This document provides an overview of 4G mobile technology, including its definition, evolution from previous generations (0G, 1G, 2G, 3G), key characteristics of 4G such as high data speeds up to 1Gbps, and its communications architecture using multiple wireless networks. Examples of 4G applications include mobile gaming, broadband access, and virtual presence. The implementation of 4G technology is expected to have socio-economic impacts such as more affordable communication services and increased social networking through mobile devices.

1. Presented by: Areeb Akhlaq
EC 3RD year
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
&
MANAGEMENT ALIGARH
(ITM ALIGARH)

2. Contents
 4G Definition .
 0G, 1G, 2G & 3G Technology .
 Drawbacks Of Generations .
 Fourth Generation .
 Communications Architecture .
 Network Of 4G .
 Comparison .
 Apps Of 4G .
 Socio-Economic Impact .
 Conclusion .

3. 4G Definition
 4G is not one defined technology or standard, but
rather a collection of technologies at creating fully
packet-switched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed of
100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary

4. 0G (Zero Generation Mobile
System)
 At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to users in
cars to the public land-line based telephone network.
 In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,
called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
brought quite a few improvements such as direct
dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog
systems were based upon IMTS and were created in
the late 60s and early 70s

5. 1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless
telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.
 1G had two major improvements:
 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link between the
phone and the cell site.
 Analog signal .

6. 2G Technology
 Around 1980’s .
 Better quality & capacity - More people could use
there phones at the same time .
 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s .

7. Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s .
 Digital signal:
 1.Low level .
 2.High level .
 3.Rising edge.
 4.Falling edge

8. Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much
more effectively than analog voice encodings
 Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital
data streams are combined into one signal
 For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6
Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN

9. 3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities .
 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile
systems and up to 2Mbps .
 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz .
 A greater number of users that can be simultaneously
supported by a radio frequency bandwidth
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–
Global roaming .

10. Drawbacks Of Generations
 1G :Poor voice quality, Poor battery life, Large
phone size, No security, frequent call
drops, Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.
 2G :The GSM is a circuit switched, connection
oriented technology, where the end systems are
dedicated for the entire call session. This causes
inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.
The GSM-enabled systems do not support high
data rates. They are unable to handle complex data
such as video.

11. Drawbacks Of Generations
 3G : High bandwidth requirement .
High spectrum licensing fees .
Huge capital .

12. 4G Mobile Technology-The
Race To Innovation
3G
2G
1G

13. Fourth Generation
 Fourth Generation Technology
 Faster and more reliable
 100 Mb/s
 Lower cost than previous generations
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
 Ad Hoc Networking
 IPv6 Core
 OFDM used instead of CDMA
 Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
 Most information is proprietary

14. Communications Architecture
 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
 Personal Layer Gateway:
 devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax, voice, data
modem, MP3 players, PDAs
 Info-Sensor layer:
 environmental sensors
 Fiber-optic wire layer:
 high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables and
repeaters

15. Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self organization of networks of
devices .
 Not necessarily connected to internet .
 4G will create hybrid wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks .
 Form of mesh networking–Very reliable .

16. Enhance Mobile Gaming
 Experience enhance wireless capabilities that
deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than
five seconds .
 Play online multi player games while traveling at
high speeds or sitting outside .

17. Broadband Access In Remote
Location
 4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband
access .
 I will provide first opportunity for broadband access
in remote locations without an infrastructure to
support cable or DSL access.

18. Comparison

19. Apps. Of 4G
 Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual
presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep people
on event).
 Virtual navigation: a remote database contains the graphical
representation of streets, buildings, and physical
characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database
are transmitted i rapid sequence to a vehicle
 Tele-geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location
information of several users, in addition to temporal aspects
have many applications.
 Crisis-management applications
 Education .

20. Socio-Economic Impact
 More affordable communication services .
 One device can communicate with all vs many devices
with communicating with some devices .
 TV ,internet, phone ,radio, home environment
sensors all reachable through one device i.e the cell
phone .
 Increase in social networking, invasion of privacy,
security concerns
 Increase in regulation likely (ie. no driving and using a
cell phone)

21. Conclusion
 It is a true broadband wireless system .
 The goal is to have data rates up to 20mbps,when used
in a vehicle & aero plane …..etc .
 4G has a significant potential for capacity improvements
over 3G systems.

22. Webography
 www.four-g.net.
 Advanced wireless networks- savo Glisic.

23. Queries are
welcome