The document discusses the table of specifications (TOS), which is a plan used by teachers to construct tests. It outlines the topics and number of items or points associated with each topic. The TOS ensures tests match what was taught by solidifying the agreement between teachers and students. It also improves test validity and can enhance student learning by guiding their studying. The document provides steps for constructing a TOS, including determining exam coverage, objectives for topics, duration for each area, and test types for objectives.

1. The Importance of TOS
Steps in the Construction of TOS
Table of Specifications (TOS)

2.  Table of specification is a plan prepared by a classroom teacher as a basis
for test construction especially a periodic test.
 Is a two-way chart which describes the topics to be covered by a test
and the number of items or points which will be associated with
each topic.
 A TOS is a chart that shows the topics that will be covered on a
test.
What is a Table of Specification?

3. Knowledge – remembering facts, terms, definitions,
and concepts.
Comprehension – understanding the meaning of
material. Explain, interpret, summarize, give
examples, predict, translate
Application – selecting a concept or skill and urging
it to solve a problem. Compute, solve, apply, modify,
construct

4. Analysis – breaking material down into its
parts and explaining the hierarchical relations
Synthesis – producing something original
after having broken the material down into
its component parts
Evaluation – making a judgment based
upon a pre-established set of criteria

5. The TOS is an instrument that is consistent with the
student centered approach.
It provides a study and examination guide for students.
It solidifies the teacher/student contract.
It ensures integrity and transparency for all concerned.
Provides a plan of action that is consistent with the
Institution’s academic goals.
The Importance of TOS

6. It improves the validity of teacher-made tests.
It can improve student learning as well.
It helps to sure that there is a match between what
is taught and what is tested.
The Importance of TOS

8. Step 1- Determine the coverage of your exam
Steps in the Construction of TOS
Step 2- Determine your testing objectives for each topic
area
Step 3- Determine the duration for each content area
Step 4- Determine the Test Types for each objective
Step 5- Polish your terms of specification