The document discusses ensuring content validity in tests. It describes how the teacher creates a Table of Specifications (TOS) to map out topics to be covered and the number of test items for each topic based on time spent teaching. This ensures the test covers all topics and the questions are distributed appropriately. The document also notes other types of test validity besides content validity, such as predictive validity and construct validity.

1. Name of FS Student : Ian Jim A. Bayson
Course : BSED- English Year and Section: III
Resource Teacher : Ms. Rhivee Mae Halina Signature: ______________
Cooperating School : JH Cerilles State College
Date of Visit : January 9, 2015
FS #5- Episode 3 : On Content Validity of Tests
My Tools
A. Interview
From my interview, the school follows the suggested way in ensuring content validity
of tests from the authorities. She said that they make Table of Specifications (TOS) every
time they conduct exams to ensure that the contents are valid. She makes use of the TOS
so that she can cover all the topics she taught into equally distributed number of items in
each topic. It is believed that TOS is an effective tool in making sure that the number of
questions on a topic depends on how long is the topic taught. Thus, TOS ensure content
validity of the periodic tests.
B. Documentary Analysis (Lesson Plans with accompanying quiz/ test)
The quiz/test measures what it is supposed to measure since the questions of any
quiz/test are based on the given result of the TOS. In a TOS, there are objectives and the
questions in the test answer the objectives stated in the TOS, because what are being raised
in the quiz/test spell out what the teacher aims to achieve. The test/quiz measures what it
is supposed to measure for the questions are well-formulated by the teacher to make sure
that all the essential topics are well learned by the learners.

2. Name of FS Student : Ian Jim A. Bayson
Course : BSED- English Year and Section: III
Cooperating School : JH Cerilles State College
Date of Visit : January 9, 2015
My Analysis
Table of Specifications (TOS) ensures the validity of the tests because it spells out
what to be included and the number of items in each topic to include in the test. Also, it
ensures reliability of each question in the test.
A multiple type of test is valid to determine learning of manipulative skill when the
questions are situational where the students need first to imagine the real scenario before
answering it. It becomes valid when there is involvement of manipulative thinking skill.
There are other types of validity of a test that content validity. They are predictive
validity which refers to the extent to which a score of an assessment predicts future
performance and construct validity which refers to the appropriateness on inferences made
on the basis of observations or measurements, specifically whether a test measure the
intended construct.

3. Name of FS Student : Ian Jim A. Bayson
Course : BSED- English Year and Section: III
Cooperating School : JH Cerilles State College
Date of Visit : January 9, 2015
My Reflections
I learned that in order to ensure validity of tests, one must use Table of
Specifications (TOS) so that the questions are of high valid. TOS spells out what to include
in the tests, how difficult the questions are and the coverage of the test. Within my 12 years
of studying, there was one time that our examination was very difficult. I believe that some
of the questions that were included were not discussed by out teacher. Almost all of us got
low scores and we were very confused why our teacher included some topics where were
not discussed. To avoid such to happen to my future students, I will make use of TOS
effectively. With TOS, I will be aware on what to include in my test questions.

4. Name of FS Student : Ian Jim A. Bayson
Course : BSED- English Year and Section: III
Cooperating School : JH Cerilles State College
Date of Visit : January 9, 2015
My Portfolio
1. Two forms of TOS
a. One-way TOS
b. Two-way TOS
Of the two TOS, I prefer to use the Two-way TOS because the questions in each
topic are fairly distributed depending on how long the topic is taught. Also, the Bloom’s
Taxonomy of Objectives is present and indicated with numbers reflecting each level of
difficulty.

5. 2. LessonObjectives with corresponding valid item tests
Creating
Objective: to give a stand on a particular issue.
Sample Question: If you were on his part, would you do the same? Why or Why not?
Evaluating
Objective: to test the effectivity of herbal medicines.
Sample Question: From the time of intake of herbal medicine, how long after it takes
effect? Explain yor answer.
Analysing
Objective: to distinguish fact from opinion.
Sample Question: When can we say that sentence or statement is opinion or fact?
Applying
Objective: to use noun in a sentence.
Sample Question: Give examples of noun and use them appropriatley in a sentence.
Understanding
Objective: to give examples about noun.
Sample Question: Give examples about each kind of noun.
Remembering
Objective: to define noun.
Sample Question: What is noun?