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Douglas College PD Event: The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science
This document summarizes Rajiv Jhangiani's presentation titled "The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science". It notes that rising costs of post-secondary education and textbooks have negatively impacted students by increasing debt loads and reducing program completion rates. Open educational resources (OER) provide an opportunity to reduce costs by providing open textbooks and course materials to students free of charge. The presentation argues that the adoption of open pedagogy and open science is both desirable to reduce costs for students and inevitable as educators recognize the benefits of open practices.
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Douglas College PD Event: The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science
- 1. Faculty Fellow, BC Open Textbook Project OER Research Fellow, Open Education Group Dept. of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D. The Desirable and Inevitable Shift Towards Open Pedagogy and Open Science THE FUTURE IS OPEN
- 4. "Ivory Towers" byJames F Clay is licensed under CC BY-‐NC 4.0
- 5. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average BC student debt in 2011 was $29,497 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 6. "Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant" by peasap is licensed under CC BY 2.0 • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average BC student debt in 2011 was $29,497 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 7. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average student debt in Canada is $28,495 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 8. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average student debt in Canada is $28,495 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 9. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average student debt in Canada is $28,495 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 10. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average student debt in Canada is $28,495 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 11. • Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans • In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion • Average student debt in Canada is $28,495 • 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free • BC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE • When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8% • The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
- 14. 1,489,536 full-‐time students @ $750/year = $1.1 Billion
- 16. Buy used (if possible) Resell (if possible) Old edition International edition Shared purchase Rent (Inter)library loans Photocopy
- 20. €€€ €€ €€ € € 60%+ do notpurchase textbooks at some point due to cost 35% take fewer courses due to textbook cost 31% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost 23% regularly go without textbooks due to cost 14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost 10% have withdrawn from a course due to textbook cost Source: 2012 student survey by Florida Virtual Campus There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success
- 21. "Crazy Stunt" byRoss G. Strachan is licensed under CC BY-‐NC-‐ND 4.0
- 22. "circa 1890 -‐Hamlin's Wizard Oil"byclotho98 is licensed under CC BY-‐NC 4.0 "'THAT WAS EASY!'" byjoepoppis licensed underCC BY-‐NC-‐ND 2.0
- 23.
- 28. Retain Redistribute Revise Remix Reuse Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221 March 5, 2014, CC-‐BY open = free + permissions
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- 33. open.bccampus.ca Faculty Reviews 291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
- 34. open.bccampus.ca From Reviews to Adaptations My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
- 35.
- 37. "Opening the Curriculum: Open Education Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014"by I. Elaine Allen & Jeff Seaman, Babson Survey Research Group is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Those who have adopted OER rate the quality of OER as significantly higher: F(1, 35) = 7.88, p = .008, = 0.18 (Jhangiani et al., 2015) ηp 2
- 38. 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 Strongly disagree DisagreeNeutral Agree Strongly agree Rajiv Richard Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of the modules/chapters in the open textbook Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014) N = 105 %
- 39. Overall, I am satisfied with the convenience, access, & portability of the open textbook 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree % Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)
- 40. The cost savings that come with an open textbook are important to me 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree % Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)
- 41. What is the average cost of the textbooks that you purchase for your other courses? 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 <$50 $51-‐$100 $101-‐$150 $151-‐$200 >$200 Rajiv Richard Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014) %
- 42. I would have preferred to pay for a traditional textbook for this course 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree Rajiv Richard Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014) %
- 43. I like how the theories are explained in more understandable ways compared to other textbooks where the author tends to talk in circles before explaining what is being talked about I would not have bought the text book for this course because it's an elective. I would have possibly walked away with a C, now I might actually get an A-‐ It is easily accessible and convenient. Material is easy to understand and follow I personally really like the convenience of having the complete set of chapters on my computer and even accessible from my phone if I need it. I like that I don't have to lug around another text book It's free and it's a great money saver
- 45. 11 Peer Reviewed Studies http://openedgroup.org/
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- 47. Hilton & Laman(2012) • 7 psychology faculty • Houston Community College • 23 sections (690 students) Traditional textbook (Spring 2011) Open textbook (Fall 2012) GPA 1.6 2.0 Withdrawal rate (%) 14 7.1 Final examination (%) 67.6 71.1 Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning, 27(3), 265-‐272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657
- 48. Robinson et al. (2014) • Quasi-‐experimental design • Propensity-‐score matched groups • OT students scored slightly higher on end-‐of-‐year standardized science tests • Significant gains in chemistry • No differences in physics or earth systems Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7), 341-‐351. doi: 10.3102/0013189X14550275
- 49. “Mad” “Glad” “Sad” “Rad” Cost Completing with C or Better Commercial OER Student Success per Dollar 0 100% $200
- 51. Cost savings Access Portability Course performance Adapt, update, & remix Enrolment Student retention Program completion
- 53. open.bccampus.ca What can YOU do? • Survey your student body • #textbookbroke campaign • Presentations • Utilize visuals, create displays • Speak directly to faculty & admin • Suggest that faculty review a textbook • Showcase examples • Form a student-led OER group • Connect. Collaborate.
- 54. The Z-Degree REMOVING TEXTBOOKCOSTS AS A BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM Decreased cost to graduate by 25% Increased pedagogical flexibility Improved course completion rates
- 55. RESEARCH ESSAYS. I CAN WRITE RESEARCH ESSAYS
- 59. • >8,500 Psychology articles • Viewed >64,000 times every six months • ~63% have gone through Wikipedia’s peer assessment • ~9% have achieved “good article” status
- 61. Benefits • Achieve deeper understanding of the topic(Farzan & Kraut, 2013) • Evaluate and defend credibility of sources (Marentette, 2014) • Write more concisely and think more critically (Farzan & Kraut, 2013) • Collaborating with students from around the world (Karney, 2012) • Provide and receive constructive feedback (Ibrahim, 2012) • Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012) • Communicate ideas to a general audience (APS, 2013)
- 63. 14,000 33,000 92% Students who have taken on Wikipedia assignments since 2010 New articles that students have created Instructors who say they will, or plan to, teach with Wikipedia again
- 70. Open hypotheses & analysis plan Open research materials Open data Open source statistical software Open peer review Open publishing Open Science Practices
- 71. RECORD PROFITS + volunteer work =Public funding
- 72. Where Social Justice Meets Good Pedagogy
- 73.