasters. Providing food aid fosters human relations and saves lives by preventing hunger, weakness, and death. The document concludes by discussing different religious dietary restrictions for Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus.
Veganism is a philosophy that seeks to avoid animal exploitation and promotes a plant-based lifestyle. It is a controversial way of living that differs from social norms. The Veganuary campaign encourages people to try veganism in January. While vegan diets require care to ensure adequate nutrient intake, they may provide health benefits by reducing disease risk and improving personal health. However, claims about benefits related to women's menstrual cycles require more research. Veganism also helps the environment by reducing agricultural land and water use compared to meat production.
Transforming gender relations through the market: The impact of smallholder d...ILRI
Households participating in the smallholder dairy market in rural Ethiopia were found to have improved women's intra-household bargaining position compared to non-participating households. While milk income shifted from women to men in participating households, men returned some of this income to their wives. In a bargaining game, women in participating households proposed keeping less for themselves but expected to receive more from their husbands, while men did the opposite. Overall, the study found market participation was positively associated with women's bargaining power within the household.
Application of an adapted Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) in ...ILRI
Poster prepared by Mutua, E., Brooks, R., Korir, L. and Waithanji, E. for the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
From gender analysis to transforming gender norms: Using empowerment pathways...ILRI
Presented by Alessandra Galiè (ILRI), Paula Kantor (World Fish) and Jemimah Njuki (IDRC) at the International Food Security Dialogue 2014: Enhancing Food Production, Gender Equality and Nutritional Security in a Changing World, Canada, 30 April-2 May 2014
This document discusses gender considerations for the ACGG project in Tanzania. It defines key gender terms and notes that over 90% of active women in Tanzania work in agriculture. The overall goal of the ACGG project is to promote gender equality, equity, and women's empowerment. To achieve this, gender training has been provided to staff and facilitation materials have been developed. Remaining work includes integrating gender indicators into all project activities, training facilitators, and providing gender training and monitoring within project communities.
A gendered analysis of constraints to cattle production in Ijara KenyaILRI
This study analyzed constraints to cattle production in Ijara sub-county, Kenya from the perspectives of men and women livestock keepers. Through focus group discussions and interviews using participatory methods, diseases, drought, and wildlife were identified as the top constraints. Both men and women ranked diseases as the most important constraint, though women also ranked drought highly. Trypanosomosis and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia were perceived to have the greatest impact on livelihoods. The study found differences in how men and women viewed constraints and recommends that interventions consider both perspectives to effectively address gaps.
Animal health services delivery systems and disease surveillance in the small...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel M. Dione, Emily Ouma, Peter Lule and Danilo Pezo for the Second International Conference on Animal Health Surveillance (ICAHS2), Havana, Cuba, 7-9 May 2014
The document discusses strategies for making future agricultural projects in Tanzania more gender inclusive and equitable. It recommends that projects should involve both women and men without marginalizing either group, design activities that expand existing gender norms, and target youth to help change perceptions. Communications should also be integrated across program activities and consider national campaigns to address societal norms around gender roles in agriculture.
Facilitating market linkages—LIVES project approaches and lessons learnedILRI
The document discusses approaches and lessons learned from the LIVES project in facilitating market linkages for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. The project promotes market-oriented extension services to help smallholders improve incomes by connecting them with different actors in agricultural value chains. The LIVES project facilitates both backward linkages between smallholders and input suppliers, and forward linkages between smallholders and marketing/processing businesses. Key lessons indicate that facilitating these formal and informal market linkages helps make smallholders more aware of opportunities and allows them to make reasonable returns through supported activities like training, information sharing, and promotional events.
The role of gender in crop value chains in EthiopiaILRI
Women play a significant role in Ethiopian agriculture but face barriers to fully participating in crop value chains. A gender analysis of crop production found that women's workloads are heavier than men's and they have less control over income and decision-making. It also found divisions of labor vary by crop, region, and wealth, with women typically performing tasks like weeding and men activities like marketing. The analysis recommends interventions support women by addressing imbalances in workloads and benefits, expanding access to inputs, technologies, and markets, and involving women in decision-making.
Crossborder dynamics and security in the southern Ethiopia-northern Kenya bor...ILRI
This document discusses the cross-border dynamics and security issues in the southern Ethiopia-northern Kenya borderlands. It notes that the 530 mile border was established by the British and Italians in 1970 but remains only partially demarcated. Both governments historically took an absent or containment approach to the borderlands, which has contributed to security issues like sporadic incursions and fighting. However, customary institutions and transnational trade and movement of people and livestock have long transcended the border. Ongoing issues include conflict over resources exacerbated by climate change, land insecurity, unemployment of youth, and lack of formalization of the important livestock trade route between the areas. Future initiatives proposed to help stability include formalizing land tenure
Challenges and opportunities to achieving gender parity in the Kenyan intensi...ILRI
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for achieving gender parity in the Kenyan intensive dairy sector. It outlines that women's tasks in dairy production include securing fodder, providing water, assessing animal health needs, and milking, while men's tasks include owning cows, spraying for ticks, and planting fodder crops. Barriers to gender parity include cultural norms around ownership, women's triple workload burden, and lack of access to services, assets, and credit. The document proposes opportunities such as integrating women into milk cooperatives, strengthening women's leadership roles, and designing technologies that consider women's roles and workloads. It presents basic and advanced indicators for measuring gender parity in areas like decision making, control of assets and income,
The Uganda pig value chain: Constraints and characteristics of actorsILRI
Poster prepared by Emily Ouma, Michel Dione, Peter Lule, Kristina Roese, Lawrence Mayega, David Kiryabwire, Gideon Nadiope, Natalie Carter and Danilo Pezo for the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, 14-18 October 2013
Access to intellectual resources without barriers means to give everyone the opportunity to partecipate in every type of environment (phisycal and learning)
Bias refers to a systematic distortion of results or inferences due to some factor in the design or conduct of the study. Some common types of bias include:
- Selection bias - Systematic differences between those selected for the study versus those who were not selected.
- Information bias - Errors in measuring exposures or outcomes. For example, recall bias if cases remember past exposures differently than controls.
- Confounding - The effect of an extraneous variable that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome of interest.
- Observer bias - When observers or investigators influence the results through their expectations or preferences.
- Attrition bias - Systematic differences between those lost to follow up versus those who completed the study.
Gender mainstreaming efforts in the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchILRI
Presented by Rehima Mussema, EIAR at the Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group Workshop and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013
Session 6. Grace - Taking Evidence to Scale Across Countries for Single Commo...Ag4HealthNutrition
This document discusses animal source foods (ASF) and nutrition. It begins by noting the paradox between agricultural interventions improving availability but not necessarily nutrition outcomes. A framework is presented showing the relationships between livestock, crop production, income, and human health and nutrition. Key questions are raised about how value chain development affects availability, accessibility, acceptability, and utilization of ASF. Data from Uganda shows consumption patterns and preferences for pork among rural and urban consumers. Reasons for avoiding pork in Uganda and Vietnam include religious and cultural beliefs. Processing methods for pork are compared between locations. The presentation is licensed for reuse with credit given to ILRI.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
This document discusses food safety trade-offs in informal markets and smallholder livestock production. It notes that while improved regulation aims to enhance food safety, it may negatively impact livelihoods and access to food for the poor. Evidence shows informal markets often meet food safety standards and that command-and-control regulation does not work and may worsen practices. Effective solutions involve working with and legitimizing informal sectors. The document advocates for improving food safety in a way that is pro-poor and does not negatively impact livelihoods.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
ILRI is an international agricultural research organization that works to improve food security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for better and more sustainable use of livestock. ILRI has over 630 staff from over 30 countries working on projects related to animal and human health, sustainable livestock systems, policies and livelihoods, livestock genetics, and feed and forage development. ILRI conducts research at large campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia as well as regional and country offices in 14 countries. The presentation discusses the large health burden of foodborne diseases in developing countries and how they impact development, nutrition, livelihoods, and market access. It also examines where food and foodborne diseases originate from in developing countries and challenges with managing food
Presented by Barbara Wieland at the First Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (AITVM) and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4-8 September 2016
Access to safe & nutritious animal source foodsLandOLakesID
This document discusses livestock, animal source foods, and human nutrition. It notes that livestock foods can contribute to growth and good health outcomes but foodborne disease is also important for health and nutrition. Most foodborne disease is caused by microbes and parasites in fresh foods. Efforts to improve food safety can sometimes do more harm than good by reducing availability and accessibility of nutritious foods. Solutions working with informal sectors may be more promising than control and regulation approaches that have not been effective. Branding and certification programs for milk vendors in Kenya and India improved milk safety and benefited economies.
Presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on 'Livestock markets, animal source foods and human nutrition: Considering tensions, maximizing impact and avoiding harm', Washington, DC, 17 October 2016
This presentation provides a good insight on the emerging consumers trends and industry response to these trends globally.
You can have a complete learning experience from lms.agribusiness.academy
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Smallholder pig producers and their pork consumption practices in three distr...ILRI
Presentation by K Roesel, E.A. Ouma, M.M. Dione, D. Pezo, D. Grace and S. Alonso at the 6th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-30 October 2014.
Why food safety matters for development: agri-food system perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace at a Brussels Development Briefing on "Better targeting food safety investments in low and middle income countries", Brussels, Belgium, 24 May 2017.
Harnessing markets for improved nutrition: A Case Study of ZombaIFPRIMaSSP
Hunger and undernutrition are intractable problems in Malawi. This study takes a Value Chains for Nutrition (VCN) approach, which examines the potential for harnessing markets for improved nutrition and food security. This case study from the Zomba District of southern Malawi applies data from household surveys, in-depth individual interviews, and market surveys to examine opportunities for improved diets through leveraging demand and supply of nutritious foods, and enhancing value chain performance with a nutrition lens. Preliminary results on bottlenecks and opportunities provide insights for policy and programs.
This presentation and discussion was led by Noora-Lisa Aberman (IFPRI) along with virtual input from co-authors, Aulo Gelli (IFPRI), Jason Donovan (ICRAF), and Amy Margolies (JHU), on February 13, 2017 at IFPRI-Malawi.
Presented by Barbara Szonyi,Tamsin Dewé and Delia Grace at the Workshop on ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Benchmarking Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 6-9 November 2013
Similar to Gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment for food safety (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
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A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
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Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
The Limited Role of the Streaming Instability during Moon and Exomoon FormationSérgio Sacani
It is generally accepted that the Moon accreted from the disk formed by an impact between the proto-Earth and
impactor, but its details are highly debated. Some models suggest that a Mars-sized impactor formed a silicate
melt-rich (vapor-poor) disk around Earth, whereas other models suggest that a highly energetic impact produced a
silicate vapor-rich disk. Such a vapor-rich disk, however, may not be suitable for the Moon formation, because
moonlets, building blocks of the Moon, of 100 m–100 km in radius may experience strong gas drag and fall onto
Earth on a short timescale, failing to grow further. This problem may be avoided if large moonlets (?100 km)
form very quickly by streaming instability, which is a process to concentrate particles enough to cause gravitational
collapse and rapid formation of planetesimals or moonlets. Here, we investigate the effect of the streaming
instability in the Moon-forming disk for the first time and find that this instability can quickly form ∼100 km-sized
moonlets. However, these moonlets are not large enough to avoid strong drag, and they still fall onto Earth quickly.
This suggests that the vapor-rich disks may not form the large Moon, and therefore the models that produce vaporpoor disks are supported. This result is applicable to general impact-induced moon-forming disks, supporting the
previous suggestion that small planets (<1.6 R⊕) are good candidates to host large moons because their impactinduced disks would likely be vapor-poor. We find a limited role of streaming instability in satellite formation in an
impact-induced disk, whereas it plays a key role during planet formation.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Earth-moon system (436)
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
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a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Mapping the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes as a Function of Galaxy Stella...Sérgio Sacani
The growth of supermassive black holes is strongly linked to their galaxies. It has been shown that the population
mean black hole accretion rate (BHAR) primarily correlates with the galaxy stellar mass (Må) and redshift for the
general galaxy population. This work aims to provide the best measurements of BHAR as a function of Må and
redshift over ranges of 109.5 < Må < 1012 Me and z < 4. We compile an unprecedentedly large sample with 8000
active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and 1.3 million normal galaxies from nine high-quality survey fields following a
wedding cake design. We further develop a semiparametric Bayesian method that can reasonably estimate BHAR
and the corresponding uncertainties, even for sparsely populated regions in the parameter space. BHAR is
constrained by X-ray surveys sampling the AGN accretion power and UV-to-infrared multiwavelength surveys
sampling the galaxy population. Our results can independently predict the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) from
the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), and the prediction is consistent with the observed XLF. We also try adding
external constraints from the observed SMF and XLF. We further measure BHAR for star-forming and quiescent
galaxies and show that star-forming BHAR is generally larger than or at least comparable to the quiescent BHAR.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Supermassive black holes (1663); X-ray active galactic nuclei (2035);
Galaxies (573)
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment for food safety
1. Gender-sensitive participatory
risk assessment for food safety
Delia Grace
A4NH/IFPRI Gender Seminar: Gender, Agriculture, and Health: Tracing the Links
IFPRI, Washington, D.C.
20 October 2015
2. 2
Food safety
Every year, at least 2 billion cases of diarrhea occur and 1.5
million children under 5 yrs die worldwide
80% of child deaths due to diarrhea occur in South Asia and
Africa
Animal source foods are single most important source of food
borne disease (FBD)
In Africa and Asia, large proportion of animal source foods are
sold through informal markets
4. 4
Codex Alimentarius Commission framework
for food safety risk assessment
Hazard identification
Hazard characterization Exposure assessment
Risk characterization
Risk communication
What harm does it cause?
How does harm depend
on dose?
Can it be present in food?
Can it cause harm?
How and to what extent does it
get from source to victim?
What is the harm?
What is its likelihood?
Participatory methods
fit well
6. Risk assessment & management with a
gender perspective
How do the differing roles of women and men affect their
exposure to hazards?
How does the biology of women and men, young and old,
healthy and sick affect their vulnerability to different
diseases?
As food systems undergo change and evolution, how might
this advantage or disadvantage women and men?
How do women and men differ in their capacity to manage
risk and how can we best enhance risk management?6
8. Butchery wa Anthony:
•Clean meat and clean butcher
man
•Organized place
•Not a pork joint
•Fair price (6,000 UGX per kg)
Butchery Mukono:
•Along the main way
•Clean meat and butcher man
•Organized
•Not a pork joint
•Fair price (6,000 kg UGX per kg)
Butchery/ pork joint Nasuti:
•Relative clean
•Good price
•near
Butchery/ pork joint Nakabago:
•Relative clean
•Good price
•near
Butchery/ pork joint
industrial area:
•Relative clean
•Good price
•near
Butchery Mukilangila:
•Dirty meat, dirty butcher man
•Drunkards that maintain obscene words
Kitete, Mukono TC
Availability pork: rural consumers in Uganda
9. Acceptability: nutritious vs delicious pig parts
More delicious Less delicious
More
nutritious
loin, ham, hock,
spare ribs, heart
Brain
Less
nutritious
belly slice, rib
toast, stomach,
Bones, intestines,
liver, skull, tail
How often do you buy these?
•Two days out of three
•One day out of three
•One day a month
•Less than one day a month
10. Religion:
•Muslims; SDA; Borne Again (Masaka):
“pigs are for demons”
•Abaswezi don’t eat eggplant, fish and
pork
•Abaana don’t eat pork
•Bamasiya don’t eat anything that
produces blood
Beliefs:
•Pregnant women must not eat pork or
“the child might have a mouth like a
pig”
•If children eat meat “they might delay
speaking”
•If children eat offal “they might
become dumb”
Pregnant women avoid R U
Intestines √ √
Head meat √ √
Spicy food √ ○
Fishy food ○ √
Dog meat √ ○
“Nem chua”-fermented pork ○ √
Boiled pork with fresh fig
leaves
√ ○
Acceptability: reasons to avoid pork in Uganda & Vietnam
11. When disease targets women
High rates of abortion among women in some areas
Listeria never reported in food
Listeria reported in sheep
First study to assess risk of Listeria in Ghana
11
Hazard: Listeria in milk Hazard: Listeria in fish
Moderate riskLow risk
RISK
ASSESSEMENT
RISK
ASSESSEMENT
12. 12
Milk (cow)
Production: men (x Nairobi)
Processing: women
Marketing: women (x
Abidjan)
Consumed: both
Milk (cow)
Production: men (x Nairobi)
Processing: women
Marketing: women (x
Abidjan)
Consumed: both
Poultry
Production: women
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
Poultry
Production: women
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
Milk (goat)
Production: men (w milk)
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
Milk (goat)
Production: men (w milk)
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
Beef
Production: men
Processing: men
Marketing: men
Consumed: both
Beef
Production: men
Processing: men
Marketing: men
Consumed: both
Pigs
Production: women
Processing: men
Marketing: men
Consumed: both
Pigs
Production: women
Processing: men
Marketing: men
Consumed: both
Fish, crabs
Fishing: men
Processing: women
Marketing: women)
Consumed: both
Fish, crabs
Fishing: men
Processing: women
Marketing: women)
Consumed: both
Women dominate certain sectors
13. New markets change opportunity and risk
13
Traditionally women control sale & processing pf milk
Abijan: new urban markets
Markets self-organising
Producers immigrants: mainly
men & unmarried
Men dominate milk value chain
Mali: new co-operative expands
markets
Co-operative trains women
Women remain in market
Cooperative introduces quality tests
Some milk fails tests
Women take it home and consume
Family health at risk
Women have markets for milk
Less milk goes to herder
Nutrition status at risk
14. Women are fewer but better butchers
14
Women have a more important role in self-organised groups than officially-
organised groups.
Women better meat handling practice and
better quality meat (p=0.001).
Men eat more muscle meat (steak) and
women more offal (p=0.004).
Peer to peer training resulted in:
•a 20% reduction in unacceptable meat
•$9 per butcher and saved $780 saved in diarrhoea treatment costs
15. Risk assessment & management with a
gender perspective
Differing roles of women and men significantly affect their
exposure to hazards.
Biology of women and men, young and old, healthy and sick
affects their vulnerability but gender > biology.
As food systems undergo change and evolution they tned to
disadvantage women unless action taken.
Women may be better at managing food safety risks than
men.
15
Three essential elements: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication.
Risk Assessment = HI, HC, EA, RC Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, expert opinions, rural appraisals etc. in complementing quantitative data that was gathered through conventional biological sampling