Mobile telephony has evolved through several generations from early 0G analog mobile radio systems to current 4G systems. The document traces this evolution from 1G analog cellular networks using FDMA in the 1980s with speeds around 10 kbps, to 2G digital cellular networks using TDMA and CDMA in the 1990s with speeds around 64-144kbps. 3G networks then provided higher speed multimedia access around 144kbps to 2Mbps in the early 2000s. 4G networks currently offer broadband speeds from 100Mbps to 1Gbps for more advanced applications.

2. ..is the transfer of
information over a
distance , without
the use of
electrical
conductors/wires.

3. Mobile radio
telephone systems
preceded modern
cellular mobile
telephony
technology. These
systems are
sometimes
retroactively
referred to as pre
cellular (or
sometimes Zero
Generation)
systems.
First Mobile Radio Telephone-1924

4. Used analog radio signal.
Introduced in 1980’s
Uses FDMA
The various standards--
NMT in Nordic countries-
Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland ( )
 AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in
the United
States(1983) and Australia ( )
TACS (Total Access Communications
System) in the United Kingdom ( )

5.  As Its Analog So It Was Highly Susceptible To Noise
 Traffic Was Not Encrypted So Anyone Could
Eavesdrop By Tuning To The Correct Frequency

6. It was launched in the year in FINLAND.
2 G Wireless
The technology of most current DIGITAL
mobile phones-TDMA + CDMA
Features includes:
- Phone calls
- Voice mail
- Receive simple TEXT messages
Speed: 10kbits/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
31-41 min

7. Different variants of 2 G
GSM IS-95 PDC iDEN IS-136
(TDMA) CDMA one (TDMA) (TDMA) D-AMPS

8. GSM
•DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM
•CIRCUIT SWITCH SYSTEM
IS-95
•FIRST CDMA BASED DIGITAL CELLULAR
•BRAND NAME FOR IS-95 IS CDMA1
PDC
•DEVELOPED EXCLUSIVELY IN JAPAN
•COMPARED TO GSM,HAS A WEAKER BROADCAST

9. I-DEN
• DEVELOPED BY MOTOROLA
• CAN HAVE VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED
TALKING GROUPS
D-AMPS
• ADDS TDMA TO AMPS
• TRIPLES THE NO. OF CALLS THAT CAN BE
HANDLED ON A SINGLE AMPS CHANNEL

10. The Best Technology now widely available
Features includes:
- camera phones
- high speed packet data
- GPRS
- Send/receive large email messages
- Web browsing
- Navigation/maps
- New updates
Speed: 64-144kb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
6-9min

11. Features include:
 I-MODE DATA SERVICE.
 CAMERA PHONES.
 HIGH SPEED CIRCUIT SWITCHED
 GPRS
 EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for
GSM Evolution)

12. 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow
transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do
not meet today's wireless needs.
Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded
to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first
country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to
3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G
Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as
2004.

13. Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC
and TV
Features includes:
- Phone calls/fax
- Global roaming
- Send/receive large email messages
- High-speed Web
- Navigation/maps
- Videoconferencing
- TV streaming
Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
11sec-1.5min

14. Capability To Support Circuit And Packet Data At High
Bit Rates:
• or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic
• for pedestrian traffic
• or higher for indoor traffic
Interoperability and roaming
Common billing/user profiles:
• Sharing of usage/rate information between service
providers
• Standardized call detail recording
• Standardized user profiles

15. Capability to determine geographic position of
mobiles and report it to both the network and the
mobile terminal
Support of multimedia services/capabilities:
• Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on
demand
• Multimedia mail store and forward
• Broadband access up to

16. UMTS- This Is Main 3 G Technology That Uses WCDMA..
WCDMA (WIDEBAND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)
-WCDMA is the higher speed transmission protocol in the UMTS
system
-Radio channels are 5MHz wide.
-Supports two basic modes of duplex:
frequency division and time division(15 slots/radio frame).
-Multiuser detection can be used to increase capacity and coverage
-operators like VODAFONE, SINGTEL, AT&T, TIM.

17.  Audio/ Video.
 VOIP.
 Still image.
 Moving images.
 Downloading softwares.

19. Features include:
- An efficient system.
- High network capacity.
- Huge data rate.
- Smooth hand off
- Seamless connectivity & global roaming.
- High quality of service.
-An all IP. Packet switched network.
Speed:
Suppose to allow data transfer up to
outdoor and indoor.

20. networks have been particularly designed to
accommodate WLANs and PANs based on Bluetooth
technologies.
suffers bandwidth limitations to accommodate these
networks

21. Technology 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz
Bandwidth 5-20MHz 15-200MHz
100Mbps moving -
Data rate Up to 2Mbps
1Gbps stationary
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

23. Data Communications And Networking- B. A.
Forouzan
www.Wikipedia.com
www.nmscommunications.com
www.mobilealliance.com
Encarta Encyclopedia