Keynote address at the "Open Education In and Across Disciplines" event at Mount Royal University on November 9, 2016

1. Free + Freedom
Liberating Higher Education through
Open Educational Practices
Open Studies Teaching Fellow, Kwantlen Polytechnic University
OER Research Fellow, Open Education Group
Faculty Workshop Facilitator, Open Textbook Network
Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.
@thatpsychprof

5. “higher education
shall be equally
accessible to all”

6. $17,849 for 8 months
$12.20 minimum wage
1463 hours
28 hours/week for 52 weeks

7. • AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE

8. • AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE
• Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans

9. "Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant" by peasap is licensed under CC BY 2.0
• AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE
• Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan
debt surpassed $15 billion

10. • AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE
• Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan
debt surpassed $15 billion
• Average student debt in Canada is
$28,495The cost of textbooks has
risen by 1041% since 1977
Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

11. • AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE
• Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan
debt surpassed $15 billion
• Average student debt in Canada is
$28,495
• 3 years after graduating, only 34%
are debt free

12. • AB Students now work 231% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay
for PSE
• Half of Bachelor’s degree
graduates rely on student loans
• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan
debt surpassed $15 billion
• Average student debt in Canada is
$28,495
• 3 years after graduating, only 34%
are debt free
• When debt reaches $10,000,
program completion rates drop
from 59% to 8%
• The cost of textbooks has risen by
1041% since 1977

13. “The opposite of Open is not closed;
the opposite of open is broken”
-John Wilbanks

14. Researchers in
developing countries
can see your work
More exposure for
your work
Practitioners can
apply your findings
Higher citation rates
Your research can
Influence policy
The public can access
your findings
Compliant with grant
rules
Taxpayers get value
for money
CC-BY Danny Kingsley & Sarah Brown

18. "France in 2000 year (XXI century). Future school." by Jean Marc Cote is in the Public Domain

19. Let’s try a thought
exercise

22. "More?" by Alan Levine is licensed under CC BY 2.0

23. "Ellis Hall Active Learning Classroom" by Queen's University is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

30. What can YOU do?
• Survey your student body
• #textbookbroke campaign
• Presentations
• Utilize visuals, create displays
• Speak directly to faculty & admin
• Suggest that faculty review a textbook
• Showcase examples
• Form a student-led OER group
• Connect. Collaborate.

31. 46 15.5 22.7 7.8 8.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Not purchased the required textbook
Percentage of Respondents
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Very Often
ACTUAL SPENDING ON TEXTBOOKS (PAST 12 MONTHS)
RANGE: $0-$3000; MEAN: $698; MEDIAN: $500
Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

32. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Used interlibrary loan copies
Leased e-chapters
Rented e-textbooks
Rented print textbooks
Used library reserve copies
Leased e-textbook
Shared textbooks with classmates
Downloaded textbooks from the internet
Purchased used copies from the campus store
Sold used textbooks
Purchased textbooks from a source other than the campus store
Unaffected by the cost of textbooks
Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

33. Buy used (if possible)
Buy online
Resell (if possible)
Rent
Shared purchase
(Inter)library loans
Photocopy
International edition
Old edition

39. Revise Remix
Retain Redistribute
Reuse
Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221
March 5, 2014, CC-BY
open = free + permissions

41. Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

42. rijksmuseum.nl

43. gutenberg.org

44. open.bccampus.ca

45. openstax.org

48. Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

49. HOW IMPORTANT TO YOU ARE THE FOLLOWING
FEATURES OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?
12.6
6.7
9.6
7.8
2.9
1
13.6
22.1
15.4
4.9
1
1.9
31.1
20.2
21.2
16.5
10.6
9.6
21.4
26
21.2
32
36.5
26.9
21.4
25
32.7
38.8
49
60.6
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Shareability
Permanent retention
Option to print
Convenience/portability
Immediate access
Cost savings
Not important at all Of little importance Of average importance
Very important Absolutely essential
Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

50. I would not have bought the text book for
this course because it's an elective. I
would have possibly walked away with a
C, now I might actually get an A-
It is easily accessible and convenient.
Material is easy to understand and follow
I personally really like the convenience of having the
complete set of chapters on my computer and even
accessible from my phone if I need it. I like that I don't
have to lug around another text book
It's free and it's a great money saver

51. Jhangiani et al. (under review)
Jhangiani, R. S., Dastur, F., LeGrand, R., & Penner, K. (under review). As good or better than
commercial textbooks: Students’ perceptions and outcomes from using open digital and
open print textbooks.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3
PercentCorrect
Traditional
Open Print
Open Digital
p < 0.05 ns ns

52. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200

53. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Commercial
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200

54. “Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Cost
Completing with C or Better
Commercial
OER
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200

55. Commercial vs. OER
Hilton et al. (in press)

56. Cost savings
Access
Portability
Course performance
Adapt, update, & remix
Enrolment
Student retention
Program completion

57. "Recycling Water Bottles" by Mr.TinDC is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

59. Open Pedagogy:
HOW
Deeper learning (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)
Evaluate and defend credibility of
sources (Marentette, 2014)
Write more concisely and think
more critically (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)
Collaborate with students from
around the world (Karney, 2012)
Provide and receive constructive
feedback (Ibrahim, 2012)
Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012)
Communicate ideas to a general
audience (APS, 2013)

62. 22,000
37,000+
97%
Students who have taken on
Wikipedia assignments since 2010
New articles that students have
created
Instructors who say they will, or
plan to, teach with Wikipedia again

63. Why have students
answer questions when
they can write them?

64. Students
Topics
Questions
35
10
1400

66. PM4ID

69. "GB Airways A320" by Tony Evans is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

70. "IMG_1007" by Erica is licensed under CC BY 2.0

71. Thank you!
@thatpsychprof
Rajiv.Jhangiani@kpu.ca