Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Livestock, livelihoods and the future of India’s smallholder farmersILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress on Sustainable Livelihood Security of Smallholder Farmers, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 3–6 February 2015
The global livestock sector: Trends, drivers and implications for society, he...ILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Michael Macleod, Bernard Bett, Delia Grace and Marius Gilbert at the annual conference of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Chester, UK, 14-15 April 2015.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Livestock, livelihoods and the future of India’s smallholder farmersILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress on Sustainable Livelihood Security of Smallholder Farmers, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, 3–6 February 2015
The global livestock sector: Trends, drivers and implications for society, he...ILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, William Wint, Giulia Conchedda, Giuseppina Cinardi, Thomas Van Boeckel, Michael Macleod, Bernard Bett, Delia Grace and Marius Gilbert at the annual conference of the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Chester, UK, 14-15 April 2015.
Livestock and food security: An ILRI perspectiveILRI
A series of presentations by ILRI scientists (Thomas Randolph, Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Timothy Robinson, Isabelle Baltenweck, Alessandra Galie, Alan Duncan, Nils Teufel, Mats Lannerstad, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Eric Fèvre, Silvia Alonso and Delia Grace) at a seminar on "Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition, including the role of Livestock" for the Committee on World Food Security High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE), Nairobi, Kenya, 8 May 2015.
Food security and animal production—What does the future hold?ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Dieter Schillinger, Delia Grace, Tim Robinson and Shirley Tarawali at the IFAH Europe Sustainability Conference, Brussels, 11 June 2015
Healthy people, animals and ecosystems: The role of CGIAR researchILRI
Keynote presentation by Bernard Bett and Jimmy Smith at the Regional Conference on Zoonotic Diseases in Eastern Africa, Naivasha, Kenya, 9–12 March 2015.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the 16th Annual General Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Innovation platforms increase community participation in livestock health int...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione (ILRI), Ibrahima Traore (ILRI), Ahmadou Sow (ILRI), Barbara Wieland (ILRI) and Abdou Fall (ILRI) for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
Sustainable animal production systems in AfricaILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, Catherine Pfeifer, Mario Herrero, Thomas van Boeckel and Marius Gilbert at the 61st International Congress of Meat Science & Technology, France, 23–28 August 2015
2016 Michigan State Speech on the Risk of Criminal ProsecutionsBill Marler
2016 Michigan State Speech on the Risk of Criminal Prosecutions in Food Production. This will be an overview of cases in the last several years when CEO's and others have been prosecuted for violations of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
From the beginning of the project tried to understand the business overview of the organization .To that drew the business activity model and other necessary software models. Select a business system option and tried to propose a system to satisfy all the requirements of the organization. By developing this project it is hoped to reduce human work and to do all the work on time. This project is also helped to increase and developed database knowledge and programming language knowledge. And also it helps to identify problems of an organization and provide a successful solution for that problem.
Food security and animal production—What does the future hold?ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Dieter Schillinger, Delia Grace, Tim Robinson and Shirley Tarawali at the IFAH Europe Sustainability Conference, Brussels, 11 June 2015
Healthy people, animals and ecosystems: The role of CGIAR researchILRI
Keynote presentation by Bernard Bett and Jimmy Smith at the Regional Conference on Zoonotic Diseases in Eastern Africa, Naivasha, Kenya, 9–12 March 2015.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the 16th Annual General Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Innovation platforms increase community participation in livestock health int...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione (ILRI), Ibrahima Traore (ILRI), Ahmadou Sow (ILRI), Barbara Wieland (ILRI) and Abdou Fall (ILRI) for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
Sustainable animal production systems in AfricaILRI
Presented by Timothy Robinson, Catherine Pfeifer, Mario Herrero, Thomas van Boeckel and Marius Gilbert at the 61st International Congress of Meat Science & Technology, France, 23–28 August 2015
2016 Michigan State Speech on the Risk of Criminal ProsecutionsBill Marler
2016 Michigan State Speech on the Risk of Criminal Prosecutions in Food Production. This will be an overview of cases in the last several years when CEO's and others have been prosecuted for violations of the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
From the beginning of the project tried to understand the business overview of the organization .To that drew the business activity model and other necessary software models. Select a business system option and tried to propose a system to satisfy all the requirements of the organization. By developing this project it is hoped to reduce human work and to do all the work on time. This project is also helped to increase and developed database knowledge and programming language knowledge. And also it helps to identify problems of an organization and provide a successful solution for that problem.
Research for analysis was conducted at Super Stop & Shop, in Glendale, NY. Slideshow is a result of student research and is not the result of research conducted by The Stop & Shop Company, LLC or their affiliates. Photos of the Stop & Shop store logo, smartphone application, products, coupons, and Stop & Shop Card are property of The Stop & Shop Company, LLC.
A Complete Model Of The Supermarket Business - PresentationFrank Steeneken
This presentation provides a complete picture of the underlying skeletal structure that holds every supermarket business together while achieving it goals. The supermarket model introduces a comprehensive framework for managing the complexity of a supermarket structure, and a reusable blueprint for visualizing how a supermarket company actually does business.
The model’s clearly-defined core-processes and their functions provide a powerful baseline for improving business performance. By viewing a supermarket business as a single functional system, the nature of its underlying core processes become clear. Then by managing and improving them as parts of a single system, substantial improvements can be made on critical success factors, such as lead-time requirements and the precise availability of stock when needed, throughout the supply chain.
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Presented by Delia Grace at the IFPRI 2020 Policy Consultation and Conference, Side event on Food Safety: Options for Addressing a Growing Crisis, Addis Ababa, 15-17 May 2014
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel and Silvia Alonso at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Global Animal Health Conference on Developing Global Animal Health Products to Support Food Security and Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia, 17−18 October 2013
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...Susan MacMillan
Slide presentation:
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of developing countries matter
By Jimmy Smith
For the Global Animal Health Conference: Developing global animal health products to support food security and sustainability
17-18 October 2013
Arlington, Virginia
Why food safety matters for development: agri-food system perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace at a Brussels Development Briefing on "Better targeting food safety investments in low and middle income countries", Brussels, Belgium, 24 May 2017.
Food safety in low- and middle-income countries: What works, what doesn't and...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Michael Taylor, Ram Deka, Sinh Dang Xuan, Steve Jaffee and Silvia Alonso at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. Food safety trade-offs
Delia Grace
Joint A4NH/ISPC Workshop on Nutrition
Washington, DC, 22-23 September 2014
2. Overview: The usual mindset
• Consumer and public health demand for improved food
safety for commodities with higher risk, esp. animal
source foods
• Obvious answer is to regulate and get more shifted out
of risky informal channels into modern sector channels
• Trade-offs?
• Does this really reduce public health risk?
• What is the cost in reduced livelihood benefits for poor livestock keepers
(and other value chain actors)?
• ….and in reducing access of the poor to animal source foods?
3. Overview: Let’s be evidence-based
• Most high value food in poor countries is produced by
smallholders and sold in wet markets
• These sectors provide many benefits to farmers, VC
actors and consumers but are threatened by rising
concern over food safety
• Evidence shows:
• Wet markets often no worse than supermarkets at meeting
food safety standards
• Control & command regulation doesn’t work and may lead
to worse practices
• Solutions based on working with and legitimising the
informal sector are effective and feasible
4. Livestock sector: Opportunities & challenges
One health Socio-Economic Environment
Opportunities Population growth, food and
nutrition security
Regional and global demand for
livestock products
Manure, fertilizer,
regenerative energies
Challenges Overconsumption, food safety,
(emerging) zoonoses,
infectious disease
Equity, gender, urbanization,
transboundary livestock diseases
Land/water degradation,
human-wildlife conflict,
pollution, emissions
5. Smallholder farmers have a major role in
supplying food markets in poor countries
• 90% of animal products are produced and consumed
in the same country or region
• 500 million smallholders produce 80% of food in poor
countries. 43% of the workforce are women
% production by smallholder livestock farms
Beef Chicken
(meat)
Small ruminant
(meat)
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa >85 60-90
Bangladesh 65 77 78 65 77
India (< 2ha land) 75 92 92 69 71
Thailand 43 37
Vietnam 95 80
6. Density of poor livestock keepers (PLK)
• One billion PLK depend on 19 billion livestock
• 4 countries have 44% of PLK
• 75% rural, 25% urban poor depend on livestock
• Livestock contribute 2-33% income
• Livestock contribute 6-36% protein
Thornton et al.
7. Informal markets have a major role in food
security and safety
Benefits of wet
markets
Cheap food,
Fresh food,
Food from local breeds,
Better taste (hard chicken)
Accessible,
Small amounts sold (kidogo)
Sellers are trusted,
Credit may be provided
(results from PRAs with consumers in
Safe Food, Fair Food project)
Wet market milk Supermarket
milk
Most common
price /litre
56 cents One dollar
HH where infants
consume daily
67% 65%
HH which boil milk 99% 79%
Survey in supermarkets and wet markets in Nairobi in 2014
>60% of consumers’ don’t
trust govt. label
8. Informal markets provide food for the poor
and livelihoods for poor men and women
Milk (goat)
Production: men (w milk)
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
8
Milk (cow)
Production: men (x Nairobi)
Processing: women
Marketing: women (x Abidjan)
Consumed: both
Poultry
Production: women
Processing: women
Marketing: women
Consumed: both
Beef/goat
Production: men (w assist)
Processing: m
Marketing: m (butcher, pub)
Consumed: both
Pigs
Production: women
Processing: men
Marketing: men
Consumed: both
Fish, crabs
Fishing: men
Processing: women
Marketing: women)
Consumed: both
9. Food safety: the most important agriculture
associated disease
World wide per year >3 billion
cases of diarrhea
and 0.5 million deaths of children
under 5
80% of child deaths due to
diarrhea in South Asia and Africa
Animal source foods are most
important source of food borne
disease (FBD)
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
FBD
Malaria
Measles
Cancer (all)
Tuberculosis
HIV
Cases per year
10. Growing concern about food safety
• Many/most reported concern
over food safety (40-97%)
• Willing to pay 5-10% premium
for food safety
• Buy 20-40% less during animal
health scares
• Younger, wealthier, town-residing,
supermarket-shoppers
willing to pay more for safety
11. Compliance : Formal often worse than informal
11
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Poor total bacteria Unacceptable total
bacteria
Unacceptable
faecal bacteria
Unaccpetable
Staph
Unacceptable
listeria
Any unacceptable
Supermarket
Wet market
Village
12. More regulation associated with worse
12
practices
Average of
17.25 risk
mitigation
strategies
used
Farmers who
believed UA
was legal used
more
strategies
13. Improvements are feasible, effective, affordable
• Peer training, branding, innovation for
Nigerian butchers led to 20% more
meat samples meeting standards; cost
$9 per butcher but resulted in savings
$780/per butcher per year from
reduced cost of human illness
• Providing information on rational drug
use to farmers, led to four-fold
knowledge increase, two-fold
improvement in practice and halving in
13
14. • Branding & certification of milk
vendors in Kenya & Guwahti,
Assam led to improved milk safety.
• It benefited the national economy
by $33 million per year in Kenyan
and $6 million in Assam
• 70% of traders in Assam and 24%
in Kenya are currently registered
• 6 milllion consumers in Kenya and
1.5 million in Assam are benefiting
from safer milk
15. Efforts in managing food safety in informal
markets must be pro-poor
• The poor are more prone to food-borne
disease but cannot afford to fall ill
• Risk management needs training, skills
development and prerequisites
• Gradual “formalisation” of wet markets can
improve safety & decrease poverty
• More impact assessment on economic losses
and gains of food safety risks is needed
16. better lives through livestock
ilri.org
The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.