table of specification

1. The Importance of TOS
Steps in the Construction of TOS
Table of Specifications (TOS)

2.  Table of specification is a plan prepared by a classroom teacher as a basis
for test construction especially a periodic test.
 Is a two-way chart which describes the topics to be covered by a test
and the number of items or points which will be associated with
each topic.
 A TOS is a chart that shows the topics that will be covered on a
test.
What is a Table of Specification?

3. Knowledge – remembering facts, terms, definitions,
and concepts.
Comprehension – understanding the meaning of
material. Explain, interpret, summarize, give
examples, predict, translate
Application – selecting a concept or skill and urging
it to solve a problem. Compute, solve, apply, modify,
construct

4. Analysis – breaking material down into its
parts and explaining the hierarchical relations
Synthesis – producing something original
after having broken the material down into
its component parts
Evaluation – making a judgment based
upon a pre-established set of criteria

5. The TOS is an instrument that is consistent with the
student centered approach.
It provides a study and examination guide for students.
It solidifies the teacher/student contract.
It ensures integrity and transparency for all concerned.
Provides a plan of action that is consistent with the
Institution’s academic goals.
The Importance of TOS

6. It improves the validity of teacher-made tests.
It can improve student learning as well.
It helps to sure that there is a match between what
is taught and what is tested.
The Importance of TOS

8. Step 1- Determine the coverage of your exam
Steps in the Construction of TOS
Step 2- Determine your testing objectives for each topic
area
Step 3- Determine the duration for each content area
Step 4- Determine the Test Types for each objective
Step 5- Polish your terms of specification